Post-2020 biodiversity targets need to embrace climate change

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(49), P. 30882 - 30891

Published: Dec. 7, 2020

Recent assessment reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Science-Policy Platform Biodiversity Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have highlighted risks to humanity arising from unsustainable use of natural resources. Thus far, land, freshwater, ocean exploitation been chief causes biodiversity loss. change is projected be a rapidly increasing additional driver for Since climate loss impact human societies everywhere, bold solutions are required that integrate environmental societal objectives. As yet, most existing international targets overlooked impacts. At same time, mitigation measures themselves may harm directly. The Convention Biological Diversity’s post-2020 framework offers important opportunity address interactions between revise accordingly better aligning these with United Nations Framework Paris Agreement Sustainable Development Goals. We identify considerable number proposed risk being severely compromised due change, even if other barriers their achievement were removed. Our analysis suggests next set explicitly addresses change-related since many aspirational goals will not feasible under lower-end projections future warming. Adopting more flexible dynamic approaches conservation, rather than static goals, would allow us respond flexibly changes in habitats, genetic resources, species composition, ecosystem functioning leverage biodiversity’s capacity contribute adaptation.

Language: Английский

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Combating ecosystem collapse from the tropics to the Antarctic

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 1692 - 1703

Published: Feb. 25, 2021

Abstract Globally, collapse of ecosystems—potentially irreversible change to ecosystem structure, composition and function—imperils biodiversity, human health well‐being. We examine the current state recent trajectories 19 ecosystems, spanning 58° latitude across 7.7 M km 2 , from Australia's coral reefs terrestrial Antarctica. Pressures global climate regional impacts, occurring as chronic ‘presses’ and/or acute ‘pulses’, drive collapse. Ecosystem responses 5–17 pressures were categorised four profiles—abrupt, smooth, stepped fluctuating. The manifestation widespread is a stark warning necessity take action. present three‐step assessment management framework (3As Pathway Awareness Anticipation Action ) aid strategic effective mitigation alleviate further degradation help secure our future.

Language: Английский

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The Ecology of Tropical East Asia

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 27, 2019

Abstract Tropical East Asia is home to over 1 billion people and faces massive human impacts from its rising population rapid economic growth. It has already lost more than half of forest cover the highest rates deforestation logging in tropics. Hunting trade wildlife products threaten all large many smaller vertebrates. Despite these problems, region still supports an estimated 15–25 per cent global terrestrial biodiversity thus a key focus for conservation. This book therefore deals with plants, animals, ecosystems they inhabit, as well diverse threats their survival options provides background knowledge region’s ecology needed by both specialists non-specialists put own work into broader context. The first edition was describe entire Asian tropics subtropics, southern China western Indonesia, second extended coverage include very similar Northeast India, Bangladesh, Bhutan. third updates contents gives prominence Anthropocene possible conservation responses. accessible style, comprehensive coverage, engaging illustrations make this advanced textbook essential read senior undergraduate graduate-level students studying tropics, authoritative reference professional ecologists, conservationists, interested amateurs worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 366(6471)

Published: Dec. 13, 2019

Measuring mitigation and adaptation As more carbon dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere, humans natural world are beset by damaging consequences of a rapidly changing climate. Natural seminatural ecosystems likely to be best starting place for immediate solutions. First, though, many environments need restoration maximize their own resilience climate change. In reviewing our options, Morecroft et al. point out that we can directly observe success strategies quantifying atmospheric dioxide. Successful challenging because it involves range social biodiversity measures. However, could make matters worse if do not constantly monitor effects interventions devise react flexibly as conditions unfold. Science , this issue p. eaaw9256

Language: Английский

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Navigating Ecological Transformation: Resist–Accept–Direct as a Path to a New Resource Management Paradigm

BioScience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 72(1), P. 16 - 29

Published: June 7, 2021

Abstract Natural resource managers worldwide face a growing challenge: Intensifying global change increasingly propels ecosystems toward irreversible ecological transformations. This nonstationarity challenges traditional conservation goals and human well-being. It also confounds longstanding management paradigm that assumes future reflects the past. As once-familiar conditions disappear, need new approach to guide decision-making. The resist–accept–direct (RAD) framework, designed for by managers, identifies options have responding helps them make informed, purposeful, strategic choices in this context. Moving beyond diversity complexity of myriad emerging frameworks, RAD is simple, flexible, decision-making tool encompasses entire decision space stewarding transforming ecosystems. Through shared application common approach, framework can help wider natural research community build robust, habits mind necessary new, twenty-first-century paradigm.

