Advancements in remote sensing for active fire detection: A review of datasets and methods

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 943, P. 173273 - 173273

Published: May 31, 2024

Language: Английский

---

spAbundance: An R package for single‐species and multi‐species spatially explicit abundance models

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1024 - 1033

Published: May 10, 2024

Abstract Numerous modelling techniques exist to estimate abundance of plant and animal populations. The most accurate methods account for multiple complexities found in ecological data, such as observational biases, spatial autocorrelation, species correlations. There is, however, a lack user‐friendly computationally efficient software implement the various models, particularly large data sets. We developed spAbundance R package fitting spatially explicit Bayesian single‐species multi‐species hierarchical distance sampling N‐mixture generalized linear mixed models. models within can autocorrelation using Nearest Neighbour Gaussian Processes accommodate correlations latent factor approach, which enables model sets with numbers sites and/or species. provide three vignettes case studies that highlight functionality. used density 16 bird Florida, USA, an black‐throated blue warbler ( Setophaga caerulescens ) New Hampshire, forest above‐ground biomass across continental USA. provides user‐friendly, formula‐based interface fit variety univariate multivariate serves useful tool ecologists conservation practitioners generate improved inference predictions on drivers populations communities.

Language: Английский

---

An ecosystem resilience index that integrates measures of vegetation function, structure, and composition

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 171, P. 113076 - 113076

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Spatial Distribution Patterns, Environmental Drivers, and Hotspot Dynamics of the European Rabbit on a Mediterranean Island: Implications for Conservation and Management

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 225 - 225

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) presents a significant conservation and management challenge in Greece. While it has been listed national biodiversity assessments, its population dynamics on the island of Lemnos demonstrate characteristics highly adaptable rapidly expanding species, exerting substantial ecological economic impacts. Addressing this issue requires spatially explicit understanding distribution patterns habitat preferences, particularly given extensive growth over past three decades. To end, we conducted 40 field surveys across island, documenting 1534 presence records species. We applied Kernel Density Estimation, Getis-Ord Gi *, Anselin Local Moran’s I to identify spatial hotspots. A lag model was used quantify hotspot intensity clustering dynamics, while abiotic, biotic, anthropogenic factors were analyzed assess associations. Our results revealed that hotspots are predominantly concentrated fertile lowland agroecosystems, with nearly 60% high-density areas overlapping zones. Soil conditions, grazing-supporting landscapes, arable subsidized agricultural emerged as predictors O. cuniculus presence. observed dependencies indicated intensities influenced by conditions neighboring areas, remain fundamental shaping their distribution, highlighting broader landscape-scale affecting populations. These findings underscore necessity adopting informed strategies mitigate impacts accounting for interconnected providing foundation decision-making manage populations balancing priorities.

Language: Английский

---

Nano-Sized and Filterable Bacteria and Archaea: Biodiversity and Function

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 21, 2018

Nano-sized and filterable microorganisms are thought to represent the smallest living organisms on earth characterized by their small size (50-400 nm) ability physically pass through <0.45 µm pore filters. They appear be ubiquitous in biosphere present at high abundance across a diverse range of habitats including oceans, rivers, soils subterranean bedrock. Small-sized detected culture-independent culture-dependent approaches, with most remaining uncultured uncharacterized both metabolic taxonomic levels. Consequently, significance ecological roles remain largely unknown. Successful isolation, however, has been achieved for some species (e.g. Nanoarchaeum equitans "Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique"). In many instances, small-sized exhibit significant genome reduction loss essential pathways required free-living lifestyle, making survival reliant other microbial community members. these cases, nano-sized prokaryotes can only co-cultured 'hosts'. This paper analyses recent data context diversity potential functions environment.

Language: Английский

---

Distance to trauma centres among gunshot wound victims: identifying trauma ‘deserts’ and ‘oases’ in Detroit

Injury Prevention, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(Suppl 1), P. i39 - i43

Published: June 3, 2019

Introduction Among the factors related to survival among individuals with gun shot wounds (GSW) is distance trauma care. Relatively little known about neighbourhood-level patterns of GSW mortality and hospitals centres. This study focuses on nearest centre as a correlate victims. Methods Fatal non-fatal shooting incident data for 9,205 victimisation in Detroit, Michigan between 2011 2017 were collected. A Bayesian conditional autoregressive model was utilised estimate block-group levels mortality. Clustering techniques used identify spatially proximate neighbourhoods higher or lower than expected rates Results Distance associated 22% increase fatal outcomes, per-mile (OR 1.22, 95% CI, 1.06 1.40) after adjusting level covariates. Getis-Ord G i * analysis identified 91 block groups 12 block-groups rates. Conclusion victim survival. Clusters below-average observed within close proximity major centres Detroit. Improving speed access care may play role reducing

Language: Английский

---

Effects of spatial autocorrelation and sampling design on estimates of protected area effectiveness

