Policy responses and public reactions to risks DOI Open Access
Nils C. Bandelow, Johanna Hornung, Ilana Schröder

et al.

Review of Policy Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 6 - 9

Published: Dec. 20, 2022

The RPR editorial team could not be happier to welcome our previous and new readers this year with the first issue of a very special volume Review Policy Research. 2023 marks 40th traditional public policy journal, formerly known as Studies Review, whose volumes featured works of, inter alia, Dye Davidson (1981), Blomquist Ostrom (1985), DeLeon (1983). Four decades several world-changing events later, we present jubilee important topical contributions responses reactions risks. last years have shown once again what impact uncertain high-risk situations can on policymaking. Understanding acute challenges gained considerable importance during global COVID-19 health crisis. pandemic has been studied in relation (dis)proportionality (Maor et al., 2020), learning (Osei-Kojo 2022; Zaki 2022), accountability (Zahariadis various other psychological, institutional, strategic factors & Howlett, 2020). Crow al. (2022) contribute research by investigating subnational policies their adaptations Colorado, Iowa, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan Washington from March December 2020. Based documents governmental websites, authors develop dataset explore extent change occur disasters. findings show that six states responded changing political indicators were inclined make decisions according preferences. While content timing across varied, identify reoccurring pattern before problem increase. They suggest crises increase pressure for long-term oriented action anticipates prepares potential future challenges. This changes environment favor preemptive which further leads preventative Mistur continue investigation countries' focus internal external explanations adoptions social distancing policies. theorize national conditions, characteristics, peer actions conditions influenced responses. To empirically test hypotheses, construct an international panel daily information cases governments' create stringency index use linear fixed-effects models explain while controlling political, health, socio-economic factors. diffusion, meaning emulation or served mechanism adoption. These effects seem choice more than such respective cases. prevalence interdependent policymaking is line empirical evidence (Givens Mistur, 2020; Rausis Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, 2021; Sebhatu Shifting discussion environmental risks, subsequent paper Zarb Taylor investigates local implementation aftermath Hurricane Harvey 2017. apply Matland's Ambiguity-Conflict Model (1995) US federal system analyze disaster mitigation programs related State Texas. assumptions model, they conducted open-ended interviews 22 government officials multiple counties impacted Harvey. qualitatively coded evaluated officials' elaborations tools, timeframes, ambiguity, conflict. both ambiguity conflict challenged policymaking, thereby supporting model. In context hazard mitigation, results simplify decision-making phase, vagueness multilevel incompatibility objectives impede foster After these insights into situations, proceeds papers perceptions McBeth investigate individuals' nuclear energy ideology, proximity power plants, trust sources. hypothesize ideology shapes people's views, risk assessments, confidence energy. assumptions, survey over 4100 individuals whom