Controlling the uncontrollable: the public discourse on artificial intelligence between the positions of social and technological determinism
AI & Society,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 31, 2024
Abstract
Since
the
publication
of
ChatGPT
and
Dall-E,
there
has
been
heavy
discussions
on
possible
dangers
generative
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
for
society.
These
question
extent
to
which
development
AI
can
be
regulated
by
politics,
law,
civic
actors.
An
important
arena
discourse
is
news
media.
The
media
discursively
construct
as
a
technology
that
more
or
less
regulate.
There
are
various
reasons
an
assumed
regulatability.
Some
voices
highlight
predominant
capitalism
modern
society
ideology
enforces
uncontrolled
AI.
Others
call
rationality
society,
will
push
toward
serves
humankind.
Summarized,
floats
between
positions
technological
social
determinism.
article
conducts
analysis
113
articles
from
German
newspapers
Süddeutsche
Zeitung
Frankfurter
Allgemeine
.
shows
how
these
center-left
center-right
frame
in
terms
As
reach
out
large
audience,
kinds
perspectives
confront
Germany
every
day.
News
motivate
impede
action,
they
potential
necessity
its
members
intervene
against
certain
developments.
promote
understanding
AI,
citizens
feel
motivated
insist
regulation
politics
law.
Language: Английский
The policy process and governance of technological innovation
Review of Policy Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 10, 2025
As
we
are
entering
the
last
year
of
first
quarter
21st
century,
look
back
on
two
and
a
half
decades
intensive
technological
innovation
its
immense
influence
policy
process
research
governance
all
over
world.
This
includes,
among
others,
increased
attention
to
big
data
(El-Taliawi
et
al.,
2021;
König,
2022),
role
social
media
in
political
administrative
communication
(Stier
2018;
Wanckel,
2024),
online
participation
e-governance
(Gerl
Schröder
&
Bandelow,
2024;
van
den
Berg
data-based
labs
(Kim
2023),
digitalization
public
sector
(Bodó
Janssen,
2022;
Wihlborg
Iacobaeus,
platform
(Nooren
Zeng
boom
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
(Af
Malmborg
Trondal,
2023;
Lemke
Schiff
Schiff,
Ulnicane
Erkkilä,
2023).
The
RPR
issue
this
addresses
several
these
key
topics
with
studies
trust,
discourse
coalitions,
integration,
decentralization,
bureaucratic
discretion
context
innovations.
In
paper
issue,
Robles
Mallinson
(2025)
emphasize
necessity
increasingly
considering
trust
AI
since
it
has
so
far
been
"blind
spot"
makers
(Veen
2011).
Building
review
relevant
literature
survey
US
American
citizens'
attitudes
toward
(Zhang
Dafoe,
2020),
discusses
current
frameworks,
effectiveness,
perceptions
AI.
results
show
general
support
for
development
but
reveal
that
majority
respondents
have
little
no
confidence
AI,
significant
concerns
regarding
privacy,
civil
rights,
transparency,
algorithmic
bias.
Especially
higher
education
levels
indicated
concern
about
while
non-white
respondent
expressed
more
AI's
harmful
consequences.
Political
ideology
gender
also
shown
affect
views
safety
trustworthiness.
To
counteract
mistrust
improve
authors
identify
accountability,
equity
as
factors.
ends
call
strengthen
consideration
diverse
perspectives
future
frameworks
ensure
broad
acceptance
responsible,
ethical
adoption.
Further
elaborating
importance
contribution
by
Buchman
al.
investigates
level
federal
agencies
their
preferences
related
policies.
