bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 1, 2023
ABSTRACT
Astrocytes
are
active
players
in
brain
circuits,
sensing
and
responding
to
neuronal
activity,
impacting
behavior
production.
Activation
of
astrocytes
triggers
intracellular
calcium
elevations
displaying
complex
spatiotemporal
properties.
Intracellular
activity
is
thought
underlie
synaptic
transmission,
metabolism,
homeostasis
modulation.
However,
the
calcium-dependent
signaling
pathways
involved
these
processes
poorly
understood,
representing
a
critical
knowledge
gap
this
field.
To
reveal
circuit
structure
function,
we
performed
multi-level
analysis
inositol
1,4,5-triphosphate
receptor
type
2
knockout
(IP3R2
KO)
mouse
model
which
lacks
somatic
specifically
astrocytes.
We
focused
on
hippocampus,
region
responsible
for
cognitive
function
emotional
behaviors.
The
transcriptomic
hippocampal
tissue
revealed
that
lack
astrocytic
causes
differential
expression
hundreds
genes.
Among
these,
76
genes
regulated
by
astrocyte-specific
Foxo1
transcription
factor.
This
factor
over-expressed
regulates
spinogenesis
coverage.
A
detailed
morphological
pyramidal
neurons
dendrites
with
shift
more
immature
spine
profile.
profile
may
previously
described
reduction
long-term
depression
performance
fear
memory
tasks
observed
model.
Indeed,
confirmed
mice
lacking
display
an
enhancement
memory.
verify
causal
relationship
between
structural,
synaptic,
behavioral
observations,
used
viral
approach
induce
over-expression
naïve
C57BL/6J
mice.
viral-driven
stratum
radiatum
replicated
crossing
territory
led
same
region.
Finally,
manipulation
was
sufficient
enhance
characterization
modulate
through
Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(2), P. 155 - 155
Published: Jan. 19, 2023
Synucleins
consist
of
three
proteins
exclusively
expressed
in
vertebrates.
α-Synuclein
(αS)
has
been
identified
as
the
main
proteinaceous
aggregate
Lewy
bodies,
a
pathological
hallmark
many
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Less
is
understood
about
β-synuclein
(βS)
and
γ-synuclein
(γS),
although
it
known
βS
can
interact
with
αS
vivo
to
inhibit
aggregation.
Likewise,
both
γS
αS’s
propensity
vitro.
In
central
nervous
system,
αS,
lesser
extent
γS,
are
highly
neural
presynaptic
terminal,
they
not
strictly
located
there,
emerging
data
have
shown
more
complex
expression
profile.
Synapse
loss
astrocyte
atrophy
early
aspects
degenerative
diseases
brain
correlate
disease
progression.
appear
be
involved
synaptic
transmission,
astrocytes
coordinate
organize
function,
excess
degraded
by
microglia
adjacent
synapse.
also
observed
may
provide
beneficial
roles.
The
astrocytic
responsibility
for
degradation
well
evidence
on
possible
functions
warrant
closer
inspection
astrocyte–synuclein
interactions
at
British Journal of Anaesthesia,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 1, 2024
Surgery
can
induce
severe
neuroinflammation
and
negative
emotional
symptoms,
such
as
anxiety-like
behaviour.
We
studied
whether
reactive
astrocytes
in
the
zona
incerta
(ZI)
mediate
surgery-induced
anxiety
mice.
Journal of Molecular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
72(7), P. 1443 - 1455
Published: May 11, 2022
Abstract
In
this
review
article,
we
present
the
major
insights
from
and
challenges
faced
in
acquisition,
analysis
modeling
of
astrocyte
calcium
activity,
aiming
at
bridging
gap
between
those
fields
to
crack
complex
“Calcium
Code”.
We
then
propose
strategies
reinforce
interdisciplinary
collaborative
projects
unravel
function
health
disease.
Frontiers in Network Physiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
3
Published: Feb. 10, 2023
Astrocytic
fine
processes
are
the
most
minor
structures
of
astrocytes
but
host
much
Ca
2+
activity.
These
localized
signals
spatially
restricted
to
microdomains
crucial
for
information
processing
and
synaptic
transmission.
However,
mechanistic
link
between
astrocytic
nanoscale
microdomain
activity
remains
hazily
understood
because
technical
difficulties
in
accessing
this
structurally
unresolved
region.
In
study,
we
used
computational
models
disentangle
intricate
relations
morphology
local
dynamics
involved
processes.
We
aimed
answer:
1)
how
nano-morphology
affects
transmission,
2)
affect
large
process
they
connect.
To
address
these
issues,
undertook
following
two
modeling:
integrated
vivo
astrocyte
morphological
data
from
a
recent
study
performed
with
super-resolution
microscopy
that
discriminates
sub-compartments
various
shapes,
referred
as
nodes
shafts
classic
IP
3
R-mediated
signaling
framework
describing
intracellular
dynamics,
proposed
node-based
tripartite
synapse
model
linking
predict
effect
structural
deficits
on
Extensive
simulations
provided
us
several
biological
insights:
width
could
strongly
influence
spatiotemporal
variability
properties
what
indeed
determined
was
ratio
shafts,
connectivity
larger
markedly
shaped
signal
parent
rather
than
itself,
3)
changes
part
might
potentially
induce
abnormality
transmission
by
affecting
level
glutamate
at
synapses.
Taken
together,
comprehensive
which
theoretical
computation
highlights
role
nanomorphology
its
possible
mechanisms
related
pathological
conditions.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18
Published: June 26, 2024
Multiple
subfields
of
neuroscience
research
are
beginning
to
incorporate
astrocytes
into
current
frameworks
understanding
overall
brain
physiology,
neuronal
circuitry,
and
disease
etiology
that
underlie
sleep
sleep-related
disorders.
