Journal of Materials Chemistry B,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(10), P. 2036 - 2062
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Hydrogels,
soft
3D
materials
of
cross-linked
hydrophilic
polymer
chains
with
a
high
water
content,
have
found
numerous
applications
in
biomedicine
because
their
similarity
to
native
tissue,
biocompatibility
and
tuneable
properties.
In
general,
hydrogels
are
poor
conductors
electric
current,
due
the
insulating
nature
commonly-used
chains.
A
number
biomedical
require
or
benefit
from
an
increased
electrical
conductivity.
These
include
used
as
scaffolds
for
tissue
engineering
electroactive
cells,
strain-sensitive
sensors
platforms
controlled
drug
delivery.
The
incorporation
conductive
nanomaterials
results
nanocomposite
which
combine
conductivity
nature,
flexibility
content
hydrogels.
Here,
we
review
state
art
such
materials,
describing
theories
current
conduction
hydrogels,
outlining
limitations
highlighting
methods
improving
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
8(46), P. 24718 - 24733
Published: Jan. 1, 2020
A
self-healing
hydrogel
ionic
conductor
has
been
developed
by
combining
dynamic
covalent
chemistry
with
nanofiller
reinforcement
and
micelle
crosslinking,
used
for
sensing
of
diverse
human
activities.
iScience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
24(11), P. 103174 - 103174
Published: Sept. 27, 2021
Skin-like
electronics
are
developing
rapidly
to
realize
a
variety
of
applications
such
as
wearable
sensing
and
soft
robotics.
Hydrogels,
biomaterials,
have
been
studied
intensively
for
skin-like
electronic
utilities
due
their
unique
features
softness,
wetness,
biocompatibility
ionic
capability.
These
could
potentially
blur
the
gap
between
biological
systems
hard
artificial
machines.
However,
development
hydrogel
devices
is
still
in
its
infancy
faces
challenges
including
limited
functionality,
low
ambient
stability,
poor
surface
adhesion,
relatively
high
power
consumption
(as
sensors).
This
review
aims
summarize
current
skin-inspired
address
these
challenges.
We
first
conduct
an
overview
hydrogels
existing
strategies
increase
toughness
conductivity.
Next,
we
describe
approaches
leverage
with
advanced
merits
anti-dehydration,
anti-freezing,
adhesion.
Thereafter,
highlight
state-of-the-art
electronics,
robotics,
energy
harvesting.
Finally,
conclude
outline
future
trends.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
32(1)
Published: Oct. 1, 2021
Abstract
Flexible
electronic
devices
(FEDs)
based
on
hydrogels
are
attracting
increasing
interest,
but
the
fabrication
of
for
FEDs
with
adhesiveness
and
high
robustness
in
harsh‐temperature
conditions
long‐term
use
remains
a
challenge.
Herein,
glutinous‐rice‐inspired
adhesive
organohydrogels
developed
by
introducing
amylopectin
into
copolymer
network
through
“one‐pot”
crosslinking
procedure
glycerol–water
mixed
solvent
containing
potassium
chloride
as
conductive
ingredient.
The
exhibit
excellent
transparency
(>90%),
conductivity,
stretchability,
tensile
strength,
adhesiveness,
anti‐freezing
property,
moisture
retention
ability.
wearable
strain
sensor
assembled
from
achieves
wide
working
range,
sensitivity
(gauge
factor:
8.82),
low
response
time,
reversibility,
properly
responds
long‐time
storage
(90
days).
is
further
integrated
Bluetooth
transmitter
receiver
fabricating
wireless
sensors.
Notably,
sandwich‐structured
capacitive
pressure
reliefs
electrodes
records
new
gauge
factor
9.43
kPa
−1
detection
limit,
outstanding
reversibility.
Furthermore,
detachable
durable
batteries
all‐in‐one
supercapacitors
also
fabricated
utilizing
electrolytes.
Overall,
this
work
offers
strategy
to
fabricate
robust
toward
sensing,
power
supply,
energy
storage.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(37), P. 43831 - 43854
Published: Sept. 13, 2021
Stretchable
electronics
that
can
elongate
elastically
as
well
flex
are
crucial
to
a
wide
range
of
emerging
technologies,
such
wearable
medical
devices,
electronic
skin,
and
soft
robotics.
Critical
stretchable
is
their
ability
withstand
large
mechanical
strain
without
failure
while
retaining
electrical
conduction
properties,
feat
significantly
beyond
traditional
metals
silicon-based
semiconductors.
Herein,
we
present
review
the
recent
advances
in
conductive
polymer
nanocomposites
with
exceptional
stretchability
which
have
potential
transform
applications,
including
sensors
for
biophysical
signals,
conductors
electrodes,
deformable
energy-harvesting
-storage
devices.
achieving
these
stretching
properties
judicious
selection
hybridization
nanomaterials,
novel
microstructure
designs,
facile
fabrication
processes,
focus
this
Review.