More
specifically,
use
nationally
representative
adults
investigate
United
States
Department
Agriculture
(USDA),
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA),
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(EPA)
impact
six
policies
gene
drive
technology
agriculture.
three
regulatory
authorities
is
positively
associated
promoting
research,
EPA
demonstrating
strongest
effect.
further
preference
USDA
lead
development,
aligning
agricultural
oversight.
study
concludes
critical
fostering
emergent
technologies,
especially
citizens
rely
strongly
external
information
risks
benefits
such
complex
issues
(Gupta
2020).
third
Rojas-Padilla
continues
genome
editing
technologies
zooming
debates
surrounding
CRISPR-Cas
how
visualizations
shapes
network
formation
decision-making
processes.
employ
multimodal
analyses
examine
interplay
between
visual
textual
framings
Twitter/X
2018.
findings
emergence
Multimodal
Online
Discourse
Coalitions
(MODCs)
characterized
distinct
linguistic
thematic
orientations.
English
Spanish
debates,
MODCs
were
dominated
technocratic
which
reflected
decisions
Mercosur.
By
contrast,
Europe,
French
MODC
adopted
normative
framing,
emphasizing
societal
moral
implications
CRISPR-Cas.
Visuals,
images
embryos
genetic
diagrams,
played
pivotal
shaping
discourse,
particularly
MODC,
where
they
elicited
emotional
responses
reinforced
narratives.
line
previous
studies,
provides
insights
visuals
not
only
encode
values
coalitions
interact
opinion
(Clancy
Clancy,
2016;
Gommeh
Krause
Bucy,
2018).
Taking
Brazil's
biofuels
"RenovaBio"
case
study,
Velloso
Breviglieri
Yamahaki
behind
eco-technological
climate
can
be
integrated
sectoral
builds
Multiple
Streams
Framework
(MSF,
Herweg
2023)
focuses
actors,
problems,
politics
positioning
RenovaBio
agenda
raise
approval.
For
this,
adopt
multi-method
qualitative
approach
combines
analysis
semi-structured
interviews
experts
from
government,
society,
sector.
highlight
linking
commitments
part
problem
stream
reduced
opposition,
facilitated
rapid
legislative
Simultaneously,
however,
policy's
diffusive
multiple
objectives
address
change,
market
challenges,
energy
security
created
lack
coherence
criticism
(Howlett
Rayner,
other
shows
power
entrepreneurs
change
(Arnold
Biesbroek
Candel,
2020;
Cejudo
Trein,
Domorenok
Graziano,
Kassen
an
important
up-to-date
perspective
innovative
participatory
approaches
(Bogo
Falanga,
Royo
Ruffing
Brendler,
2024).
examines
potential
blockchain
transform
e-government
enhancing
citizen
decentralized
analyzes
various
real-life
hypothetical
examples
applications
policy,
ability
democratize
processes
transparency
governance.
contributes
framing
tool
shift
understanding
e-participation
mere
service
collaborative
process,
thereby
digital
democracy.
Ultimately,
sets
exploration
blockchain's
reforms
enhancement
civic
engagement
policy-making.
A
central
takes
administrations.
Digital
tools
used
make
distribution
(Considine
2022).
street-level
bureaucracy,
scholars
studied
effect
automation
(de
Boer
Raaphorst,
synthesize
knowledge
area,
Johansson
systematic
effects
transformation
bureaucrats,
both
within
administration
interaction
clients.
Concerning
former,
enhance
rational
organization,
including
efficiency
gains.
regards
latter,
legal
certainty,
equality
treatment
aspects
responsiveness
put
digitalization,
dilemmas
gray
zone
objective
data-driven
case-by-case
profiting
persist.
Thereby,
article
highlights
opportunities
challenges
bureaucracy.
Language: Английский
Discourses and bottom‐up policymaking in Europe and the EU
European Policy Analysis,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(2), P. 158 - 161
Published: May 1, 2024
Artificial
intelligence
(AI),
climate
change,
COVID-19,
financial
budgets,
religion
and
state
in
Israel—the
challenges
that
the
EU
countries
Europe
face
today
seem
to
increase
rather
than
decrease.
This
EPA
issue
includes
contributions
show
extent
of
diversity
with
which
European
policy
research
deals
these
topics.
