The complexity of measuring reliability in learning tasks: An illustration using the Alternating Serial Reaction Time Task

Behavior Research Methods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(1), P. 301 - 317

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Abstract Despite the fact that reliability estimation is crucial for robust inference, it underutilized in neuroscience and cognitive psychology. Appreciating can help researchers increase statistical power, effect sizes, reproducibility, decrease impact of measurement error, inform methodological choices. However, accurately calculating many experimental learning tasks challenging. In this study, we highlight a number these issues, estimate multiple metrics internal consistency split-half widely used task on large sample 180 subjects. We show how pre-processing choices, length, size affect its estimation. Our results Alternating Serial Reaction Time Task has respectable reliability, especially when scores are calculated based reaction times two-stage averaging. also length 25 blocks be sufficient to meet usual thresholds minimally acceptable reliability. further illustrate relying single point misleading, calculation metrics, along with their uncertainties, lead more complete characterization psychometric properties tasks.

Language: Английский

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The hemispheric differences in prefrontal function of Internet game disorder and non-Internet game disorder: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

This study explored the differences in brain activation between individuals with and without Internet gaming disorder (IGD) through likelihood estimation analysis. In total, 39 studies were included based on inclusion exclusion criteria by searching literature PubMed Web of Science databases, as well reading other reviews. The analysis revealed that activated regions IGD right inferior frontal gyrus, left cingulate lentiform nucleus. comparison, non-IGD middle frontal, anterior cingulate, precentral, precentral gyri. results present further confirm existing theoretical hypotheses. Future should explore hemispheric prefrontal function non-IGD.

Language: Английский

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Rational arbitration between statistics and rules in human sequence processing

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(8), P. 1087 - 1103

Published: May 2, 2022

Language: Английский

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Statistical learning occurs during practice while high-order rule learning during rest period

npj Science of Learning, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: July 1, 2021

Abstract Knowing when the brain learns is crucial for both comprehension of memory formation and consolidation developing new training neurorehabilitation strategies in healthy patient populations. Recently, a rapid form offline learning during short rest periods has been shown to account most procedural learning, leading hypothesis that mainly between practice periods. Nonetheless, several subcomponents not disentangled previous studies investigating dynamics, such as acquiring statistical regularities task, or else high-order rules regulate its organization. Here we analyzed 506 behavioral sessions implicit visuomotor deterministic probabilistic sequence tasks, allowing distinction general skill rule learning. Our results show temporal dynamics apparently simultaneous processes differ. While acquired offline, evidenced online. These findings open avenues on short-scale reveal fundamental former benefiting from online evidence accumulation latter requiring consolidation.

Language: Английский

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Neurophysiological and functional neuroanatomical coding of statistical and deterministic rule information during sequence learning

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 42(10), P. 3182 - 3201

Published: April 2, 2021

Abstract Humans are capable of acquiring multiple types information presented in the same stream. It has been suggested that at least two parallel learning processes important during sequential patterns—statistical and rule‐based learning. Yet, neurophysiological underpinnings these not fully understood. To differentiate between simultaneous mechanisms single trial level, we apply a temporal EEG signal decomposition approach together with sLORETA source localization method to delineate whether distinct statistical codes can be distinguished data related functional neuroanatomical structures. We demonstrate concomitant but aspects coded N2 time window play role mechanisms: mismatch detection response control underlie learning, respectively, albeit different levels time‐sensitivity. Moreover, effects temporally decomposed clusters neural activity also differed from each other sources. Importantly, right inferior frontal cortex (BA44) was specifically implicated visuomotor confirming its acquisition transitional probabilities. In contrast, associated prefrontal gyrus (BA6). The results show how operate level orchestrated by cortical areas. current findings deepen our understanding on humans stimulus stream fashion.

Language: Английский

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Sequence-dependent predictive coding during the learning and rewiring of skills

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract In the constantly changing environment that characterizes our daily lives, ability to predict and adapt new circumstances is crucial. This study examines influence of sequence knowledge adaptiveness on predictive coding in skill learning rewiring. Participants were exposed two different visuomotor sequences with overlapping probabilities. By applying temporal decomposition multivariate pattern analysis, we dissected neural underpinnings across levels signal coding. The provides neurophysiological evidence for shaping coding, revealing these are intricately linked predominantly manifest at abstract motor levels. These findings challenge traditional view a competitive relationship between context knowledge, suggesting instead hierarchical integration where their properties processed simultaneously. facilitates adaptive reuse existing face learning. shedding light mechanisms sequences, this research contributes deeper understanding how brain navigates adapts environmental changes, offering insights into foundational processes underlie adaptation dynamic contexts.