quarter live near Idaho National Laboratory (INL), primary facility Department Energy. Over 80% participants report positive attitudes toward believe benefits outweigh statistical analyses indicate attitude prevalent people who reported living 50-mile radius INL having conservative views. However, liberal no also mostly supported regional variations. Trust waste sources differed ideologies well geographical institutions. Arguing including assessment power, are often misjudged, Li Konisky 1000 citizens evaluate personal attributes. assess misperceptions comparing individual judgments risks associated toxic emissions at zip code level official measurements Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Respondents given EPA indicator then asked how would compare codes. OLS regressions ordered logit model results. optimistic bias, respondents likely relative less severe measurements. find links between attributes (mis)perception. non-White, female, liberal, under 51 years, married, poor, go church regularly, strong pro-environmental orientation correctly final contribution issue, Guo Creative Placemaking (CPM) neighborhood Franklinton Columbus, Ohio. CPM integrates arts culture community revitalization work. It brings together partners public, private, nonprofit, sectors. study examines formation partnerships using network approach. theoretical tool innovative combination Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF, Jenkins-Smith 2017) capital perspectives (Putnam, 2000; Rich, 2005). author systematically develops ACF hypotheses belief systems coalition building association different types perceived tie networks. complemented two network. Empirically, uses exponential random graph (ERGM) actors beliefs, learning, perception, additional ties exciting ways: will benefit identification particular influence secondary beliefs formation. contributes showing technical provides concrete guidance need brokers, should, among things, bring inclusive overcome conflicts strengthen actors. We hope used respectively addressed theoretical, empirical, practical contexts. looking forward receiving high-quality manuscripts similarly large 2023! El equipo de podría estar más feliz dar la bienvenida nuestros lectores anteriores y nuevos este nuevo año con el primer número un volumen muy especial marca 40 esta revista tradicional política pública, antes conocida como cuyos primeros volúmenes incluyeron trabajos de, entre otros, Thomas R. Elinor (1985; 1985) Peter DeLeon. (1983; 1986). Cuatro décadas varios eventos que cambiaron mundo después, presentamos aniversario contribuciones importantes actualidad sobre respuestas reacciones públicas los riesgos. Los últimos años han demostrado una vez impacto pueden tener las situaciones inciertas alto riesgo en formulación políticas. La comprensión políticas desafíos agudos adquirió importancia durante crisis sanitaria mundial COVID-19. pandémica se ha estudiado relación (des)proporcionalidad aprendizaje responsabilidad otros factores psicológicos, institucionales estratégicos Deserai A. Crow, Rob DeLeo, Elizabeth Albright, Kristin Taylor, Tom Birkland, Manli Zhang, Koebele, Nathan Jeschke, Shanahan Caleb Cage contribuyen investigación investigando pandémicas subnacionales sus adaptaciones Luisiana, marzo diciembre Con base documentos sitios web gubernamentales, autores desarrollan conjunto datos para explorar qué medida producen cambios aprendizajes desastres. hallazgos muestran seis estados respondieron indicadores políticos salud