PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 40(3), P. 631 - 657

Published: Nov. 17, 2020

Abstract We synthesize current understanding of the magnitudes and methods for assessing human wildlife exposures to poly‐ perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Most exposure assessments have focused on 2 5 legacy PFAS, are typically limited targeted PFAS (up ~30 substances). However, shifts in chemical production occurring rapidly, detecting not kept pace with these changes. Total fluorine measurements complemented by suspect screening using high‐resolution mass spectrometry thus emerging as essential tools assessment. Such enable researchers better understand contributions from precursor compounds that degrade into terminal acids. Available data suggest diet is major pathway some but there large variability across populations compounds. Additional total media fraction unidentified organofluorine needed. Drinking water has been established source contaminated communities. As supplies remediated, general population, dust, personal care products, indoor environments, other sources may be more important. A challenge lack statistically representative population surveys. For wildlife, bioaccumulation processes differ substantially between neutral lipophilic organic compounds, prompting a reevaluation traditional metrics. There evidence both phospholipids proteins important tissue partitioning accumulation PFAS. New mechanistic models being developed will assist risk evaluations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:631–657. © 2020 SETAC

Language: Английский

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Probing the Differential Tissue Distribution and Bioaccumulation Behavior of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances of Varying Chain-Lengths, Isomeric Structures and Functional Groups in Crucian Carp

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 52(8), P. 4592 - 4600

Published: April 3, 2018

Understanding the bioaccumulation mechanisms of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) across different chain-lengths, isomers functional groups represents a monumental scientific challenge with implications for chemical regulation. Here, we investigate how differential tissue distribution behavior 25 PFASs in crucian carp from two field sites impacted by point sources can provide information about processes governing uptake, elimination PFASs. Median tissue/blood ratios (TBRs) were consistently <1 all tissues except bile which displayed distinct pattern enrichment several perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids. Transformation concentration data into relative body burdens (RBBs) demonstrated that blood, gonads, muscle together accounted >90% amount organism. Principal component analyses TBRs RBBs showed group was relatively more important predictor internal than chain-length Whole factors (BAFs) short-chain deviated positive relationship hydrophobicity observed longer-chain homologues. Overall, our results suggest TBR, RBB, BAF patterns most consistent protein binding although partitioning to phospholipids may contribute accumulation long-chain specific tissues.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of Published Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) Data for Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Across Aquatic Species

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 40(6), P. 1530 - 1543

Published: Feb. 19, 2021

Abstract Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of man‐made chemicals concern across the globe, some PFAS known to be bioaccumulative in aquatic species. A literature search for bioconcentration factors (BCFs) bioaccumulation (BAFs) has been done, data 22 taxonomic classes were assembled. The assembled evaluated quality, gaps limitations information universe chemicals. In general, carbonyl sulfonyl relatively rich, whereas phosphate, fluorotelomer, ether limited fish nonexistent most other classes. Taxonomic with measurements were, descending order, Teleostei (fish), Bivalvia, Malacostraca. For fish, median whole‐body log BAFs (L/kg wet wt) perfluorooctane sulfonic acid perfluorooctanoic 3.55 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.83, n 84) 2.16 (SD 0.85, 48) using all measurements, respectively. comparison freshwater species, marine further research is needed determine whether species should same or different. appear consistent BCFs developed laboratory experiments, which values decline increasing concentrations water. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1530–1543. Published 2021. This article U.S. Government work public domain USA.

Language: Английский

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Transformation products of pharmaceuticals in the environment: Their fate, (eco)toxicity and bioaccumulation potential

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 802, P. 149916 - 149916

Published: Aug. 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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Sorption and Mobility of Charged Organic Compounds: How to Confront and Overcome Limitations in Their Assessment

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56(8), P. 4702 - 4710

Published: March 30, 2022

Permanently charged and ionizable organic compounds (IOC) are a large diverse group of belonging to many contaminant classes, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, industrial chemicals, natural toxins. Sorption mobility IOCs distinctively different from those neutral compounds. Due electrostatic interactions with sorbents, existing concepts for describing sorption, by extension mobility, inadequate IOC. Predictive models developed based on octanol–water partitioning (Kow) organic-carbon content soil/sediment, which is used normalize sorption measurements (KOC). We revisit their translation IOC (Dow DOC) discuss compound soil properties determining under water saturated conditions. Highlighting possible complementary and/or alternative approaches better assess we implications regulation risk assessment. The development needs consistent reliable at well-defined chemical conditions in porewater, IOC-, as well sorbent characterization. Such should be complemented monitoring data the environment. state knowledge presented here may guide urgently needed future investigations this field researchers, engineers, regulators.

Language: Английский

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Global scanning of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: occurrence, wastewater treatment and hazards in aquatic systems

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 250, P. 1019 - 1031

Published: April 27, 2019

Language: Английский

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Residues, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in highly urbanized rivers affected by water diversion

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 391, P. 122245 - 122245

Published: Feb. 5, 2020

Language: Английский

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Evaluating consumer exposure to disinfecting chemicals against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated health risks

Environment International, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 106108 - 106108

Published: Sept. 3, 2020

Disinfection of surfaces has been recommended as one the most effective ways to combat spread novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, overexposure disinfecting chemicals may lead unintended human health risks. Here, using an indoor fate and chemical exposure model, we estimate 22 on lists by various governmental agencies against COVID-19, resulting from contact with disinfected handwashing. Three near-field routes, i.e., mouthing-mediated oral ingestion, inhalation, dermal absorption, are considered calculate whole-body uptake doses blood concentrations caused single use per day for three age groups (3, 14, 24-year-old). We also assess risks comparing predicted in vivo toxicological data vitro bioactivity data. Our results indicate both total relative contribution each route vary considerably among due their diverse physicochemical properties. 3-year-old children have consistent higher than other groups, especially scenario surfaces, more frequent hand mouthing activities. Due short duration handwashing, do not expect any risk In contrast, result certain children, even once a day. Interestingly, assessments based tend give estimates those reveal important routes used environment; they highlight need accurate properties toxicity better understand associated increased pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Membrane–Water Partition Coefficients to Aid Risk Assessment of Perfluoroalkyl Anions and Alkyl Sulfates

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 53(2), P. 760 - 770

Published: Dec. 20, 2018

This study determined the sorption affinity to artificial phospholipid membranes (KMW) for series of perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs), sulfonates (PFSAs), alkyl sulfates (CxSO4), and 1-alkanesulfonates (CxSO3). A sorbent dilution assay with solid supported lipid (SSLM) showed consistent CF2 unit increments 0.59, CH2 0.53, log KMW hydrogenated anions, respectively. PFSAs sorbed 0.90 units stronger than analogue PFCAs; CxSO4 0.75 CxSO3 anions. The values octyl analogues increase in order H(CH2)8SO3– (1.74) < H(CH2)8SO4– (2.58) F(CF2)8CO2– (PFNA, 4.04) F(CF2)8SO3– (PFOS, 4.88). Intrinsic partition ratios on a coated HPLC column (IAM-HPLC) closely aligned SSLM values. COSMO-RS based molecular calculations anions C8–C14 chains but strongly underestimated C4–C8 Dividing critical narcotic membrane burden 100 mmol/kg by experimental predicts lethal baseline toxicity concentrations (LC50,narc). LC50,narc coincides lowest reported acute LC50 several anionic surfactants were average about an magnitude lower.

Language: Английский

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Bioaccumulation, trophic transfer and biomagnification of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the marine food web of the South China Sea

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 405, P. 124681 - 124681

Published: Nov. 27, 2020

Language: Английский

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