The
articles
draw
from
different
theoretical
and/or
methodological
approaches
analyze
capacity
governments
governing
challenges,
ideas
discourses
emerge
around
them,
role
bureaucrats
citizens
play
bottom-up
processes.
AI
is
newest
among
mentioned
subject
increased
attention
public
research.
Several
tackle
by
analyzing
national
or
global
governance
technologies
(Büthe
et
al.,
2022;
Erman
&
Furendal,
Radu,
2021;
Robles
Mallinson,
2023b;
Taeihagh,
Ulnicane
Erkkilä,
2023),
including
setting
standards
(von
Ingersleben-Seip,
perceptions
relevance
trust
(Ingrams
2023a;
Schiff
2023)
impact
"on
ground"
(Brunn
2020;
Selten
2023).
Following
this
recent
rise
interest
AI,
Lemke
al.
(2024)
tie
a
contribution
methodologically
relies
on
discourse
analysis
(Newman
Mintrom,
opens
comprehensive
depiction
German
AI.
Their
systematic
6421
statements
various
relevant
stakeholders
focus
how
defined
framed
as
problem.
Thereby,
underpins
(still)
perceived
an
primarily
related
technology
and,
hence,
placed
sector
innovation.
It
thus
not
where
questions
civil
rights,
labor,
education
dominate,
although
multitude
framing
defining
problem
increases
uncertainty
definition.
Furthermore,
highlights
need
for
international
cooperation.
With
Germany
being
large
country
central
Union
(EU),
such
emphasis
cooperation
also
refers
joint
endeavors
at
level.
However,
be
able
address
problems
concern
Europe,
must
have
necessary
leverage,
members
states
comply
adopted
laws—which
often
case
(Brendler
Thomann,
2023;
Heidbreder,
2017;
Kriegmair
Thomann
Sager,
2017).
Clinton
Arregui
look
into
infringements
law
local
regional
levels
identify
explanations
why
followed,
eventually
hinders
influence
solving
cross-country
problems.
They
autonomy
substate
authorities,
notably
within
countries,
their
willingness
use
alongside
negative
opinion
towards
are
associated
higher
number
infringements.
By
contrast,
authors
do
find
positive
relation
between
administrative
capacity.
A
more
view
Union's
ability
provided
examination
Emissions
Trading
System
since
its
introduction
2005.
In
three
phases
2009
2013,
2014
2018,
2019
2022,
development
paradigm
shift
can
demonstrated,
whereby
sustainability
has
recently
prevailed.
Wennick
uses
document
change
qualitatively
quantitatively.
He
applies
concept
based
Hall
(1993)
expanded
Kern
(2014)
distinguish
four
dimensions:
interpretive
framework,
objectives,
instruments,
institutions.
For
levels,
he
identifies
respective
economic
growth
climate,
names
drivers
shift.
next
paper
takes
comparative
perspective
explain
Covid-19
death
tolls
Member
States,
United
Kingdom,
Switzerland,
Norway
(Farkas
Rácz,
2024).
dependent
variable
operationalized
excess
mortality
indicator
database
Our
World
Data
2015–2019.
comparison
per
million
shows
striking
clusters:
northwest
especially
Scandinavian
was
low.
Mediterranean
had
average
results,
while
all
very
significantly
rates
belong
Central
Eastern
(CEE)
group.
article
correlation
analyses
test
explanatory
power
variables
variance
mortality.
High
health
expenditure
nurses
midwives
correlate
low
direct
shares
seats
held
populists
parliament
cannot
shown.
At
first
glance,
political
institutions
hardly
directly
correlated
picture
becomes
complex
when
clusters
differentiated
distinction
made
without
vaccination.
Contributing
increasingly
studied
street-level
(Arnold,
2013;
Brodkin,
2012;
Edri-Peer
Niva
Golan-Nadir
zooms
religion-directed
food
reform
Israel
answer
what
encourages
servants
become
entrepreneurs.