pública inclinaron tomar decisiones acuerdo preferencias Si bien contenido momento pandemia variaron, identificar patrón recurrente cambio aumenten problemas. Sugieren aumentan presión acción orientada largo plazo anticipe prepare posibles futuros. Esto cambia entorno político del preventivas, lo conduce aún preventivas. Evan M. John Wagner Givens Daniel C. Matisoff continúan países enfoque explicaciones internas externas adopciones globales distanciamiento social. Ellos teorizan condiciones problemas nacionales, características acciones pares influyeron pandemia. Para probar empíricamente hipótesis, construyen internacional información diaria casos gobiernos Crean índice rigor utilizan modelos lineales efectos fijos explicar países. mientras controlan políticos, socioeconómicos. sugieren difusión políticas, es decir, emulación o problemáticas, sirvió mecanismo adopción Estos parecen haber influido elección internos, respectivos prevalencia interdependientes está línea evidencia empírica Cambiando discusión riesgos ambientales, artículo posterior Stephanie investiga implementación locales después huracán aplican Modelo ambigüedad-conflicto Matland al sistema EE. UU. analizar programas mitigación desastres relacionados Estado supuestos modelo Matland, realizaron entrevistas abiertas funcionarios gobierno condados afectados por Estas fueron codificadas evaluadas cualitativamente elaboraciones herramientas política, plazos, ambigüedad conflicto tanto impactaron desafiaron locales, respalda Matland. En contexto peligros resultados que, si puede simplificar fase toma vaguedad incompatibilidad múltiples niveles objetivos impedir fomentar conflictos Después estas ideas riesgo, problema continúa centran percepciones Mark K. McBeth, Megan Warnement Wrobel e Irene van Woerden investigan personas energía su ideología proximidad centrales nucleares confianza fuentes nuclear. plantean hipótesis da forma opiniones personas, evaluaciones relacionada suposiciones, analizan encuesta cuales cuarta parte vive cerca Laboratorio Nacional principal instalación Departamento Energía Más 80 ciento participantes informan actitudes positivas hacia creen beneficios superan análisis estadísticos indican actitud frecuente informaron vivir radio 50 millas conservadoras. Sin embargo, liberales sin también apoyaron mayoría todas variaciones regionales. desechos difería geográfica instituciones nucleares. Argumentando incluida evaluación nuclear, menudo juzgan mal, Zhengyan David ciudadanos estadounidenses evaluar individuos ambiental atributos personales. . evalúan erróneas comparando juicios individuales asociados emisiones tóxicas nivel código postal mediciones oficiales Agencia Protección Ambiental A encuestados les dio indicador según luego pidió evaluaran cómo compararían códigos postales. regresiones ordenado encuesta. De sesgo optimista, probable evalúen ambientales relativos menos severos oficiales. encuentran vínculos personales percepción (errónea) riesgo. Informan son blancos, mujeres, liberales, menores años, casados, pobres, iglesia regularidad tienen fuerte orientación proambiental probabilidades correctamente locales. contribución número, Wen vecindario integra artes cultura trabajo revitalización comunidad. Reúne socios sectores público, privado, fines lucro comunitario. estudio examina formación asociaciones utilizando red herramienta teórica combinación innovadora perspectivas autor desarrolla sistemáticamente nuevas sistemas creencias construcción coaliciones asociación