Language: Английский

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Modality-specific and modality-independent neural representations work in concert in predictive processes during sequence learning

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(12), P. 7783 - 7796

Published: March 21, 2023

Abstract Probabilistic sequence learning supports the development of skills and enables predictive processing. It remains contentious whether visuomotor is driven by representation visual (perceptual coding) or response (motor coding). Neurotypical adults performed a task. Learning occurred incidentally as it was evidenced faster responses to high-probability than low-probability targets. To uncover neurophysiology process, we conducted both univariate analyses multivariate pattern (MVPAs) on temporally decomposed EEG signal. Univariate showed that modulated amplitudes motor code signal but not in perceptual perceptual-motor signals. However, MVPA revealed all 3 codes contribute neurophysiological learnt probabilities. Source localization involvement wider network frontal parietal activations were distinctive across coding levels. These findings suggest sequential regularities rather neither–nor distinction. Moreover, modality-specific encoding worked concert with modality-independent representations, which suggests probabilistic nonunitary encompasses set principles.

Language: Английский

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Finding Pattern in the Noise: Persistent Implicit Statistical Knowledge Impacts the Processing of Unpredictable Stimuli

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(7), P. 1239 - 1264

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Humans can extract statistical regularities of the environment to predict upcoming events. Previous research recognized that implicitly acquired knowledge remained persistent and continued influence behavior even when were no longer present in environment. Here, an fMRI experiment, we investigated how persistence is represented brain. Participants (n = 32) completed a visual, four-choice, RT task consisting regularities. Two types blocks constantly alternated with one another throughout task: predictable block type unpredictable ones other. unaware their changing distribution across blocks. Yet, they showed significant at behavioral level not only but also ones, albeit smaller extent. Brain activity range cortical subcortical areas, including early visual cortex, insula, right inferior frontal gyrus, globus pallidus/putamen contributed acquisition The hippocampus as well bilateral angular gyrus seemed play role maintaining this knowledge. results altogether suggest could be exploited relevant, context transmitted retrieved irrelevant without structure.

Language: Английский

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Similarity of brain activity patterns during learning and subsequent resting state predicts memory consolidation

Cortex, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 179, P. 168 - 190

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Spontaneous reactivation of brain activity from learning to a subsequent off-line period has been implicated as neural mechanism underlying memory consolidation. However, similarities in may also emerge result individual, trait-like characteristics. Here, we introduced novel approach for analyzing continuous electroencephalography (EEG) data investigate learning-induced changes well characteristics Thirty-one healthy young adults performed task, and their performance was retested after short (∼1 h) delay. Consolidation two distinct types information (serial-order probability) embedded the task were tested reveal functional networks that uniquely predict respective performance. EEG recorded during pre- post-learning rest periods. To associated with consolidation, quantified connectivity between pre-learning (baseline similarity) (post-learning similarity). While comparable patterns these could indicate similarities, baseline similarity changes, possibly spontaneous reactivation. Higher alpha frequency (8.5–9.5 Hz) better consolidation serial-order information, particularly long-range connections across central parietal sites. The probability delta (2.5–3 specifically more local, short-range connections. Furthermore, there substantial overlap associations performance, suggesting robust (trait-like) differences processes.

Language: Английский

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Regularity detection under stress: Faster extraction of probability-based regularities

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. e0253123 - e0253123

Published: June 15, 2021

Acute stress can crucially influence learning and memory processes. One of the key processes underlying human is ability our brain to rapidly detect extract regularities from sensory input across time space leading effective predictive processing. Here, we aimed get an in-depth look into effect on acquisition two aspects regularity extraction. We examined whether how affects (1) probability-based (2) serial order-based in same experimental design, (3) explicit access acquired information. Considering that a relatively rapid process, primarily focused early phase task. induced with Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test 27 young adults, while 26 participants were enrolled control group. Salivary cortisol levels subjective ratings affective states showed successful induction. After induction, measured extraction cued Alternating Serial Reaction Time found promoted by performance task did not alter regularities. Post-block reports weaker Our results contribute process-level understanding alters functions related

Language: Английский

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