Biogeochemical extremes and compound events in the ocean

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 600(7889), P. 395 - 407

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Climate change and the global redistribution of biodiversity: substantial variation in empirical support for expected range shifts

Environmental Evidence, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: April 11, 2023

Among the most widely predicted climate change-related impacts to biodiversity are geographic range shifts, whereby species shift their spatial distribution track niches. A series of commonly articulated hypotheses have emerged in scientific literature suggesting expected distributions higher latitudes, greater elevations, and deeper depths response rising temperatures associated with change. Yet, many not demonstrating shifts consistent these expectations. Here, we evaluate impact anthropogenic change (specifically, changes temperature precipitation) on species' ranges, assess whether supported by body empirical evidence.

Language: Английский

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Linking evolutionary potential to extinction risk: applications and future directions

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(9), P. 507 - 515

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Extinction‐risk assessments play a major role in prioritizing conservation action at national and international levels. However, quantifying extinction risk is challenging, especially when including the full suite of adaptive responses to environmental change. In particular, evolutionary potential (EP) – capacity evolve genetically based changes that increase fitness under changing conditions has proven difficult evaluate, limiting its inclusion assessments. Theory, experiments, simulations, field studies all highlight importance EP characterizing mitigating risk. Disregarding can therefore result ineffective allocation resources inadequate recovery planning. Fortunately, proxies for be estimated from environmental, phenotypic, genetic data. Some incorporated into quantitative extinction‐risk assessments, whereas others better inform basic actions maximize resilience future Integration decision making challenging but essential remains an important issue innovation applied science. Front Ecol Environ 2022;

Language: Английский

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Monitoring of species’ genetic diversity in Europe varies greatly and overlooks potential climate change impacts

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 267 - 281

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Abstract Genetic monitoring of populations currently attracts interest in the context Convention on Biological Diversity but needs long-term planning and investments. However, genetic diversity has been largely neglected biodiversity monitoring, when addressed, it is treated separately, detached from other conservation issues, such as habitat alteration due to climate change. We report an accounting efforts monitor population Europe (genetic effort, GME), evaluation which can help guide future capacity building collaboration towards areas most need expanded monitoring. Overlaying GME with where ranges selected species approach current niche limits helps identify whether coincides anticipated change effects biodiversity. Our analysis suggests that country area, financial resources policy influence GME, high values only partially match species’ joint patterns suitable climatic conditions. Populations at trailing margins probably hold important for adaptation changing climate. results illuminate investment across gradients occupied by focal species, a arguably greatest southeastern European countries. This could be met part expanding Union’s Birds Habitats Directives fully address diversity.

Language: Английский

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Plant dispersal syndromes are unreliable, especially for predicting zoochory and long‐distance dispersal

Oikos, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2022(2)

Published: June 24, 2021

Plant dispersal syndromes are allocated based on diaspore morphology and used to predict the dominant mechanisms of dispersal. Many authors assume that only angiosperms with endozoochory, epizoochory or anemochory have a long‐distance (LDD) mechanism. Too much faith is often placed in classical explain historical events future ones. What usually recorded as ‘endozoochory syndrome' reality ‘frugivory this has diverted attention from endozoochory by non‐frugivores (e.g. waterbirds large herbivores) disperse broad range angiosperms, for which they likely provide maximum distances. Neither nor helpful predictions plants disperse, We combined data previous studies show 4% European plant species dispersed ungulate belong corresponding syndrome, compared 36% 8% migratory ducks. In contrast, proportions these assigned an ‘unassisted 37, 31 28%, respectively. Since do not adequately account zoochory, empirical fail find expected relationship between LDD such those underlying colonization islands latitudinal migration rates. need full incorporation existing zoochory into databases, more research traits frequency effectiveness different (paying unexpected vectors). Acknowledging role facilitating crucial improve consequences global change, how distributions respond climate alien spread. Networks interactions vertebrates vital but understudied part Web Life.

Language: Английский

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Climate and land-use changes interact to drive long-term reorganization of riverine fish communities globally

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(27)

Published: June 21, 2021

As climate change unfolds, changes in population dynamics and species distribution ranges are expected to fundamentally reshuffle communities worldwide. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms extent community reorganization remains elusive. This is particularly true riverine systems, which simultaneously exposed changing temperature streamflow, where land-use continues be major driver biodiversity loss. Here, we use most compilation fish abundance time series date provide global synthesis climate- LU-induced effects on biota with respect thermal streamflow affinities. We demonstrate that increasingly dominated by thermophilic (warm-water) limnophilic (slow-water) species. Despite being consistent trends water observed over recent decades, these appear largely decoupled from each other show wide spatial variation. further reveal synergy among land use-related drivers, such thermophilization heightened more human-modified systems. Importantly, experience flow regimes approach or exceed their tolerance thresholds (high sensitivity), as well species-poor (low resilience), also display faster rates compositional change. research illustrates quantifying vulnerability systems requires broadening narrower focus integrative approaches account for spatially varying multifaceted sensitivity organisms interactive temperature, hydrology, anthropogenic changes.