diferentes tipos percibidos redes complementan dos red. Empíricamente, utiliza gráfico aleatorio exponencial actores estadística político, adicionales. emocionantes varias maneras: beneficiará identificación influencia secundarias vínculos. contribuye mostrar técnico redes. proporciona guía concreta necesidad uso intermediarios, quienes deberían, otras cosas, aportar inclusivas superar fortalecer lazos actores. Esperamos utilicen contextos teórico, empírico práctico respectivamente abordados. ¡Esperamos recibir manuscritos alta calidad puedan hacer igualmente grande 《政策研究评论》(RPR)编辑团队非常高兴地欢迎新老读者来到新的一年,为其推出《政策研究评论》2023年(特殊的一年)第一期内容。2023年标志着这本传统公共政策期刊(前身为Policy Review)的第40卷,其最初几卷收录了Thomas Dye(1981)、Elinor Ostrom(1985; 1985)和 DeLeon(1983; 1986)等人的著作。四十年过去了,继几次改变世界的事件之后,我们推出了这本周年卷的第一期内容,其中收录了一系列关于政策响应和公众对风险的反应的重要主题性稿件。 过去几年再次表明,不确定的高风险情况能对决策产生何种影响。在全球新冠疫情(COVID-19)卫生危机期间,理解严峻挑战的政策响应一事变得相当重要。大流行政策的研究涉及比例原则和比例失调(Maor 2020)、政策学习(Osei-Kojo 2022)、问责(Zahariadis 2020) ,以及其他不同的心理、制度和战略因素(Maor 2020)。Deserai Crow、Rob DeLeo、Elizabeth Albright、Kristin Taylor、Tom Birkland、Manli Zhang、Elizabeth Koebele、Nathan Jeschke、Elizabeth Shanahan和Caleb Cage(2022)通过调查2020年3月至2020年12月期间地方大流行政策及其在科罗拉多州、爱荷华州、路易斯安那州、马萨诸塞州、密歇根州和华盛顿州的适应情况,进而该研究作贡献。基于政策文件和政府网站,作者开发了一个数据集,以探究政策变革和学习在灾难期间所发生的程度。结果表明,这六个州对不断变化的公共卫生指标和政治指标作出了响应,并倾向于根据各自的政治偏好作决定。尽管各州在大流行响应的内容和时间上存在差异,但Crow等人识别了问题指标增加之前重复出现的政策变革模式。他们暗示,不确定的危机形势增加了要求长期导向行动的政治压力,这些行动能预期潜在的未来挑战并为之作准备。这改变了政治环境,使其有利于抢先的政策学习,从而进一步导致预防性决策。 Mistur、John Givens和Daniel 也调查了各国的大流行响应措施,聚焦于全球采纳保持社交距离政策一事的内部和外部解释。他们提出的理论认为,国家问题状况、政治特征以及其他国家的行动和状况会影响大流行的响应措施。为了对假设进行实证检验,作者构建了一个国际面板数据集,其中包含2020年COVID-19病例和政府政策响应的每日信息。他们对保持社交距离政策创建了一个严格性指数,并使用线性固定效应模型来解释各国的政策响应,同时控制政治因素、健康因素和社会经济因素。研究结果表明,政策扩散——即效仿其他国家的行动或对问题的响应——是各国采纳保持社交距离政策的一种机制。这些同行效应对政策选择的影响似乎大于内部因素,例如各国的COVID-19病例。相互依赖的大流行决策的普遍存在,与保持社交距离政策的进一步实证证据相一致(Givens 2020)。 我们将讨论从卫生风险转向环境风险。Stephanie Zarb和Kristin Taylor(2022)的文章研究了2017 年飓风哈维事件后的地方政策实施情况。作者将马特兰德的模糊-冲突模型(1995)应用于美国联邦系统,分析德克萨斯州减灾计划的实施和相关挑战。为了实证检验马特兰德模型的假设,他们对受飓风哈维影响的多个县的22名地方政府官员进行了开放式访谈。聚焦于官员对政策工具、时间跨度、模糊性和政策冲突的阐述,对访谈进行了定性编码和评价。研究结果表明,政策模糊和冲突都会影响和挑战地方决策,因此支持马特兰德的模型。在环境危害缓解这一情境下,结果暗示,虽然模糊性能简化政策决策阶段,但联邦系统中政策目标的模糊性和多层次不相容性会阻碍实施并加剧政策冲突。 在对高风险情况的政策响应发表见解之后,本期继续介绍的文章聚焦于风险的公共感知。Mark McBeth、Megan Wrobel和Irene Woerden(2022)研究了个人对美国核能的感知及其与“政治意识形态、居住地与核电站的接近程度以及核信息来源信任”的关系。作者假设,政治意识形态会影响人们的观点、风险评估以及对核能相关信息的信心。为了检验这些假设,他们分析了一项针对4,100多人的调查,其中四分之一的受访者居住在美国能源部主要核设施——爱达荷国家实验室(INL)附近。超过80%的参与者报告了对核能的积极态度,并认为收益大于风险。统计分析表明,这种态度在自称居住在爱达荷国家实验室50英里半径范围内并持有保守政治观点的人中更为普遍。不过,具有自由主义态度或没有政治态度的人也大多支持不同地区的核能。对核废料信息来源的信任因政治意识形态和与核机构的地理接近程度而存在差异。 和 论证认为,环境风险(包括对核废料和核电的评估)经常被误判。他们分析了一项对 1,000 名美国公民的调查,以评价个人对地方环境风险的感知及其与个人属性的关系。通过将个人对邮政编码层面的废气排放相关风险的判断,与环境保护署(EPA)的官方风险测量及指标进行比较,作者评估了风险的错误感知。受访者被提供关于其邮政编码的EPA指标信息,并被要求评估其如何将其他邮政编码(的指标)相比较。作者使用普通最小二乘法(OLS)回归和有序logit模型来分析调查结果。与乐观偏差研究相一致的是,受访者有可能认为其相对的环境风险并没有官方测量的那样严重。作者发现,个人属性和风险(错误)感知之间存在多重联系。作者报告称,非白人、女性、自由派、51 岁以下、已婚、贫穷、定期去教堂、以及具有强烈​​环保倾向的受访者更有可能正确评估地方环境风险。 本期收录的最后一篇文章中,Wen Guo(2022)调查了俄亥俄州哥伦布富兰克林顿区的地方创意场所营造(CPM)。CPM将艺术和文化融入社区振兴工作。此举汇集了来自公共、私营、非营利和社区部门的合作伙伴。该研究使用社会网络方法分析了哪些因素对这些伙伴关系的形成作贡献。理论工具是倡导联盟框架(ACF, 2017)和社会资本观点(Putnam, 2005)的创新组合。作者系统地提出了关于信念系统和联盟建设的新ACF假设,以及“不同类型的政策学习和感知风险”与“政策网络中关系形成”的关联。就不同类型的社会资本对网络关系形成的影响一事提出两个假设,作为上述ACF假设的补充。实证上,该研究使用指数随机图模型(ERGM)分析一项对该区政策行动者的调查,并识别不同类型的政策信念、政策学习、风险感知和社会资本对网络中额外关系的形成所作的统计贡献。结果在几个方面令人兴奋:识别次要信念对关系形成的特定影响,这将有助于ACF研究。该研究还通过展示技术学习和社会学习在网络形成中的重要性,为关于政策学习的ACF研究作贡献。该研究为经纪人的需求和使用提供了具体指导,这些经纪人在完成其他事项外还应引入包容性信仰和社会资本,以克服信仰冲突并加强行动者之间的联系。 我们希望本期收录的文章将用于各自所应对的理论情境、实证情境和实践环境。我们期待收到更多的高质量RPR稿件,为2023年公共政策作出同样巨大的贡献!

