Climate change: Strategies for mitigation and adaptation

The Innovation Geoscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 100015 - 100015

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

<p>The sustainability of life on Earth is under increasing threat due to human-induced climate change. This perilous change in the Earth's caused by increases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases atmosphere, primarily emissions associated with burning fossil fuels. Over next two three decades, effects change, such as heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, storms, floods, are expected worsen, posing greater risks human health global stability. These trends call for implementation mitigation adaptation strategies. Pollution environmental degradation exacerbate existing problems make people nature more susceptible In this review, we examine current state from different perspectives. We summarize evidence Earth’s spheres, discuss emission pathways drivers analyze impact health. also explore strategies highlight key challenges reversing adapting change.</p>

Language: Английский

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Achieving a nature- and people-positive future

One Earth, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 105 - 117

Published: Dec. 5, 2022

Despite decades of increasing investment in conservation, we have not succeeded "bending the curve" biodiversity decline. Efforts to meet new targets and goals for next three risk repeating this outcome due factors: neglect drivers decline; unrealistic expectations time frames recovery; insufficient attention justice within between generations across countries. Our Earth system approach identifies six sets actions that when tackled simultaneously address these failings: (1) reduce reverse direct indirect causing (2) halt loss; (3) restore regenerate a safe state; (4) raise minimum wellbeing all; (5) eliminate over-consumption excesses associated with accumulation capital; (6) uphold respect rights responsibilities all communities, present future. Current conservation campaigns primarily 2 3, urgent upscaling 1, 4, 5, 6 needed help deliver post-2020 global framework.

Language: Английский

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Perspective: sustainability challenges, opportunities and solutions for long-term ecosystem observations

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1881)

Published: May 29, 2023

As interest in natural capital grows and society increasingly recognizes the value of biodiversity, we must discuss how ecosystem observations to detect changes biodiversity can be sustained through collaboration across regions sectors. However, there are many barriers establishing sustaining large-scale, fine-resolution observations. First, comprehensive monitoring data on both possible anthropogenic factors lacking. Second, some situ cannot systematically established maintained locations. Third, equitable solutions sectors countries needed build a global network. Here, by examining individual cases emerging frameworks, mainly from (but not limited to) Japan, illustrate ecological science relies long-term neglecting basic our home planet further reduces chances overcoming environmental crisis. We also techniques opportunities, such as DNA citizen well using existing forgotten sites monitoring, that help overcome difficulties at large scale with fine resolution. Overall, this paper presents call action for joint factors, systematic establishment maintenance observations, network, beyond cultures, languages, economic status. hope proposed framework examples Japan serve starting point discussions collaborations among stakeholders multiple society. It is time take next step detecting socio-ecological systems, if observation made more feasible, they will play an even important role ensuring sustainability future generations. This article part theme issue 'Detecting attributing causes change: needs, gaps solutions'.

Language: Английский

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Monitoring biodiversity loss in rapidly changing Afrotropical ecosystems: an emerging imperative for governance and research

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1881)

Published: May 29, 2023

Africa is experiencing extensive biodiversity loss due to rapid changes in the environment, where natural resources constitute main instrument for socioeconomic development and a mainstay source of livelihoods an increasing population. Lack data information deficiency on biodiversity, but also budget constraints insufficient financial technical capacity, impede sound policy design effective implementation conservation management measures. The problem further exacerbated by lack harmonized indicators databases assess needs monitor losses. We review challenges with (availability, quality, usability database access) as key limiting factor that impacts funding governance. evaluate drivers both ecosystems change central piece knowledge develop implement policies. While continent focuses more latter, we argue two are complementary shaping restoration solutions. thus underscore importance establishing monitoring programmes focusing biodiversity-ecosystem linkages order inform evidence-based decisions ecosystem Africa. This article part theme issue 'Detecting attributing causes change: needs, gaps solutions'.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of the changing abundance of European birds at two spatial scales

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1881)

Published: May 29, 2023

Detecting biodiversity change and identifying its causes is challenging because multifaceted temporal data often contain bias. Here, we model in species' abundance biomass by using extensive describing the population sizes trends of native breeding birds United Kingdom (UK) European Union (EU). In addition, explore how species’ vary with traits. We demonstrate significant bird assemblages UK EU, substantial reductions overall losses concentrated a relatively small number abundant smaller sized species. By contrast, rarer larger had generally fared better. Simultaneously, avian increased very slightly was stable indicating community structure. Abundance across species were positively correlated body mass climate suitability, varied abundance, migration strategy niche associations linked to diet. Our work highlights changes cannot be captured easily single number; care required when measuring interpreting given that different metrics can provide insights. This article part theme issue ‘Detecting attributing change: needs, gaps solutions’.

Language: Английский

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The performance of global forest governance: Three contrasting perspectives

Forest Policy and Economics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 161, P. 103165 - 103165

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

The scope and complexity of international forest-related governance have expanded tremendously over the last decades. As many as 41 ‘institutional elements’ were counted by scholars (from UNFF to UNFCCC SDGs). questions how these arrangements ‘perform’, for what purpose whom are widely contested between practitioners. This paper compares three different analytical frames, which been employed some authors. These 1) consequences a fragmented regime complex, 2) global-local nexus 3) critical global political economy. frames map out their contributions key differences in perspective help focus advance debates. Each is based on theories, epistemologies methodological approaches hence yields results. first frame emphasises institutional policy fragmentation, symbolic nature agreements ineffectiveness measures; second shows progress discourses, design, on-the-ground performance, while third finds has reinforced inequalities power access land natural resources. All authors agree, however, that shift balance novel actor coalitions necessary change current forest trajectory significantly. They also acknowledge need much greater diversity voice representation both research practice governance.

Language: Английский

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Trophic interactions in soil micro‐food webs drive ecosystem multifunctionality along tree species richness

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Rapid biodiversity losses under global climate change threaten forest ecosystem functions. However, our understanding of the patterns and drivers multiple functions across gradients remains equivocal. To address this important knowledge gap, we measured simultaneous responses (nutrient cycling, soil carbon stocks, organic matter decomposition, plant productivity) to a tree species richness gradient 1, 4, 8, 16, 32 in young subtropical forest. We found that had negligible effects on nutrient productivity, but stocks multifunctionality significantly increased with richness. Linear mixed‐effect models showed organisms, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) nematodes, elicited greatest relative multifunctionality. Structural equation revealed indirect mediated by trophic interactions micro‐food webs. Specifically, significant negative effect gram‐positive bacteria nematode abundance (a top‐down effect), positive AMF biomass bottom‐up effect). Overall, study emphasizes significance multitrophic perspective elucidating biodiversity‐multifunctionality relationships highlights conservation functioning webs maintain

Language: Английский

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Innovative and practical tools for monitoring and assessing biodiversity status and impacts of multiple human pressures in marine systems

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 196(8)

Published: July 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Kuala Gula Bird Sanctuary, Perak, Malaysia: Status, challenges and future for migratory shorebirds population in the East-Asian Australian Flyway

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 213, P. 117690 - 117690

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the non-linear associations between the international legal wildlife trade and biodiversity

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 304, P. 111028 - 111028

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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