Predation landscapes influence migratory prey ecology and evolution

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(8), P. 737 - 749

Published: May 13, 2021

Language: Английский

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Resource exploitation efficiency collapses the home range of an apex predator

Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 103(5)

Published: Jan. 23, 2022

Abstract Optimizing energy acquisition and expenditure is a fundamental trade‐off for consumers, strikingly reflected in how mobile organisms use space. Several studies have established that home range size decreases as resource density increases, but the balance of costs benefits associated with exploiting given unclear. We evaluate ability consumers to exploit their resources through movement (termed “resource exploitation”) interacts influence size. then contrast two hypotheses exploitation influences across vast gradient productivity human‐created linear features (roads seismic lines) are known facilitate animal movements. Under Diffusion Facilitation Hypothesis, predicted lead more diffuse space larger ranges. Exploitation Efficiency increase foraging efficiency, resulting less being required meet energetic demands therefore smaller Using GPS telemetry data from 142 wolves ( Canis lupus ) distributed over than 500,000 km 2 , we found wolf was influenced by interaction between efficiency. Home decreased feature increased, supporting Hypothesis. However, effect on diminished productive areas, suggesting efficiency greater importance when low. These results suggest ranges will occur where both primary higher, thereby increasing regional density.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the impact of caribou habitat restoration on predator and prey movement

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(2)

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Fragmentation of the boreal forest by linear features, including seismic lines, has destabilized predator-prey dynamics, resulting in decline woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations. Restoration human-altered habitat therefore been identified as a critical management tool for achieving self-sustaining However, only recently testing response and other wildlife to restoration activities conducted. Early work centered around assessing changes use restored lines. We evaluated whether reduces movement rates predators their associated prey, which is expected decrease predator hunting efficiency ultimately reduce mortality. developed new method using cameras measure fine-scale measuring speed animals traveled between an array. used our quantify caribou, moose (Alces alces), bears (Ursus americanus), wolves (Canis lupus) on treated (restored) untreated treatments reduced travel speeds along lines 1.38 km/h, 0.55 1.57 but did not speeds. Reduced are predicted encounter thus lower kill rates. further needed determine result with mortality.La fragmentación del bosque causado por los accidentes lineales, incluyendo las líneas sísmicas, ha desestabilizado dinámicas depredador-presa, lo que resulta en la declinación de poblaciones caribú caribou). Por esto, restauración hábitat con alteraciones antropogénicas sido identificada como una herramienta fundamental gestión para obtener autosuficientes esta especie. Sin embargo, no es hasta hace poco se analizado respuesta y otras especies actividades restauración; primeros trabajos centraban analizar cambios el uso les daban sísmicas restauradas. Evaluamos si tasas movimiento depredadores sus presas asociadas, cuales esperan disminuyan eficiencia caza último reduzcan mortalidad caribú. Desarrollamos un nuevo método usar cámaras medir detallado mediante medición velocidad animales trasladan largo serie cámaras. Usamos nuestro cuantificar caribú, alces osos americanus) lobos tratadas (restauradas) tratadas. Los tratamientos redujeron (reducción km/hora), (0.55 km/hora) (1.57 pero afectaron alces. Se pronostica reducción sobre disminuye proporción encuentros entre y, tanto, muertes necesita análisis más profundo determinar tasa reducida si, último, esto caribú.包括地震测线在内的线性特征对北方森林的破碎化破坏了捕食者-猎物动态的稳定性, 导致北美驯鹿(Rangifer caribou)种群的减少。因此, 恢复人为改变的栖息地已被认为是实现北美驯鹿种群自我维持的关键管理工具。然而, 直到最近才有研究测试了驯鹿及其他野生动物对恢复活动的响应;早期的工作主要是评估野生动物对恢复的地震测线的使用变化。本研究评估了恢复活动是否降低了捕食者及其猎物的移动速度, 这预计会降低捕食者的捕食效率, 并最终降低驯鹿的死亡率。我们开发了一种新的方法, 通过计算动物在红外相机阵列中的移动速度, 来用相机测量精细尺度的运动。我们用该方法量化了驯鹿、驼鹿(Alces alces)、美洲黑熊(Ursus americanus)和狼(Canis lupus)在处理(恢复)和未处理的地震测线上的速度。恢复处理使狼沿地震测线的移动速度降低了1.38千米/时, 熊降低了0.55千米/时, 驯鹿降低了1.57千米/时, 但没有降低驼鹿的移动速度。预计在恢复处理的地震测线上降低捕食者和驯鹿的速度会减少捕食者和驯鹿之间的相遇概率, 从而降低驯鹿的死亡率。然而, 还需要进一步的工作来确定降低移动速率是否会降低与猎物相遇概率, 并最终降低驯鹿的死亡率。【翻译:胡怡思;审校:聂永刚】.

