Associations Between Socioeconomic Status, Obesity, Cognition, and White Matter Microstructure in Children

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. e2320276 - e2320276

Published: June 27, 2023

Importance Lower neighborhood and household socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with negative health outcomes altered brain structure in children. It is unclear whether such findings extend to white matter via what mechanisms. Objective To assess how SES independently children’s microstructure examine obesity cognitive performance (reflecting environmental sensory stimulation) plausible mediators. Design, Setting, Participants This cross-sectional study used baseline data from participants the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Data were collected at 21 US sites, school-based recruitment was represent population. Children aged 9 11 years their parents or caregivers completed assessments between October 1, 2016, 31, 2018. After exclusions, 8842 of 875 children ABCD included analyses. analysis conducted July December 19, 2022. Exposures Neighborhood disadvantage derived area deprivation indices participants’ primary residence. Household factors total income highest parental educational attainment. Main Outcomes Measures A restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) model quantify restricted normalized directional (RND; reflecting oriented myelin organization) isotropic (RNI; glial neuronal cell bodies) diffusion 31 major tracts. The RSI measurements scanner harmonized. Obesity assessed through body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight kilograms divided by height meters squared), age- sex-adjusted BMI z scores, waist circumference, cognition National Institutes Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, pubertal development stage, intracranial volume, mean head motion, twin siblingship. Results Among children, 4543 (51.4%) boys, (SD) age 9.9 (0.7) years. Linear mixed-effects models revealed that greater lower RSI-RND left superior longitudinal fasciculus (β = −0.055; 95% CI, −0.081 −0.028) forceps −0.040; −0.067 −0.013). attainment bilateral (eg, right hemisphere: β 0.053; 0.025-0.080) corticospinal pyramidal tract 0.042; 0.015-0.069). Structural equation score higher disadvantage: −0.012; −0.016 −0.009) −0.004; −0.006 −0.001) partially accounted associations RSI-RND. RSI-RNI most tracts inferior fasciculus: −0.042 [95% −0.073 −0.012]; anterior thalamic radiations: −0.045 −0.075 −0.014]), had similar primarily frontolimbic fornix: 0.046 0.019-0.074]; 0.045 0.018-0.072]). −0.048; −0.077 −0.020). Greater these 0.015; 0.011-0.020). Findings robust sensitivity analyses corroborated using tensor imaging. Conclusions Relevance In this study, both contexts suggested possible mediators associations. Future research on may benefit considering multiple perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Lifespan reference curves for harmonizing multi-site regional brain white matter metrics from diffusion MRI

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Age-related white matter (WM) microstructure maturation and decline occur throughout the human lifespan with a unique trajectory in brain, complementing process of gray development degeneration. Normative modeling can establish reference curves for typical WM microstructural aging patterns by pooling data from many independent studies that span different age ranges. Here, we create such harmonizing diffusion MRI (dMRI)-derived ten public datasets (N = 40,898 subjects; age: 3-95 years; 47.6% male). We tested three ComBat harmonization methods to normative regional tensor imaging (DTI) based fractional anisotropy (FA), widely used metric microstructure, extracted using ENIGMA-DTI pipeline. ComBat-GAM provided multi-study trajectories most consistent neuroscientific knowledge regarding peaks. Harmonized FA metrics were curves, which validated test-retest assess effect ApoE4 risk factor dementia across lifespan. found significant associations between regions associated neurodegenerative disease even healthy individuals lifespan, age-by-genotype interactions. Within-study not affected harmonization, ensuring large-scale harmonized be conducted distinct age-restricted studies, without compromising individual study findings. Our tools harmonize new dMRI are available through our Python package, eHarmonize (https://github.com/ahzhu/eharmonize).