Language: Английский

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Persist in place or shift in space? Evaluating the adaptive capacity of species to climate change

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(9), P. 520 - 528

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Assessing the vulnerability of species to climate change serves as basis for climate‐adaptation planning and climate‐smart conservation, typically involves an evaluation exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity ( AC ). is a species’ ability cope with or adjust changing climatic conditions, least understood most inconsistently applied these three factors. We propose attribute‐based framework evaluating species, identifying two general classes responses: “persist in place” “shift space”. Persist‐in‐place attributes enable survive situ, whereas shift‐in‐space response emphasizes that facilitate tracking suitable bioclimatic conditions. provide guidance assessing demonstrate framework's application disparate life histories. Results illustrate broad utility this generalized informing adaptation guiding conservation rapidly climate.

Language: Английский

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Climate change and marine turtles: recent advances and future directions

Endangered Species Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 363 - 395

Published: Jan. 13, 2021

Climate change is a threat to marine turtles that expected affect all of their life stages. To guide future research, we conducted review the most recent literature on this topic, highlighting knowledge gains and research gaps since similar previous in 2009. Most has been focussed terrestrial history phase, where impacts will range from habitat loss decreased reproductive success feminization populations, but changes periodicity, shifts latitudinal ranges, foraging are phase. Models have proposed improve estimates primary sex ratios, while technological advances promise better understanding how climate can influence different stages habitats. We suggest number priorities for an improved may impact turtles, including: assessments implications female-biased ratios reduced male production, variability upper thermal limits clutches, models beach sediment movement under sea level rise, grounds. Lastly, it not yet possible recommend manipulating aspects turtle nesting ecology, as evidence base with which understand results such interventions robust enough, strategies mitigation stressors should be helpful, providing they consider synergistic effects other anthropogenic-induced threats focus increasing resilience.

Language: Английский

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Europe

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1817 - 1928

Published: June 22, 2023

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Language: Английский

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Reassessment of the risks of climate change for terrestrial ecosystems

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 888 - 900

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Abstract Forecasting the risks of climate change for species and ecosystems is necessary developing targeted conservation strategies. Previous risk assessments mapped exposure global land surface to changes in climate. However, this procedure unlikely robustly identify priority areas actions because nonlinear physiological responses colimitation processes ensure that ecological will not map perfectly forecast climatic changes. Here, we combine ecophysiological growth models 135,153 vascular plant growth-form information transform ambient future climatologies into phytoclimates, which describe ability climates support forms characterize terrestrial ecosystems. We 33% 68% experience a significant phytoclimate by 2070 under representative concentration pathways RCP 2.6 8.5, respectively. Phytoclimates without present-day analogue are emerge on 0.3–2.2% 0.1–1.3% currently realized phytoclimates disappear. Notably, geographic pattern change, disappearance novelty differs markedly from analogous trends detected previous studies, thereby defining new priorities highlighting limits using untransformed indices assessments. Our findings suggest profound transformation biosphere underway emphasize need timely adaptation biodiversity management practices.

Language: Английский

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Interventions to help coral reefs under global change—A complex decision challenge

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. e0236399 - e0236399

Published: Aug. 26, 2020

Climate change is impacting coral reefs now. Recent pan-tropical bleaching events driven by unprecedented global heat waves have shifted the playing field for reef management and policy. While best-practice conventional remains essential, it may no longer be enough to sustain under continued climate change. Nor will mitigation sufficient on its own. Committed warming projected decline means solutions must involve a portfolio of mitigation, coordinated restoration adaptation measures involving new perhaps radical interventions, including local regional cooling shading, assisted evolution, gene flow, support enhance recruitment. We propose that proactive research development expand toolbox fast but safely, combined with expedient trialling promising interventions now urgently needed, whatever emissions trajectory world follows. discuss challenges opportunities embracing in race against time, their risks uncertainties. Ultimately, challenge require consideration what society wants, can achieved technically economically, we action rapidly closing window. Finding work people exceptional levels coordination science, policy, open engagement society. It also compromise, because despite our best interventions. argue being clear about society's priorities, understanding both come an expanded toolset, help us make most challenging situation. offer conceptual model managers frame decision problems objectives, guide effective strategy choices face complexity uncertainty.

Language: Английский

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