Focusing
macrolevel
factors,
argues
bureaucratic
inefficiency,
societal
pressure,
competition
other
service
providers
engage
strongly
take
entrepreneurial
strategies
success.
causal
model
illustrated
Israeli
Rabbinate,
institution
successfully
defended
monopoly
regulating
kosher
certificates
2021.
Drawing
governmental
statistics,
surveys,
elite
interviews
(policy)
documents
media,
study
Acting
General
Director
Chief
Rabbinate
identified
time
high
dissatisfaction
rising
private
competitors
window
opportunity
improve
Rabbinate's
provision
maintaining
monopoly.
These
findings
critical
situations
spark
innovation
motivate
entrepreneurship
change.
While
importance
multilevel
top-down
processes
neglected,
last
sheds
light
equally
important
initiatives
policymaking.
Using
mixed-methods
approach,
Bogo
Falanga
explore
dissemination
dimension
participatory
budgeting
(PB)
Portugal,
is,
citizen-centered
collective
decision
making
budget
(Bartocci
2022).
(mostly
local)
PBs
throughout
Portugal
waves
after
2002.
pushed
forward,
inter
alia,
initiation
Lisbon
PB
PBs,
stronger
young
people,
new
implementation
strategies,
PB's
support
center-right
North
country.
134
Portuguese
2002
most
investments
were
assured
fourth
wave
2015
2019,
mean
investment
decreased
2009.
As
relied
less
2%
investments,
implying
weak
impact.
conclude
democratic
spread
considerably
early
2000s,
it
plays
only
limited
absolute
(per
capita),
using
full
potential
making.
人工智能、气候变化、新冠肺炎、财政预算、宗教和以色列局势——欧盟和欧洲国家当前面临的这些挑战似乎在增加而不是减少。本期《欧洲政策分析》(EPA)期刊收录的文章展示了欧洲政策研究用于应对这些主题的多样性程度。这些文章借鉴了不同的理论方法和/或方法论来分析欧洲政府和欧盟在应对这些挑战方面的能力、围绕它们出现的想法和话语、以及官僚和公民在自下而上的过程中发挥的作用。
人工智能(AI)是上述挑战中最新的一个,并且在公共政策研究中受到越来越多的关注。几篇文章通过分析AI技术的国家治理或全球治理来探讨AI问题(Büthe
2023),包括标准的制定(von
2023)、公民的感知以及公共信任的相关性(Ingrams
2023)或AI的"实地"影响(Brunn
2023)。随着近期兴起的AI兴趣,Lemke
al.(2024)撰写的文章在方法上依靠话语分析(Newman
2023),并通过对德国AI话语的全面描述来开启本期内容。他们的系统分析包括来自不同利益攸关方的6421份声明,聚焦于AI是如何被定义和建构为一个政策问题。分析表明,AI(仍然)被视为一个主要与技术相关的问题,因此被置于技术和创新的政策部门。因此,尽管众多利益攸关方对问题的建构和定义增加了问题定义的不确定性,但AI问题并不是一个围绕公民权利、劳工或教育的主导问题。此外,话语强调了国际合作的必要性。
