Immune Response to COVID-19 and mRNA Vaccination in Immunocompromised Individuals: A Narrative Review

Infectious Diseases and Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 1391 - 1414

Published: May 25, 2022

Immunocompromised individuals are at high risk of poor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes and demonstrate a lower immune response to COVID-19 vaccines, including the novel mRNA vaccines that have been shown elicit neutralizing antibody levels. This review synthesized available data on critically assessed vaccine immunogenicity in this vulnerable subpopulation. Patients with various immunocompromising conditions exhibit diverse responses severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection severity mortality, responses, particularly solid organ transplant recipients. Strategies improve immunocompromised being implemented recommendations, use third fourth dose beyond two-dose series. Additional doses may enhance effectiveness help provide broad coverage against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Continued investigation dosing regimens will refine approaches protect subpopulation from COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Pathogenic organism and risk factors of infection after acute ischemic stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic

Electronic Journal of General Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(5), P. em604 - em604

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

This study aims to determine the pathogen organisms’ profile and risk factors for infection after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) during COVID-19 pandemic because of few studies. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional using medical records AIS inpatients at National Brain Center Hospital Prof. Dr. dr. Mahar Mardjono, Jakarta, Indonesia, from 2020-2021. found species organisms based on positive growth microbiological cultures various specimens. Among 479 patients, prevalence was 12.3%. common pathogenic were Gram-negative bacteria, there drug-resistant strains in <i>S. aureus, S. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae,</i> <i>E. coli. </i>The COVID-19-infected patients pneumonia (OR 6.89, 95% CI 1.49-31.79, <i>p </i>= 0.013) intensive care stay 0.13, 0.05-0.36, </i>&lt; 0.001); meanwhile, non-COVID-19 HIV comorbidity 1.55, 1.18-2.06, 0.002), leukocytosis 0.07, 0.01-0.43, 0.004), use CVC 0.29, 0.12-0.68, 0.005), steroids 0.21, 0.06-0.70, 0.011), tracheostomy 0.17, 0.05-0.62, 0.007). To sum up, indicated that infections did not increase. The factor depends characteristics whether they have or been infected.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of Anxiety and Depression Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Pregnant Women During COVID-19 Pandemic in Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria

International Journal of General Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: Volume 15, P. 4123 - 4130

Published: April 1, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the significant public health crisis of 21st century that has disrupted personal, local, and international territorial relationships. Earlier studies have shown people with HIV were at least twice risk dying from COVID-19 than general population. There are also deep concerns about indirect impact on women within reproductive age group in Sub-Saharan Africa who already struggling to access healthcare services. In addition, pregnant HIV-positive an increased rate anxiety depression. This study, therefore, examined depression disorders response pandemic.This cross-sectional study used a structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic information, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) assessment tools. Data obtained analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 26.Ninety-nine (99) representing 78% 127 enrolled PMTCT program eligible this study. number matched 99 randomly selected HIV-negative areas as controls. Major depressive disorder (MDD) severe significantly higher among (PHQ-9 Mean ± SD 8.0 5.4 vs 2.3 2.9; p = 0.000) (GAD-7 5.9 4.6 1.2 2.2; 0.000).Given high prevalence major women, mental care should be incorporated into prevention positive interventions strategies reduce consequences pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Respiratory Infectious Diseases and Adherence to Nonpharmacological Interventions for Overcoming COVID-19 Pandemic: A Self-Reported Study

International Journal of Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 6

Published: April 7, 2022

Background. The aim of the study was to examine changes in frequency respiratory diseases during COVID-19 pandemic and correlate with nonpharmacological interventions for overcoming pandemic. In addition, explored predictors adherence among Jordanian public. Method. is survey-based self-reported, using convenient sampling. conducted October–November 2021. Results. included 1714 participants. About one-quarter participants reported decreases incidence cold (21.9%), influenza (24.7%), infections other than (23.3%), tonsillitis (23.0%), oral ulcers (23.5%). On hand, majority no change above (62.0–64.4%). Adherence sample moderate. percentages people who always wear a mask, follow social distancing, use sanitizing procedures were 47.1%, 37.8%, 68.8% respectively. ANOVA test showed significant correlation between respiratory/oral interventions. multiple regression that followed news, have children, job, being married more adhered measures compared others. Conclusion. Implementation used overcome can be applied reduce their peak seasons.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 infection rate after urgent versus elective total hip replacement among unvaccinated individuals: A multicenter prospective cohort amid the COVID-19 pandemic

Annals of Medicine and Surgery, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 80

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals have become unsafe for patients as potential sources of virus transmission. This study aims determine infection rate after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) among unvaccinated patients. THA undergoing elective or traumatic (urgent) were compared regarding contraction.Primary prospectively followed from three in *two great cities* country between April 2020 August 2021. If patient had suspected symptoms, a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and/or chest CT scan.Finally, information was received 436 patients, including 345 (79.1%) 91 (20.9%) THAs. Eight (1.8%) contracted within month discharge, two died due COVID-19. There no statistical difference disease type surgery (elective 1.4% versus 3.3%, P = 0.24). Women (Odds ratio (95% CI) 8.5 (2.1-35.2), 0.01) those who heart with Haldane-Anscombe correction ≈ 14.0, more likely contract postoperatively.In both urgent cases THA, researchers found that there is not high risk contracting during peri-surgery period. Urgent surgeries are comparable THA-with strict pre-elective protocols-in terms hospital stay if appropriate health protocols followed.

Language: Английский

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