Language: Английский

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Exposure to multiple ambient air pollutants changes white matter microstructure during early adolescence with sex-specific differences

Communications Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Air pollution is ubiquitous, yet questions remain regarding its impact on the developing brain. Large changes occur in white matter microstructure across adolescence, with notable differences by sex. We investigate sex-stratified effects of annual exposure to fine particulate (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) at ages 9–10 years longitudinal patterns over a 2-year period. Diffusion-weighted imaging was collected 3T MRI scanners for 8182 participants (1–2 scans per subject; 45% two scans) from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®. Restriction spectrum performed quantify intracellular isotropic (RNI) directional (RND) diffusion. Ensemble-based air concentrations were assigned each child's primary residential address. Multi-pollutant, linear mixed-effect models assessed associations between pollutants RNI/RND age time, adjusting sociodemographic factors. Here we show higher PM2.5 associated RND 9 both sexes, no significant change time. Higher NO2 RNI as well attenuating time females. O3 9, sexes. Criteria influence maturation 9–13 old, some sex-specific magnitude anatomical locations affected tracts. This occurs that are below current U.S. standards, suggesting low-level during adolescence may have long-term consequences. known affect health, but it unclear whether affects growing human investigated there development connections, which allow faster communication different brain regions, children aged 9-13 living areas relatively low or high USA. In large group teens, find polluted linked 9-10 old next years. cases, males females showed part showing amount change. Our study suggests levels deemed acceptable under regulations USA could how grows. Further studies needed better understand these changes. Cotter et al. ambient pollutant microstructural transition childhood adolescence. There associations, primarily affecting sexes

Language: Английский

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Sex, gender diversity, and brain structure in early adolescence

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(5)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract There remains little consensus about the relationship between sex and brain structure, particularly in early adolescence. Moreover, few pediatric neuroimaging studies have analyzed both gender as variables of interest—many which included small sample sizes relied on binary definitions gender. The current study examined diversity with a continuous felt‐gender score categorized based X Y allele frequency large children ages 9–11 years old ( N = 7195). Then, statistical model‐building approach was employed to determine whether independently or jointly relate morphology, including subcortical volume, cortical thickness, gyrification, white matter microstructure. Additional sensitivity analyses found that male versus female differences gyrification were largely accounted for by total rather than per se. model sex, but not diversity, best‐fitting 60.1% gray regions 61.9% after adjusting volume. proportion variance negligible all cases. While models explained greater amount regions, alone significant predictor its own any examined. Overall, these findings demonstrate at old, accounts while is directly associated neurostructural diversity.

Language: Английский

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Sex and mental health are related to subcortical brain microstructure

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(31)

Published: July 23, 2024

Some mental health problems such as depression and anxiety are more common in females, while others autism attention deficit/hyperactivity (AD/H) males. However, the neurobiological origins of these sex differences poorly understood. Animal studies have shown substantial neuronal glial cell structure, human brain imaging only small differences, which largely reflect overall body size. Advanced diffusion MRI techniques can be used to examine intracellular, extracellular, free water signal contributions provide unique insights into microscopic cellular structure. extent exist metrics subcortical gray matter structures implicated psychiatric disorders is not known. Here, we show large sex-related microstructure regions, including hippocampus, thalamus, nucleus accumbens a sample young adults. Unlike conventional T1-weighted structural imaging, remained after adjustment for age volume. Further, thalamus amygdala were associated with depression, anxiety, AD/H, antisocial personality problems. Diffusion may mechanistic origin behavior over life course help bridge gap between findings from experimental, epidemiological, clinical research.

Language: Английский

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White matter microstructure shows sex differences in late childhood: Evidence from 6797 children

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44(2), P. 535 - 548

Published: Sept. 29, 2022

Sex differences in white matter microstructure have been robustly demonstrated the adult brain using both conventional and advanced diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging approaches. However, sex prior to adulthood remain poorly understood; previous developmental work focused on metrics yielded mixed results. Here, we rigorously characterized among over 6000 children from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study who were between 9 10 years old. Microstructure was quantified model-diffusion tensor (DTI)-and an model, restriction spectrum (RSI). DTI included fractional anisotropy (FA) mean, axial, radial diffusivity (MD, AD, RD). RSI normalized isotropic, directional, total intracellular diffusion (N0, ND, NT). We found significant replicable or every region examined across brain. FA regionally specific. Across regions, boys exhibited greater MD, RD than girls, average. Girls displayed increased N0, NT compared boys, average, suggesting cell neurite density girls. Together, these robust findings provide important foundation for understanding health disease.