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Predicting the effects of restoring linear features on woodland caribou populations

Ecological Modelling, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 416, P. 108891 - 108891

Published: Dec. 2, 2019

Language: Английский

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Habitat loss on seasonal migratory range imperils an endangered ungulate

Ecological Solutions and Evidence, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Abstract 1. Endangered species policies and their associated recovery documents management actions do not always sufficiently address the importance of migratory behaviour seasonal ranges for imperilled populations. 2. Using a telemetry location dataset spanning 1981–2018, we tested changes in prevalence tactics (resident, migrant) over time, switching between tactics, shifts space use including migration corridors, survival consequences migrant resident 237 adult female endangered woodland mountain caribou one population western Canada. 3. Over more than three decades, proportion individuals displaying annual to low elevation forested winter range declined from nearly 100%–38%. Correspondingly, there was strong switch away being year‐round residents at high elevation. 4. These behavioural corresponded abandonment association with increasing levels anthropogenic land uses, forestry oil gas developments. Furthermore, were no identifiable corridors target route protection. 5. translated lower rates, particularly demonstrating consistent recent declines population. That migrants switched residency largely undisturbed summer range, despite survival, indicates maladaptive habitat selection patterns extirpations. 6. Globally, plans often explicitly consider challenge protecting species. Effective conservation requires critical habitats needed entire life history species, all habitat.

Language: Английский

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Multiple lines of evidence for predator and prey responses to caribou habitat restoration

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 256, P. 109032 - 109032

Published: March 4, 2021

Language: Английский

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Interspecific interactions disrupted by roads

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(3), P. 1121 - 1139

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Roads have pervasive impacts on wildlife, including habitat loss and fragmentation, road mortality, pollution increased human use of habitats surrounding them. However, the effects roads interspecific interactions are less understood. Here we provide a synthesis existing literature how species may be disrupted by roads, identify knowledge gaps, suggest avenues for future research conservation management. We conducted systematic search using Web Science database each interaction (predation, competition, mutualism, parasitism, commensalism amensalism). These searches yielded 2144 articles, which 195 were relevant to our topic. Most these studies focused predation (50%) or competition (24%), frequently mutualism (17%) or, parasitism (9%). found no amensalism. Studies biased towards mammals from high-income countries, with most in USA (34%) Canada (18%). Our review identified several patterns. First, disrupt predator-prey relationships, usually negative prey populations. Second, new disturbed created corridors often benefit more competitive species, such as invasive although some native endangered can also thrive there. Third, degrade mutualistic like seed dispersal pollination. Fourth, increase rates, intensity alteration is specific. To reduce interactions, following management actions: (i) verges should wide heterogenous possible, this increases microhabitat diversity, thus enhancing ecosystem services pollination dispersal; (ii) combining different mowing regimes complexity corridor, enabling it act species; (iii) de-icing salts gradually reduced replaced harmful products maintenance practices; (iv) wildlife passes implemented groups animal concentrations inside them; (v) periodic removal carcasses resource wildlife; (vi) implementation traffic-calming schemes could enhance avoid disruption relationships.

Language: Английский

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Multispecies modelling reveals potential for habitat restoration to re‐establish boreal vertebrate community dynamics

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 58(12), P. 2821 - 2832

Published: Sept. 7, 2021

Abstract The restoration of habitats degraded by industrial disturbance is essential for achieving conservation objectives in disturbed landscapes. In boreal ecosystems, disturbances from seismic exploration lines and other linear features have adversely affected biodiversity, most notably leading to declines threatened woodland caribou. Large‐scale needed, yet empirical assessments effectiveness on wildlife communities remain rare. We used 73 camera trap deployments 2015 2019 joint species distribution models investigate how habitat use the larger vertebrate community (>0.2 kg) responded variation key line characteristics (line‐of‐sight, width, density mounding) following treatments a landscape oil gas development northeastern Alberta. proportion explained was low comparison type season, suggesting short‐term responses were relatively weak. However, we found that with consistent restored conditions predicted support an altered composition, reduced wolf coyote, thereby indicating will result contact rates between caribou these predators. Synthesis applications . Our analysis provides framework assess predict emerging efforts. With growing importance species, recommend longer‐term monitoring combined landscape‐scale comparisons different approaches more fully understand direct critical investments. Only combining rigorous multispecies large‐scale restoration, effectively conserve biodiversity within rapidly changing environments.

Language: Английский

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Native prey, not landscape change or novel prey, drive cougar (Puma concolor) distribution at a boreal forest range edge

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Many large carnivores, despite widespread habitat alteration, are rebounding in parts of their former ranges after decades persecution and exploitation. Cougars ( Puma concolor ) apex predator with remaining northern core range constricted to mountain landscapes areas western North America; however, cougar populations have recently started several locations across America, including northward boreal forest landscapes. A camera‐trap survey multiple Alberta, Canada, delineated a edge; within this region, we deployed an array 47 camera traps random stratified design landscape spanning gradient anthropogenic development relative the predicted expansion front. We completed hypotheses information‐theoretic framework determine if occurrence is best explained by natural land cover features, or competitor prey activity. that features from resource extraction invading white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virgianius explain distribution at edge. Counter our predictions, activity native prey, predominantly snowshoe hare Lepus americanus ), was predictor Small‐bodied items particularly important for female sub‐adult cougars may support breeding individuals northeast forest. Also, counter there not strong relationship detected between gray wolf Canis lupus However, further investigation recommended as possibility into multi‐prey system, where wolves been controlled, could negative consequences conservation goals region (e.g. recovery woodland caribou [ Rangifer tarandus ]). Our study highlights need monitor contemporary distributions inform management objectives carnivores recover America.

Language: Английский

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Wildlife forage cover and composition on pipeline corridors in Alberta: Implications for wildlife conservation

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 468, P. 118189 - 118189

Published: May 7, 2020

Language: Английский

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