鉴于德国是欧洲大国,在欧盟(EU)中具有核心地位,强调国际合作也指欧洲层面的共同努力。然而,为了能够应对欧洲关注的问题,欧盟必须拥有必要的影响力,成员国也必须遵守已通过的法律——但事实往往并非如此(Brendler
2017)。Clinton
Arregui(2024)调查了欧盟成员国在地方和区域层面上违反欧盟法律的行为,以期识别欧盟法律不被遵守的原因,这最终阻碍了欧盟在解决跨国问题上的影响力。他们表明,地方当局自主权的增加(特别是在国家内部)、它们对这种自主权以及对欧盟的负面舆论的使用意愿,与侵权行为的增加有关。相比之下,作者没有发现侵权行为与行政能力之间存在正相关关系。
通过对自2005年推出的欧盟排放交易体系进行分析,对欧盟的问题解决能力提供了更积极的看法。2009-2013年、2014-2018年和2019-2022年这三个阶段能证明范式转变的发展,即可持续性范式近年来已经盛行。Wennick(2024)使用系统性文献分析,从定性和定量的角度展示了这种变化。他应用基于学者Hall(1993)并由Kern、Kuzemko和Mitchell(2014)扩展的范式概念来区分四个维度:解释框架、政策目标、政策工具、治理机构。对于这四个层面,他确定了各自关于经济增长和气候的观点,他将其称为范式转变的驱动力。
下一篇论文透过比较视角来解释欧盟成员国、英国、瑞士和挪威因新冠肺炎导致的不同死亡人数(Farkas
2024)。使用数据库"Our
Data"2015-2019年的超额死亡率指标,对因变量进行操作化。对每百万人超额死亡率的比较显示出不寻常的国家集群:在西北欧,尤其是斯堪的纳维亚国家,超额死亡率较低。地中海国家的结果较为平均,而超额死亡率极为显著的国家都属于中东欧(CEE)国家。文章使用相关分析来检验不同变量对超额死亡率差异的解释力。高卫生支出、大量护士和助产士,与低超额死亡率相关。相比之下,民粹主义者在议会中占有大量席位与超额死亡率之间无法显示直接的相关性。乍一看,政治制度和国家能力也很难与超额死亡率直接相关。然而,当区分国家集群,并区分接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的阶段时,情况就会变得更加复杂。
越来越多的研究分析了街头官僚在公共政策中的作用(Arnold,
2023),为对此作贡献,Niva
Golan-Nadir(2024)聚集于以色列地区以宗教为导向的粮食政策改革,以期回答一个问题,即是什么鼓励公务员成为政策企业家。文章聚焦于宏观因素,认为官僚机构效率低下、相关的社会压力以及其他服务提供商的竞争,会鼓励官僚更积极地参与某个议题,并采取创业战略来增加其成功。使用以色列拉比院案例,对该因果模型进行了阐述,拉比院是一个国家机构,在2021年成功捍卫了其对犹太食品证书监管的垄断地位。基于政府统计数据、民意调查、精英访谈以及(政策)文件及媒体分析,该研究表明,以色列首席拉比院的代理总干事如何将"公众的高度不满和对私营部门竞争对手的日益关注的时期"视为一个机会之窗,以改善拉比院的服务提供,同时保持其垄断地位。这些发现表明了危急情况如何能够激发创新并鼓励政策创业和变革。
虽然多层次的自上而下的政策过程的重要性不容忽视,但本期的最后一篇文章阐明了同样重要的自下而上的决策举措。Bogo和Falanga(2024)采用混合方法,探究了葡萄牙参与式预算(简称PB,即以公民为中心的公共预算集体决策)的传播维度和财务维度,
2022)。作者展示了PB在2002年推出后如何在葡萄牙全国范围内分四次增加(这种增加大多数是地方性的)。这种增长主要归因于里斯本PB和国家PB的启动、对年轻人的更加关注、新的实施战略,以及该国北部中右翼政府对PB的支持。对2002年至2019年134个葡萄牙PB的比较分析表明,尽管每个PB的平均投资自2009年以来有所下降,但大多数投资在2015年至2019年的第四轮增长中得到了保证。截至
2019年,大多数PB对公共投资的依赖度不到2%,这意味着财务影响相当弱。作者的结论是,虽然自2000年代初以来,作为一种民主创新的PB在葡萄牙得到了广泛传播,但它在绝对金融投资(人均)方面只发挥了有限的作用,没有充分发挥其集体决策的潜力。
Inteligencia
artificial,
cambio
climático,
presupuestos
financieros,
religión
y
Estado
en
Israel:
los
desafíos
que
enfrentan
hoy
la
UE
países
de
Europa
parecen
aumentar
lugar
disminuir.
