Environmental Quality Management,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(4), P. 357 - 363
Published: Aug. 9, 2023
Abstract
The
current
investigation
uses
biodiesel
extracted
from
Moringa
oleifera
seeds
in
a
diesel
engine.
M.
is
prepared
via
conventional
transesterification
with
standard
conditions
(60°C
reaction
temperature,
120
min
time,
1%
by
wt.
catalyst,
and
7.5:1
molar
ratio).
test
engine
single‐cylinder
air‐cooled
naturally
aspirated
direct
injection
for
experimentation
operated
at
100%
load
different
speeds
ranging
1000
to
2400
rpm.
Emissions
characteristics
were
analyzed
speeds.
Results
interesting
as
the
MB10
blend
(10%
+
90%
diesel)
lowered
smoke
24%
hydrocarbon
10.34%
respect
neat
diesel.
Almost
all
fuels
have
higher
HC
profiles
reduced
MB20
CO
profile
of
fuel
about
0.84%.
However,
it
can
be
observed
that
blend's
average
improved
1.97%
than
mineral
These
results
are
compromised
NO
x
2.4%
8.9%,
respectively.
International Journal of Energy Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
2023, P. 1 - 11
Published: April 17, 2023
It
is
very
important
to
determine
the
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbon
(PAH)
emissions
caused
by
use
of
renewable
fuels
in
diesel
engines
and
know
possible
damages.
This
study
investigates
(regulated
unregulated)
biodiesel/n-pentanol
mixtures,
which
are
free
content,
with
emphasis
on
PAH
formation
an
examination
toxicity
public
health
environment.
Engine
failures
wetstacking
also
discussed.
Biodiesel/n-pentanol
fuel
mixtures
alcohol
concentrations
5%,
20%,
35%
volume
(v/v)
served
as
test
a
compression
ignition
engine.
A
five-gas
analyzer
was
used
measure
(HC),
carbon
monoxide
(CO),
nitrogen
oxide
(NOx)
emissions.
Polycyclic
hydrocarbons
were
detected
measured
using
gas
chromatography-mass
spectrometry
(GC-MS).
Against
baseline
fuel,
blends
neat
biodiesel
reduced
NOx
produced
significantly
fewer
PAHs
toxicity,
confirming
significance
content
fuel.
Biodiesel
total
48.02%
addition
5%
n-pentanol
further
decreased
21.26%.
The
(BaPeq
(benzo[a]pyrene
equivalent))
result
83.49%
less
than
diesel.
59.15%,
57.89%,
48.33%
for
BPen5,
BPen20,
BPen35
blends,
respectively.
In
addition,
shown
be
effective
reducing
emissions,
well
heavier
PAHs,
have
greater
carcinogenicity
pose
likelihood
engine
damage
from
when
running
low-load
conditions
at
cold
temperatures.
Energy & Fuels,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(22), P. 21735 - 21792
Published: Nov. 1, 2024
Polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAHs)
are
formed
invariably
through
oxidative
and
pyrolytic
degradation
of
organic
materials
fuels.
Understanding
the
highly
complex
reaction
mechanisms
that
dictate
their
synthesis
in
thermal
systems
has
been
given
a
great
deal
focus.
Such
interest
stems
from
two
broad
perspectives,
namely,
enhancing
efficiency
combustion
system,
energy
recovery
fuels
protecting
environment.
Health
environmental
effects
widely
vary
among
PAHs
where
certain
compounds
exhibit
carcinogenic
tendencies.
This
critical
review
mainly
aims
to
provide
general
mechanistic
view
commonly
discussed
formation
pathways
PAHs.
The
attained
knowledge
often
incorporates
experimental
measurements
kinetic
modelings,
as
well
mapped
out
by
quantum
chemical
calculations.
A
sampling
species
is
typically
conducted
via
molecular
beam
(MB)–mass
spectroscopy
(MS)
technique
connected
reactor
(flow
reactor,
jet-stirred
or
shock
tube).
Generally,
PAH
precursors
encompass
four
categories
(radicals
molecules):
acetylenic
compounds,
alkyl
radicals,
phenyl
resonance-stabilized
cyclic
radicals.
Overall,
relevance
mechanism
depends
on
consistency
between
proposed
model
pathways,
profiles
products
at
investigated
conditions
(i.e.,
temperatures,
pressures,
distance
burners).
effect
seeding
common
precursors,
with
other
explored
surveying
pertinent
studies.
Growth
higher
PAHs,
including
toxic
pyrene,
most
likely
involves
hydrogen
abstraction
acetylene
addition
(HACA)-like
starting
anthracene
bimolecular
reactions
involve
benzyl
radicals
indene
molecules.
synergistic
collaboration
different
suggested
account
for
observed
fast
growth
rate
As
experimentally
shown,
sequential
mass
15
u,
24
26
74
indicate
routes
MAC,
HACA,
HAVA*,
PAC
routes,
respectively.
Whether
physical
process
initial
step
conversion
into
soot
(the
inception
step)
still
debated
literature.
Recent
evidence
underscores
commence
creating
dimers
clustering
under
real
flame
400–1200
K).
Formation
synthetic
natural
polymers
ensues
condensation
fragments
structural
arrangements
polymeric
entities,
prior
fragmentation.
surveyed
presented
this
will
be
useful
readers
who
aim
comprehend
chemistry
underlying
systems.
Toxics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(8), P. 695 - 695
Published: Aug. 11, 2023
To
obtain
a
comprehensive
understanding
about
that
occurrence,
sources,
and
effects
on
human
health
of
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAHs)
in
road
environmental
samples
from
Harbin,
concentrations
32
PAHs
dust,
green
belt
soil,
parking
lot
dust
were
quantified.
The
total
PAH
ranged
0.95
to
40.7
μg/g
0.39
43.9
respectively,
dominated
by
high
molecular
weight
(HMW-PAHs).
Despite
the
content
arterial
roads
being
higher,
composition
profile
was
hardly
influenced
types.
For
range
0.81-190
μg/g,
three-ring
five-ring
produced
maximum
contribution.
Compared
with
surface
lots
(mean:
6.12
μg/g),
higher
detected
underground
33.1
μg/g).
diagnostic
ratios
showed
petroleum,
petroleum
combustion,
biomass/coal
combustion
major
sources
samples.
Furthermore,
according
Incremental
Lifetime
Cancer
Risk
model,
cancer
risks
three
kinds
for
adults
children
above
threshold
(10-6).
Overall,
this
study
demonstrated
environment
Harbin
have
certain
impact
local
citizens.