Language: Английский

Measuring Policy Learning: Challenges and Good Practices DOI
Bishoy L. Zaki, Claudio M. Radaelli

Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1-2), P. 37 - 46

Published: March 5, 2024

Abstract How can we empirically identify and measure policy learning? Through a problematized review, develop novel perspective to identifying, explaining, addressing interconnected ontological, theoretical-contextual, consequently, methodological challenges in the measurement of learning. We de-compose as three-fold endeavor, concerning: conceptual foundations, design instruments, their deployment empirical research. Then, synthesize exemplars good practice across these three stages offer set recommendations for refinement learning measurement, while maintaining theoretical pluralism.

Language: Английский

Citations

5

Excessive Digital Surveillance and Data Privacy Invasion as a Creeping Crisis DOI
Jonas Lund‐Tønnesen, Karin Fossheim

Risk Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The conventional approaches in the crisis and surveillance literature posit that causes increased surveillance. In this paper, we invert relationship instead explore how crises. argument is made excessive collection use of personal information through for example, artificial intelligence algorithms without clear purposes by public private organizations must be understood as a creeping crisis. This leads to vulnerabilities complexities organizations, making them highly susceptible data hacks, leaks, cyber attacks. Consequently, organizational political crises are bound occur. We identify main challenges governments, regulatory agencies, citizens Explanations focusing on policy attention, responsiveness, framing considered why has yet recognized

Language: Английский

Citations

0

Practicing policy learning during creeping crises: key principles and considerations from the COVID-19 crisis DOI Creative Commons
Bishoy L. Zaki

Policy Design and Practice, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 87 - 104

Published: July 21, 2023

Policy learning plays a critical role in crisis policymaking. Adequate can lead to effective responses, while misdirected derail policymaking and policy fiascos, potentially with devastating effects. However, creeping crises such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic pose significant challenges for doing "good" learning. Such persistent threats societal values or life‐sustaining systems. They evolve across time space stirring political tensions. Given their inherent features, they are often insufficiently addressed by policymakers. Taking an illustrative example, this article aims draw practitioners' attention key features of explains how undermine processes. It then discusses need "policy governance" approach design, administer manage processes that able respond continuous evolutions. In so, it helps practitioners engage adaptive agile toward more introducing four principles governance during crises. Those are: identifying optimum modes types, disciplines, space, time. Practical tools distilled from emerging research introduced help apply proposed future

Language: Английский

Citations

9

Understanding political learning by scientific experts: a case of EU climate policy DOI
Bishoy L. Zaki, Claire Dupont

Journal of European Public Policy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(7), P. 1993 - 2025

Published: Dec. 11, 2023

Research often explores the role of scientific expertise in policymaking from an externalised perspective, mostly focusing on how policymakers use and abuse through political learning. However, very little is known about learning by experts. What strategies do they to maintain advance their access to, influence policymaking? Using process tracing, we illustrate experts' challenged as a policy issue develops. We explore this nudges experts engage employ advocacy enhance science's making, corresponding evolving opportunity structures. empirically trace using case EU climate development between 1990 2022. identify three main sets used experts: Narrative semantic (policy issue-oriented), Socialisation (Actors-oriented), Governance (systems structures-oriented). In doing so, article illustrates actorness agency provides supplementary understanding science public change, not only function policymaker's instrumentalization science, but also actively advocate for policy.

Language: Английский

Citations

9

Exploring the role of uncertainty, emotions, and scientific discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic DOI Creative Commons
Antoine Lemor, Éric Montpetit

Policy and Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(3), P. 289 - 303

Published: March 22, 2024

Abstract This article examines the interplay between uncertainty, emotions, and scientific discourse in shaping COVID-19 policies Quebec, Canada. Through application of natural language processing (NLP) techniques, indices were developped to measure sentiments uncertainty among policymakers, their negative sentiments, prevalence statements. The study reveals that while led adoption stringent policies, statements evidence they conveyed associated with a relaxation such as offered reassurance mitigated sentiments. Furthermore, findings suggest encouraged stricter only contexts high uncertainty. research contributes theoretical understanding emotional cognitive dynamics health crisis policymaking. It emphasizes need for nuanced how science may be used face especially when democratic processes are set aside. Methodologically, it demonstrates potential NLP policy analysis.