Language: Английский

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RAD Adaptive Management for Transforming Ecosystems

BioScience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 72(1), P. 45 - 56

Published: July 27, 2021

Abstract Intensifying global change is propelling many ecosystems toward irreversible transformations. Natural resource managers face the complex task of conserving these important resources under unprecedented conditions and expanding uncertainty. As once familiar ecological disappear, traditional management approaches that assume future will reflect past are becoming increasingly untenable. In present article, we place adaptive within resist–accept–direct (RAD) framework to assist informed risk taking for transforming ecosystems. This approach empowers use techniques associated with in unfamiliar territory ecosystem transformation. By providing a common lexicon, it gives decision makers agency revisit objectives, consider new system trajectories, discuss RAD strategies relation current state direction change. Operationalizing requires periodic review update actions objectives; monitoring, experimentation, pilot studies; bet hedging better identify tolerate risks.

Language: Английский

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R–R–T (resistance–resilience–transformation) typology reveals differential conservation approaches across ecosystems and time

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Jan. 14, 2021

Abstract Conservation practices during the first decade of millennium predominantly focused on resisting changes and maintaining historical or current conditions, but ever-increasing impacts from climate change have highlighted need for transformative action. However, little empirical evidence exists what kinds conservation actions aimed specifically at adaptation are being implemented in practice, let alone how these are. In response, we propose trial a novel typology—the R–R–T scale, which improves existing concepts Resistance, Resilience, Transformation—that enables practical application contested terms assessment whether to extent shift toward action is occurring. When applying scale case study 104 projects funded since 2011, find trend towards transformation that varies across ecosystems. Our results reveal perceptions about acceptance interventions principle beginning be expressed practice.

Language: Английский

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Recent range shifts of moths, butterflies, and birds are driven by the breadth of their climatic niche

Evolution Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 89 - 100

Published: March 12, 2023

Abstract Species are altering their ranges as a response to climate change, but the magnitude and direction of observed range shifts vary considerably among species. The ability persist in current areas colonize new plays crucial role determining which species will thrive decline change progresses. Several studies have sought identify characteristics, such morphological life-history traits, that could explain differences capability shift together with changing climate. These characteristics explained variation only sporadically, thus offering an uncertain tool for discerning responses As long-term selection past climates shaped species’ tolerances, metrics describing contemporary climatic niches may provide alternative means understanding on-going change. occur broader conditions hold greater tolerance variability therefore more readily maintain historical ranges, while narrow tolerances if they able space track niche. Here, we first-filter test effect niche dimensions on leading edges three relatively well-dispersing groups. Based realized changes northern 383 moth, butterfly, bird across boreal 1,100 km latitudinal gradient over c. 20 years, show most or traits were not strongly connected shifts, moths birds occupying narrower thermal butterflies moisture European distribution stronger towards north. Our results indicate be important predicting under warrants further investigation potential mechanistic underpinnings.

Language: Английский

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The effects of climate change on the ecology of fishes

PLOS Climate, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(8), P. e0000258 - e0000258

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Ocean warming and acidification are set to reshuffle life on Earth alter ecological processes that underpin the biodiversity, health, productivity, resilience of ecosystems. Fishes contribute significantly marine, estuarine, freshwater species diversity functioning marine ecosystems, not immune climate change impacts. Whilst considerable effort has been placed studying effects fishes, much emphasis their (eco)physiology at organismal level. affected by through impacts various levels biological organisation a large variety traits, making it difficult make generalisations regarding fish responses change. Here, we briefly review current state knowledge fishes across wide range subfields ecology evaluate these scales (from genes ecosystems). We argue more holistic synthesis interconnected integration different needed for better understanding how populations communities might respond or adapt multi-stressor postulate studies using natural analogues change, meta-analyses, advanced integrative modelling approaches, lessons learned from past extreme events could help reveal some general patterns valuable management conservation approaches. many underlying mechanisms responsible observed biodiversity community insights useful create adaptation strategies preservation in rapidly changing ocean.

Language: Английский

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