Este
número
incluye
contribuciones
muestran
el
grado
diversidad
con
investigación
política
europea
aborda
estos
temas.
Los
artículos
se
basan
diferentes
enfoques
teóricos
y/o
metodológicos
para
analizar
capacidad
gobiernos
europeos
gestionar
desafíos,
las
discursos
surgen
torno
ellos,
papel
desempeñan
burócratas
ciudadanos
procesos
ascendentes.
La
inteligencia
artificial
(IA)
es
más
nuevo
mencionados
está
sujeto
una
mayor
atención
políticas
públicas.
Varios
abordan
IA
analizando
gobernanza
nacional
o
tecnologías
incluido
establecimiento
estándares
percepciones
relevancia
confianza
pública
Schiff,
Adams,
McCrain
Mourtgos,
impacto
"sobre
terreno"
(Brunn,
Diefenbacher,
Courtet
Genieys,
Selten,
Robeer
Grimmelikhuijsen,
Tras
este
reciente
aumento
del
interés
Lemke,
Trein
Varone
vinculan
contribución
basa
metodológicamente
análisis
discurso
abre
descripción
integral
alemán
sobre
Su
sistemático
declaraciones
varias
partes
interesadas
relevantes
un
enfoque
cómo
define
encuadra
como
problema
política.
Por
lo
tanto,
sustenta
(todavía)
percibe
cuestión
principalmente
relacionada
tecnología
y,
por
ubica
político
innovación.
no
tema
donde
dominen
cuestiones
relacionadas
derechos
civiles,
trabajo
educación,
aunque
multitud
enmarcan
definen
aumenta
incertidumbre
definición
mismo.
Además,
destaca
necesidad
cooperación
internacional.
Dado
Alemania
gran
país
europeo
Unión
Europea
(UE),
ese
énfasis
internacional
también
refiere
esfuerzos
conjuntos
nivel
europeo.
Sin
embargo,
poder
abordar
problemas
preocupan
Europa,
debe
tener
influencia
necesaria
Estados
miembros
deben
cumplir
leyes
adoptadas,
menudo
caso
Kriegmair,
Rittberger,
Zangl
Heinkelmann-Wild,
analizan
estas
infracciones
ley
estados
identificar
explicaciones
qué
cumple
UE,
eventualmente
obstaculiza
solución
entre
países.
Muestran
autonomía
autoridades
subestatales,
especialmente
dentro
países,
su
voluntad
utilizar
esta
junto
opinión
negativa
hacia
están
asociados
infracciones.
contrario,
autores
encuentran
relación
positiva
administrativa.
Una
visión
resolver
proporciona
examen
sistema
comercio
emisión
desde
introducción
En
tres
fases
(2009-2013,
2014-2018
2019-2022),
desarrollo
paradigma
Se
puede
demostrar
radical
recientemente
ha
prevalecido
sostenibilidad.
utiliza
documentos
mostrar
cualitativa
cuantitativamente.
Aplica
concepto
basado
ampliado
Kern,
Kuzemko
Mitchell
distinguir
cuatro
dimensiones:
marco
interpretativo,
objetivos
política,
instrumentos
e
instituciones
gobernanza.
Para
niveles,
identifica
respectivas
crecimiento
económico
clima,
denomina
impulsores
paradigma.
El
siguiente
artículo
adopta
perspectiva
comparada
explicar
cifras
muertes
Reino
Unido,
Suiza
Noruega
dependiente
operacionaliza
indicador
exceso
mortalidad
base
datos
2015-2019.
comparación
millón
muestra
sorprendentes
grupos
países:
noroeste
escandinavos,
fue
bajo.
mediterráneos
obtuvieron
resultados
medios,
mientras
todos
muy
significativo
tasas
pertenecen
al
grupo
Oriental
(ECO).
correlación
probar
explicativo
varianza
mortalidad.