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34(6), P. 1452 - 1462

Published: April 28, 2020

Abstract Estimating the effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) in reducing deforestation is useful to support decisions on whether invest better management already or create new ones. Statistical matching commonly used assess this effectiveness, but spatial autocorrelation and regional differences protection are frequently overlooked. Using Colombia as a case study, we employed statistical account for confounding factors park location accounted determine significance. We compared performance different procedures—ways generating pairs at scales—in estimating PA effectiveness. Differences procedures affected covariate similarity between matched (balance) estimates deforestation. Independent yielded greatest balance. On average 95% variables each region were balanced with independent matching, whereas 33% when using method that performed worst. The best suggested inside was 40% lower than sites. Protection significantly reduced deforestation, differed among regions. Protected Caribe most effective, those Orinoco Pacific least effective. Our results demonstrate accounting subset data needed infer Not can distort assessment increasing type I II errors inflating effect size. allowed improved across scales under conditions be applied other regions effectively performance.

Language: Английский

---

Spatial-temporal patterns of malaria incidence in Uganda using HMIS data from 2015 to 2019

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

As global progress to reduce malaria transmission continues, it is increasingly important track changes in incidence rather than prevalence. Risk estimates for Africa have largely underutilized available health management information systems (HMIS) data monitor trends. This study uses national HMIS data, together with environmental and geographical assess spatial-temporal patterns of at facility catchment level Uganda, over a recent 5-year period.Data reported by 3446 facilities between July 2015 September 2019, was analysed. To the geographic accessibility network, AccessMod employed determine three-hour cost-distance around each facility. Using confirmed cases total population facility, an ecological Bayesian conditional autoregressive Poisson model fitted generate monthly posterior rate estimates, adjusted caregiver education, rainfall, land surface temperature, night-time light (an indicator urbanicity), vegetation index.An estimated 38.8 million (95% Credible Interval [CI]: 37.9-40.9) occurred period, mean 20.4 CI: 19.9-21.5) per 1000, ranging from 8.9 8.7-9.4) 36.6 35.7-38.5) across period. Strong seasonality observed, June-July experiencing highest peaks February-March lowest peaks. There also considerable heterogeneity incidence, relative risk during peak months 0 50.5 49.0-50.8) times higher average. Both districts catchments showed significant positive spatial autocorrelation; had Moran's I = 0.3 (p < 0.001) 0.4 0.001). Notably, clusters high-risk were concentrated Acholi, West Nile, Karamoja, East Central - Busoga regions.Findings clear countrywide clustering within high regions, which can facilitate targeting interventions those areas risk. Moreover, despite perennial transmission, highlights potential optimal timely implementation targeted interventions.

Language: Английский

---

The accuracy of phenology estimators for use with sparsely sampled presence‐only observations

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 1273 - 1285

Published: July 12, 2020

Abstract Phenology is one of the most immediate responses to global climate change, but data limitations have made examining phenology patterns across greater taxonomic, spatial and temporal scales challenging. One significant opportunity leveraging rapidly increasing resources from digitized museum specimens community science platforms, this assumes reliable statistical methods are available estimate using presence‐only data. Estimating onset or offset key events especially difficult with incidental data, as lower densities occur towards tails an abundance distribution. The Weibull distribution has been recognized appropriate based on Weibull‐informed estimators only for offset. We describe mathematical framework a new Weibull‐parameterized estimator any percentile make it in r package, phenesse . use simulations empirical open flower timing first arrival monarch butterflies quantify accuracy our other commonly used phenological 10 metrics: onset, mean dates, well 1st, 5th, 10th, 50th, 90th, 95th 99th dates. Root squared errors bias were calculated different observation processes. Results show general pattern decay performance estimates when moving seasonal curve, suggesting that continue be phenometrics estimate. However, simple phenologies enough observations, newly developed can provide useful estimates. This true start season, observations may more common. Our simulation demonstrates potential generating accurate guides best estimators. we developed, phenesse, least biased lowest estimation error under simulated conditions examined, improving robustness these research.

Language: Английский

---

A systematic review of empirical evidence for landscape-level fuel treatment effectiveness

Fire Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

Abstract Background Adverse effects of wildfires can be mitigated within fuel treatments, but empirical evidence their effectiveness across large areas is needed to guide design and implementation at the landscape level. We conducted a systematic literature review empirically based studies that tested influence landscape-level treatments on subsequent in North America over past 30 years evaluate how treatment type configuration affect wildfire behavior or enable more effective response. Results identified 2240 papers, only 26 met our inclusion criteria. Wildfire sizes ranged from 96 186,874 ha total treated area 8 53,423 ha. Total perimeter was highly correlated with ( r = 0.89, n 93 wildfires), average proportion 22%. All demonstrated changes boundaries (i.e., site-level effect), 12 provided outside effect). These papers showed fire severity, progression, extent, were dissimilar analysis approaches, constraining ability generalize about maximize effectiveness. Conclusions It clear state knowledge its infancy. This likely because vast challenges associated designing implementing sampling designs account for combinations spatial temporal configurations prior occurrence. also suspect part reason lacking distinction between not well recognized literature. used term landscape, rarely defined some specified identifying truly effects. Future research needs develop innovative ways interpret role level provide insight strategic approaches

Language: Английский

---