COVID-19 and the Concept of Thrombo-Inflammation: Review of the Relationship between Immune Response, Endothelium and Coagulation

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(23), P. 7245 - 7245

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has revealed a complex interplay between inflammation and coagulation, leading to emergence of concept thrombo-inflammation. This recognizes that COVID-19 is not solely respiratory illness, but systemic disease with significant vascular hematological components. associated an unusual prothrombotic state, intense endothelial activation vasculopathy, cytokine storm, complement system hypercoagulability state (the platelets coagulation cascade, impaired fibrinolysis). The aim this review discuss different pathological pathways described in lead thromboembolic events. Widespread vaccination post-COVID-19 immunization allows control over severity pandemic. A better understanding pathophysiology can improve management frail patients who are hospitalized intensive care units.

Language: Английский

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Ribociclib leverages phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition in the treatment of neutrophilic inflammation and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 229 - 243

Published: March 27, 2024

Overwhelming neutrophil activation and oxidative stress significantly contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pathogenesis. However, the potential of repurposing ribociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor used clinically in cancer treatment, for treating neutrophilic ARDS remains uncertain. This study illustrated ability underlying mechanism ribociclib inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Integrated Bioinformatics Exploration and Preliminary Clinical Verification for the Identification of Crucial Biomarkers in Severe Cases of COVID-19

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 17, P. 1561 - 1576

Published: March 1, 2024

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious illness caused by severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The objective of this study to identify reliable and accurate biomarkers for the early stratification severity, crucial aspect that currently lacking impending phases next COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In study, we identified important module hub genes related clinical using differentially expressed (DEGs) screening combing weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in dataset GSE213313. We further screened confirmed these another two new independent datasets (GSE172114 GSE157103). order evaluate key genes' stability robustness diagnosing or predicting progression illness, used RT-PCR validation selected blood samples obtained from hospitalized patients. Results: A total 968 52 DEGs were between patients normal people, critical non-critical patients, respectively. Then, WGCNA, 10 modules constructed. Among them, blue positively associated with clinic severity COVID-19. From overlapped section module, 12 intersected common differential obtained. Subsequently, validated as well 9 showed highly correlation severity. Finally, mRNA expression levels tested cases, there was increased MCEMP1, ANXA3, CD177 , SCN9A . particular, MCEMP1 which suggested an unfavorable development frustrating prognosis. Conclusion: Using comprehensive bioinformatical samples, four major candidate genes, are essential diagnosis Keywords: COVID-19, neutrophil

Language: Английский

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Smoking and vaping alter genes related to mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and severity

European Respiratory Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 64(1), P. 2400133 - 2400133

Published: July 1, 2024

Background Evidence for the impact of smoking on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is contradictory, and there little research vaping. Here we provide greater clarity mechanisms perturbed by tobacco cigarette, electronic cigarette nicotine exposures that may risks infection and/or severity. Methods Following Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, Ovid Web Science databases were searched. Study design exposure-induced gene expression changes extracted. Each study was quality assessed higher confidence scores assigned to genes consistently changed across multiple studies following same exposure. These used explore pathways significantly altered Results 125 provided data 480 exposure cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Genes involved in both SARS-CoV-2 viral-entry inflammation Pathway analysis revealed many those with high are common cellular processes relating hyperinflammatory immune responses. Conclusion Exposure e-cigarettes therefore initial host–pathogen interactions Smokers vapers could potentially be at increased risk infection, associated cytokine storm, distress syndrome. However, further required, particularly determine biological perturbation subsequent responses within tract. This will improve our physiological understanding vaping COVID-19, informing public health advice providing improved guidance management other viruses.

Language: Английский

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Immunothrombotic involvement in COVID-19

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 335 - 352

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Cell-cell crosstalk in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Tissue Barriers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are the result of an exaggerated inflammatory response triggered by a variety pulmonary systemic insults. The tissues comprised cell types, including alveolar epithelial cells, vascular endothelial macrophages, neutrophils, others. There is mounting evidence that these diverse populations within interact to regulate inflammation in both direct indirect stimuli. aim this review provide summary discussion recent advances understanding importance cell-cell crosstalk pathogenesis ALI/ARDS, with specific focus on interactions may offer prospective therapeutic avenues for ALI/ARDS.

Language: Английский

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4‐O‐Methylglucuronoxylan from Hygrophila Ringens var. Ringens Seeds: Chemical Composition and Anti‐Inflammatory Activity

Macromolecular Bioscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Abstract Hygrophila ringens var. is a medicinal plant of the Acanthaceae family. A soluble polysaccharide extracted from H. seeds using warm water, followed by deproteinization and purification column chromatography. DL1 characterized comprehensively spectroscopic chromatographic techniques identified as polymer containing xylose (Xyl; 78.5%) 4‐ O ‐methyl‐ d ‐glucuronic acid (4‐ ‐MeGlcA; 21.5 %). The most prominent glycosidic linkages detected are terminal‐xylose (T‐Xyl); 1,2,3,4‐Xyl p ; 1,2,4‐Xyl T‐4‐ ‐MeGlcA. belongs to xylan group ‐methylglucuronoxylan. exhibits inhibition bovine serum albumin denaturation with IC 50 values 0.35 mg mL −1 similar activity diclofenac (non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug). In model lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated macrophages, (20–40 µg ) strongly inhibits inflammatory cytokines reactive oxygen species release without having significant macrophage cytotoxicity. inhibitory effect on mediated activation mitogen‐activated protein kinases inhibiting phosphorylation p38 extracellular signal‐regulated kinase. These results highlight potential for treating inflammation through its cytokine‐suppressive activity.

Language: Английский

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Circulating levels of PADs and citrullinated histone H3 in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Influence of genetic polymorphisms

Clinica Chimica Acta, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 120180 - 120180

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Innovative nanoparticle-based approaches for modulating neutrophil extracellular traps in diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutics

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) participate in both host defense and the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as infections, thrombosis, tumors. While they help capture eliminate pathogens, NETs' excessive or dysregulated formation can lead to tissue damage disease progression. Therapeutic strategies targeting NET modulation have shown potential, but challenges remain, particularly achieving precise drug delivery maintaining stability. Nanoparticle (NP)-based systems offer innovative solutions for overcoming limitations conventional therapies. This review explores biological mechanisms formation, their interactions with NPs, therapeutic applications NP-based modulating NETs. We discuss how NPs be designed either promote inhibit provide a comprehensive analysis potential treating NET-related diseases. Additionally, we address current future prospects therapies research, aiming bridge gap between nanotechnology development novel approaches.

Language: Английский

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A machine learning model for predicting acute respiratory distress syndrome risk in patients with sepsis using circulating immune cell parameters: a retrospective study

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 21, 2025

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe complication associated with high mortality rate in patients sepsis. Early identification of sepsis at risk developing ARDS crucial for timely intervention, optimization treatment strategies, and improvement clinical outcomes. However, traditional prediction methods are often insufficient. This study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) model predict the using circulating immune cell parameters other physiological data. Clinical data from 10,559 were obtained MIMIC-IV database. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used dimensionality reduction comprehensively evaluate models' predictive capabilities, we several ML algorithms, including decision trees, k-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression, naive Bayes, random forests, neural networks, XGBoost, support vector machines (SVM) risk. The performance assessed area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) interpret contribution individual features predictions. Among all models, XGBoost showed best an AUC 0.764. Feature importance revealed that mean arterial pressure, monocyte count, neutrophil pH, platelet count key predictors SHAP provided further information on how these contributed model's predictions, aiding interpretability potential applications. accurately predicted could be useful tool early high-risk intervention; however, validation integration into practice required.

Language: Английский

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