Astrocytes
have
emerged
as
a
dynamic
regulator
activity
through
control
extracellular
space
(ECS)
volume
composition,
both
which
can
vary
dramatically
during
different
levels
arousal.
also
an
attractive
target
due
their
prominent
role
in
the
glymphatic
system,
method
by
toxic
metabolites
generated
wakefulness
cleared
away.
In
this
review
we
assess
literature
surrounding
glial
influences
on
fluctuations
ECS
composition
across
sleep-wake
cycle.
We
examine
mechanisms
astrocyte
regulation
solute
clearance
wake
states.
Overall,
findings
highlight
importance
research.
Neuromethods,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 229 - 263
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
At
tripartite
synapses,
astrocytes
are
in
close
contact
with
neurons
and
contribute
to
various
functions,
from
synaptic
transmission,
maintenance
of
ion
homeostasis,
glutamate
uptake
metabolism.
However,
disentangling
the
precise
contribution
those
phenomena
underlying
biochemical
mechanisms
is
remarkably
challenging.
This
notably
results
their
highly
ramified
morphology,
nanoscopic
size
majority
astrocyte
processes,
poorly
understood
information
encoded
by
spatiotemporally
diverse
calcium
signals.
book
chapter
presents
selected
computational
models
involvement
glutamatergic
transmission.
The
goal
this
present
representative
function
conjunction
biological
questions
they
can
investigate.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 6, 2024
Abstract
Electrophysiological
properties
underlie
the
fundamental
mechanisms
of
brain.
Although
astrocytes
have
typically
been
considered
not
electrically
excitable,
recent
studies
shown
depolarization
induced
by
local
extracellular
potassium
changes
caused
neuronal
activity.
Interestingly,
astro-cytic
is
only
within
periphery
astrocyte,
where
contact
neurons.
This
affects
brain’s
information
processing,
as
alters
astrocyte
functionality
and
neurotransmit-ter
dynamics.
However,
specific
causing
astrocytic
remained
unknown
due
to
limitations
experimental
techniques.
Here,
we
construct
a
computational
whole-cell
model
containing
experimen-tally
verified
channels
relevant
depolarization.
Using
our
model,
suggest
that
previously
reported
alone
are
insufficient
for
additional
required.
Our
sim-ulations
show
NMDARs
contribute
this
cooperating
with
Kir
4.1
actively
enhance
concentration
and,
thus,
sustain
Frontiers in Computer Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
6
Published: Sept. 25, 2024
The
study
of
the
geometric
organization
biological
tissues
has
a
rich
history
in
literature.
However,
geometry
and
architecture
individual
cells
within
traditionally
relied
upon
manual
or
indirect
measures
shape.
Such
rudimentary
are
largely
result
challenges
associated
with
acquiring
high
resolution
images
cellular
components,
as
well
lack
computational
approaches
to
analyze
large
volumes
high-resolution
data.
This
is
especially
true
brain
tissue,
which
composed
complex
array
cells.
Here
we
review
tools
that
have
been
applied
unravel
nanoarchitecture
astrocytes,
type
cell
increasingly
being
shown
be
essential
for
function.
Astrocytes
among
most
structurally
functionally
diverse
mammalian
body
partner
neurons.
Light
microscopy
does
not
allow
adequate
astrocyte
morphology,
however,
large-scale
serial
electron
data,
provides
nanometer
3D
models,
enabling
visualization
fine,
convoluted
structure
astrocytes.
Application
computer
vision
methods
resulting
nanoscale
models
helping
reveal
organizing
principles
but
complete
understanding
its
functional
implications
will
require
further
adaptation
existing
tools,
development
new
approaches.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 1, 2023
ABSTRACT
Astrocytes
are
active
players
in
brain
circuits,
sensing
and
responding
to
neuronal
activity,
impacting
behavior
production.
Activation
of
astrocytes
triggers
intracellular
calcium
elevations
displaying
complex
spatiotemporal
properties.
Intracellular
activity
is
thought
underlie
synaptic
transmission,
metabolism,
homeostasis
modulation.
However,
the
calcium-dependent
signaling
pathways
involved
these
processes
poorly
understood,
representing
a
critical
knowledge
gap
this
field.
To
reveal
circuit
structure
function,
we
performed
multi-level
analysis
inositol
1,4,5-triphosphate
receptor
type
2
knockout
(IP3R2
KO)
mouse
model
which
lacks
somatic
specifically
astrocytes.
We
focused
on
hippocampus,
region
responsible
for
cognitive
function
emotional
behaviors.
The
transcriptomic
hippocampal
tissue
revealed
that
lack
astrocytic
causes
differential
expression
hundreds
genes.
Among
these,
76
genes
regulated
by
astrocyte-specific
Foxo1
transcription
factor.
This
factor
over-expressed
regulates
spinogenesis
coverage.
A
detailed
morphological
pyramidal
neurons
dendrites
with
shift
more
immature
spine
profile.
profile
may
previously
described
reduction
long-term
depression
performance
fear
memory
tasks
observed
model.
Indeed,
confirmed
mice
lacking
display
an
enhancement
memory.
verify
causal
relationship
between
structural,
synaptic,
behavioral
observations,
used
viral
approach
induce
over-expression
naïve
C57BL/6J
mice.
viral-driven
stratum
radiatum
replicated
crossing
territory
led
same
region.
Finally,
manipulation
was
sufficient
enhance
characterization
modulate
through