Language: Английский

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Sex-differences in brain multimodal estimates of white matter microstructure during early adolescence: Sex-specific associations with biological factors

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Adolescence is marked by significant maturation of brain white matter microstructure, with evidence for sex-specific maturational trajectory. Most studies have examined conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics, which lack specificity to the underlying tissue modifications. In this study, we characterized sex-differences in microstructure cross-sectionally using DTI, advanced spectrum (DSI) and kurtosis (DKI), as well tract integrity-Watson (WMTI-W) biophysical model. We also aimed explore effect age biological systems undergoing changes during adolescence, namely pubertal hormones, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis function, glutathione-redox cycle homeostasis. The results indicate widespread all derived suggesting more females compared males distinct modifications between narrow developmental period. Additionally, three factors explored appeared be associated indices specifically, emphasizing period critical female development sensitivity environmental factors.

Language: Английский

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Childhood obesity is linked to putative neuroinflammation in brain white matter, hypothalamus, and striatum

Cerebral Cortex Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(2)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract Neuroinflammation is both a consequence and driver of overfeeding weight gain in rodent obesity models. Advances magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enable investigations brain microstructure that suggests neuroinflammation human obesity. To assess the convergent validity across MRI techniques extend previous findings, we used diffusion basis spectrum (DBSI) to characterize obesity-associated alterations 601 children (age 9–11 years) from Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study. Compared with normal-weight, greater DBSI restricted fraction (RF), reflecting neuroinflammation-related cellularity, was seen widespread white matter overweight Greater DBSI-RF hypothalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, and, particular, nucleus accumbens, correlated higher baseline body mass index related anthropometrics. Comparable findings were striatum previously reported restriction (RSI) model. Gain waist circumference over 1 2 years related, at nominal significance, RSI-assessed accumbens respectively. Here demonstrate childhood associated microstructural matter, striatum. Our results also support reproducibility, methods, obesity-related putative children.

Language: Английский

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Sleep duration and efficiency moderate the effects of prenatal and childhood ambient pollutant exposure on global white matter microstructural integrity in adolescence

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 16, 2025

Air pollution is a ubiquitous neurotoxicant associated with alterations in structural connectivity. Good habitual sleep may be an important protective lifestyle factor due to its involvement the brain waste clearance and bidirectional relationship immune function. Wearable multisensory devices provide more objective measures of quantity quality. We investigated whether duration efficiency moderated between prenatal childhood pollutant exposure whole-brain white matter microstructural integrity at ages 10-13 years. used multi-shell diffusion-weighted imaging data collected on 3T MRI scanners Fitbit Charge 2 from 2-year follow-up visit for 2178 subjects Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study®. White tracts were identified using probabilistic atlas. Restriction spectrum was performed extract restricted normalized isotropic (RNI) directional (RND) signal fraction parameters all tracts, then averaged calculate global measures. Sleep calculated by summing time spent each stage; dividing bed. Using ensemble-based modeling approach, air concentrations PM 2.5 , NO O 3 assigned child's residential addresses during period (9-month average before birthdate) as well 9- 10 Multi-pollutant linear mixed effects models assessed associations RNI RND sleep-by-pollutant interactions, adjusting appropriate covariates. interacted affect Longer higher context lower compared those similar but shorter efficiency. Low-level poses risk health youth, healthy increase resilience harmful integrity. Future studies should evaluate generalizability these results diverse cohorts utilize longitudinal understand how impact trajectories over time.

Language: Английский

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Multivariate links between the developmental timing of adversity exposure and white matter tract connectivity in adulthood

Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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