Un
alto
gasto
sanitario
enfermeras
parteras
correlacionan
bajo
directa
proporción
escaños
ocupados
populistas
parlamento
primera
vista,
tampoco
directamente
correlacionadas
panorama
vuelve
complejo
cuando
diferencian
conglomerados
distingue
sin
vacunación.
Contribuyendo
cada
vez
estudiado
calle
públicas
centra
reforma
alimentaria
dirigida
religión.
responder
anima
funcionarios
públicos
convertirse
emprendedores
políticos.
Centrándose
factores
macro,
sostiene
ineficiencia
burocrática,
presión
social
competencia
otros
proveedores
servicios
alientan
involucrarse
firmemente
adoptar
estrategias
empresariales
éxito.
modelo
ilustra
Rabinato
israelí,
institución
estatal
defendió
éxito
monopolio
regulación
certificados
alimentos
Basándose
estadísticas
gubernamentales,
encuestas
pública,
entrevistas
élite
medios
(políticos),
estudio
Interino
Gran
israelí
identificó
momento
insatisfacción
creciente
competidores
privado
ventana
oportunidad
mejorar
prestación
manteniendo
mismo
tiempo
monopolio.
Estos
hallazgos
situaciones
críticas
pueden
generar
innovación
motivar
emprendimiento
materia
políticas.
Si
bien
descuidar
importancia
políticos
multinivel
arriba
abajo,
última
arroja
luz
igualmente
importantes
iniciativas
formulación
abajo
arriba.
Utilizando
métodos
mixtos,
exploran
difusión
dimensión
financiera
presupuesto
participativo
(PP)
decir,
toma
decisiones
colectivas
centrada
público
(Bartocci,
Grossi,
Mauro
Ebdon,
PP
(en
mayoría
locales)
han
aumentado
todo
oleadas
después
impulsado,
otras
cosas,
inicio
Lisboa
nacionales,
jóvenes,
nuevas
implementación
apoyo
centro
derecha
norte
país.
comparativo
OP
portuguesas
inversiones
aseguraron
cuarta
ola
2015-2019,
inversión
media
disminuido
partir
dependían
menos
públicas,
implica
financiero
bastante
débil.
concluyen
que,
democrática
extendido
considerablemente
principios
década
2000,
desempeña
sólo
limitado
absoluta
cápita),
potencial
colectiva.
Language: Английский
Society in charge: the connection of artificial intelligence, responsibility, and ethics in German media discourse
AI and Ethics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 25, 2024
Abstract
Artificial
intelligence
(AI)
is
playing
an
increasingly
important
role
in
society,
and
applications
like
ChatGPT
Dall-E,
which
can
produce
texts
pictures
on
their
own,
are
becoming
very
popular.
This
development
raises
questions
regarding
ethics,
values,
responsibility,
as
AI-generated
documents
may
promote
misinformation
erode
democracy,
while
human
actors
scarcely
be
held
accountable.
AI
technology
also
support
efficient,
rationalized
has
its
advantages
disadvantages.
Two
main
spheres,
influence
society’s
perspective
the
connection
between
AI,
ethics
public
media
debates
legal
system.
Popular
newspapers
reach
broad
audiences,
so
insight
provided
into
what
perspectives
these
issues
helping
everyday
citizens
form
opinions.
Legal
frameworks
potentially
regulate
citizens’
companies’
dealing
with
technology—and
get
included
discussions
AI.
Acknowledging
that,
this
article
presents
a
two-folded
analysis.
First,
results
of
discourse
analysis
113
articles
from
German
newspapers,
ranging
center-left
to
conservative
spectrum.
The
examined
how
frame
responsibility.
discusses
together
theoretical
assumptions
around
question,
society
could
counted
accountable
regards.
Second,
discussion
European
system
added,
evaluate
discourses.
both
parts
finally
further
research
perspectives.