Language: Английский

Citations

3

Policy learning from evidence during polycrises: a case of EU environmental policy DOI Creative Commons
Bishoy L. Zaki, Valérie Pattyn, Ellen Wayenberg

et al.

Policy Design and Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 19

Published: April 27, 2024

Despite their increasing frequency and magnitude, research on how polycrises influence policymaking has been remarkably scarce. In this article, we approach issue from an evidence-based policy learning perspective. We explore the polycrisis involving progressive intersections between climate change crisis, COVID-19 pandemic, energy crisis influenced underlying European Union's policymaking. Our findings show that at initial phases of polycrisis, interdisciplinary scientific evidence was employed to depoliticize facilitate a paradigmatic shift. Yet, as relatively faster burning crises overlapped, such played increasingly substantiating role for previously established institutional choices, then its further diminished more overlapped. These offer robust theoretical understanding contribution within polycrises. This also draws practitioners' attention need actively re-aligning practices political conditions evolve during

Language: Английский

Citations

3

New development: Understanding the relationship between public sector consulting and public value destruction—An epistemic learning perspective DOI
Bishoy L. Zaki, Ben Suykens, Inez Catala

et al.

Public Money & Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 5

Published: April 25, 2024

Attempts to professionalize public service delivery have resulted in the proliferation of private consultants sector with aim increasing value. With majority research focusing on determinants consultants' performance outcomes, few analysed relationship between consulting and value—especially value destruction. The authors address this gap by theoretically positioning as an epistemic learning process. A new framework is developed that distinguishes non-deliberate failures (value destruction omission), deliberate deontological commission) across different approaches Several strategies are outlined for practitioners—policy-makers civil servants—to better administer a

Language: Английский

Citations

2

The governance of the recovery and resilience facility. The incremental innovation of standard conditionality regime DOI Creative Commons
Ana Mar Fernández Pasarín, Andrea Lanaia

European Policy Analysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 18, 2024

Abstract How can we explain the system of governance underlying conditionality regime Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF)? Two contrasting instruments were adopted by European Union to deal with economic impact COVID‐19 crisis. The initial adaptation intergovernmental stability mechanism was followed RRF, an instrument as add‐on EU budget combining both supranational delegation filters. Using lenses historical institutionalism, a coalition‐based explanatory framework, this article examines past institutionalization patterns on shift towards RRF combined model. It argues that space for occurred result incremental innovation standard Community at work in budget‐related policies.

Language: Английский

Citations

2

New development: Strategic planning in interesting times—From inter-crisis to intra-crisis responses DOI
Bishoy L. Zaki

Public Money & Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(5), P. 521 - 524

Published: April 6, 2023

IMPACTAs an intensive, long-term oriented and deliberative process, strategic planning is generally viewed as essential practice in the public sector, yet mostly relatively stable or non-crisis contexts. However, emerging crisis types (such 'creeping crises') come with a novel mixture of features that disrupt conventional norms administration, governance policy-making. Drawing on theories creeping crises, empirical observations, author explains how such crises create windows opportunity for intra-crisis planning. In conditions, practitioners should dedicate sufficient time to undertake drive policy-making governance, rather than engaging ad hoc stopgap responses.

Language: Английский

Citations

5

Beyond powering and puzzling: the political dimensions of policy learning DOI Creative Commons
Claire A. Dunlop, Claudio M. Radaelli, Ellen Wayenberg

et al.

Journal of European Public Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(7), P. 1979 - 1992

Published: May 24, 2024

Over the years, policy learning has emerged as a theoretical lens to provide an alternative understanding of powering-based approaches process and outcomes. This been success story, with gaining presence among frameworks on process. However, puzzling-powering dichotomy is reductive. In real-world processes, we find both puzzling powering. Also, cannot reduce value what not explained by power alone. Introduction shows how powering interact consequences moving beyond dichotomy. We present four contributions this Special Issue explore territory suggest approach design governance architectures for learning.

Language: Английский

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