Language: Английский
Штучний інтелект як загальноцільова технологія: виклики та підходи до публічної політики
Проблеми сучасних трансформацій Серія право публічне управління та адміністрування,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Nov. 7, 2024
Стрімкий
розвиток
технологій
штучного
інтелекту
(ШІ)
викликає
нагальну
потребу
в
комплексному
аналізі
його
ролі
та
особливостей
як
об’єкта
публічної
політики.
Сьогодні
ШІ
поступово
перетворюється
на
загальноцільову
технологію
(GPT)
з
потенціалом
суттєвої
трансформації
економічній,
суспільній,
політичній
інших
ключових
сферах.
Це
дослідження
спрямоване
визначення
основних
характеристик
GPT,
аналіз
впливу
різні
аспекти
суспільного
життя,
виявлення
викликів
політики
цій
галузі
створення
концептуальної
моделі
для
ефективного
регулювання
цієї
технології.
У
дослідженні
застосовано
методи
аналізу,
синтезу,
абстрагування,
порівняння
контент-аналізу
наукових
джерел.
На
основі
систематичного
огляду
сучасної
літератури
виокремлено
основні
концепції
щодо
а
також
економіку,
ринок
праці,
демократичні
процеси,
етичні
питання,
безпеку
інші
соціально
важливі
сфери.
Розроблена
отриманих
результатів
концептуальна
модель
"Піраміда
у
ШІ"
систематизує
фундаментальні
характеристики,
ключові
виклики,
стратегії
інструменти,
що
сприяють
розумінню
сфері.
Модель
охоплює
такі
елементи,
характеристики
(міждисциплінарність,
динамічність,
глобальність,
контекстуальність),
виклики
(етичні
дилеми,
технологічна
невизначеність,
соціально-економічні
трансформації),
(гібридне
регулювання,
проактивність,
інклюзивність)
інструменти
(адаптивне
законодавство,
публічно-приватні
партнерства,
фреймворки),
унікальні
риси
(антропоцентричність,
подвійне
призначення,
трансформативний
потенціал).
Результати
свідчать,
що,
попри
великий
потенціал
економічного
зростання
інновацій,
створює
суттєві
ринку
демократії,
безпеки
етичних
стандартів.
підтверджує
важливість
гібридного
підходу
до
ШІ,
поєднує
стимулювання
інновацій
охороною
суспільних
інтересів,
враховує
складну
і
багатогранну
природу
Дослідження
робить
вагомий
теоретичний
практичний
внесок
розробку
ефективної,
етичної
відповідальної
є
необхідним
управління
ризиками
максимізації
вигод.
Подальші
наукові
можуть
зосередитися
розробці
конкретних
механізмів
впровадження
збалансованої
яка
зменшить
потенційні
ризики
підсилить
позитивний
вплив
технології
суспільство.
Situating AI policy: Controversies covered and the normalisation of AI
Big Data & Society,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(4)
Published: Dec. 1, 2024
Artificial
intelligence
has
become
an
issue
in
public
policy.
Multiple
documents
issued
by
sector
actors
link
artificial
to
a
wide
range
of
issues,
problems
or
goals
and
propose
corresponding
measures
interventions.
While
there
been
substantial
research
on
national
supranational
strategies
regulations,
this
article
is
interested
unpacking
the
processes
priorities
policy
making.
Conceptually,
takes
controversy
studies
lens
onto
policy,
complements
with
concepts
insights
from
studies.
Empirically,
we
investigate
emergence
German
based
content
analyses
expert
interviews.
The
findings
reveal
late,
but
then
powerful
institutionalisation
federal
politics.
Germany
focuses
funding
supporting
industry
networked
configurations,
much
more
than
addressing
societal
concerns
inequality,
discrimination
political
economy.
With
regard
controversies,
observe
that
evading
controversies
normalising
both
taking
integration
all
sectors
society
for
granted,
as
well
accommodating
issues
into
routines
institutions
Language: Английский