To
highlight
potentials
nanocomposites,
summary
some
important
applications
presented,
COVID-19
remote
monitoring,
connected
health,
skin
augmented
intelligence,
Finally,
perspectives
on
future
challenges
new
research
opportunities
also
presented
discussed.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(23), P. 26536 - 26547
Published: June 3, 2022
Flexible
wearable
devices
have
achieved
remarkable
applications
in
health
monitoring
because
of
the
advantages
multisignal
collecting
and
real-time
wireless
transmission
information.
However,
integration
bulky
sensing
elements
rigid
metal
circuit
components
traditional
may
lead
to
a
mechanical
signal-conducting
mismatch
between
biological
tissues,
thus
restricting
their
wide
human
body.
The
excellent
properties,
conductivity,
high
tissue
resemblance
conductive
hydrogel
contribute
its
application
flexible
electronic
sensors
monitor
health.
In
this
work,
dual-network,
temperature-responsive
ionic
with
stretchability,
fast
temperature
responsiveness,
good
conductivity
was
developed
by
introducing
polyvinylpyrrolidone
(PVP)/
tannic
acid
(TA)/
Fe3+
cross-linked
network
into
N,N-methylene
diacrylamide
(MBAA)
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide)
(P(NIPAAm-co-AM))
network.
Furthermore,
introduction
PVP/TA/Fe3+
endowed
stretchability
conductivity.
By
adjusting
molar
ratio
TA
3:5,
maximal
stretching
720%
sensitive
strain
response
(GF
=
3.61)
achieved,
showing
promising
both
large
fine
motions.
Moreover,
PNIPAAm
lower
critical
solution
(LCST),
be
used
environmental
through
temperature–conductivity
which
can
applied
as
sensor
detect
fever
or
hyperthermia
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17(11), P. 9681 - 9693
Published: May 18, 2023
Hydrogels
have
emerged
as
promising
materials
for
flexible
electronics
due
to
their
unique
properties,
such
high
water
content,
softness,
and
biocompatibility.
In
this
perspective,
we
provide
an
overview
of
the
development
hydrogels
electronics,
with
a
focus
on
three
key
aspects:
mechanical
interfacial
adhesion,
conductivity.
We
discuss
principles
designing
high-performance
present
representative
examples
potential
applications
in
field
healthcare.
Despite
significant
progress,
several
challenges
remain,
including
improving
antifatigue
capability,
enhancing
balancing
content
wet
environments.
Additionally,
highlight
importance
considering
hydrogel-cell
interactions
dynamic
properties
future
research.
Looking
ahead,
is
promising,
exciting
opportunities
horizon,
but
continued
investment
research
necessary
overcome
remaining
challenges.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(7), P. 9126 - 9137
Published: Feb. 14, 2022
Hydrogels
that
combine
the
integrated
attributes
of
being
adhesive,
self-healable,
deformable,
and
conductive
show
great
promise
for
next-generation
soft
robotic/energy/electronic
applications.
Herein,
we
reported
a
dual-network
polyacrylamide
(PAAM)/poly(acrylic
acid)
(PAA)/graphene
(GR)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene
sulfonate)
(PEDOT:PSS)
(MAGP)
hydrogel
composed
dual-cross-linked
PAAM
PAA
as
well
PEDOT:PSS
GR
conducting
component
combines
these
features.
A
wearable
strain
sensor
is
fabricated
by
sandwiching
MAGP
hydrogels
between
two
dielectric
carbon
nanotubes
(CNTs)/poly(dimethylsiloxane)
(PDMS)
layers,
which
can
be
utilized
to
monitor
delicate
vigorous
human
motion.
In
addition,
hydrogel-based
act
deformable
triboelectric
nanogenerator
(D-TENG)
harvesting
mechanical
energy.
The
D-TENG
demonstrates
peak
output
voltage
current
141
V
0.8
μA,
respectively.
could
easily
light
52
yellow-light-emitting
diodes
(LEDs)
simultaneously
demonstrated
capability
power
small
electronics,
such
hygrometer
thermometer.
This
work
provides
potential
approach
development
energy
sources
self-powered
sensors.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(17)
Published: Jan. 31, 2023
Abstract
Flexible
conductive
materials
with
intrinsic
structural
characteristics
are
currently
in
the
spotlight
of
both
fundamental
science
and
advanced
technological
applications
due
to
their
functional
preponderances
such
as
remarkable
conductivity,
excellent
mechanical
properties,
tunable
physical
chemical
so
on.
Typically,
hydrogel
fibers
(CHFs)
promising
candidates
owing
unique
including
light
weight,
high
length‐to‐diameter
ratio,
deformability,
Herein,
a
comprehensive
overview
cutting‐edge
advances
CHFs
involving
architectural
features,
function
characteristics,
fabrication
strategies,
applications,
perspectives
flexible
electronics
provided.
The
design
principles
strategies
systematically
introduced
discontinuous
(the
capillary
polymerization
draw
spinning)
continuous
wet
spinning,
microfluidic
3D
printing,
electrospinning).
In
addition,
potential
crucially
emphasized
energy
harvesting
devices,
storage
smart
sensors,
biomedical
electronics.
This
review
concludes
perspective
on
challenges
opportunities
attractive
CHFs,
allowing
for
better
understanding
fundamentals
development
materials.
Materials Horizons,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(8), P. 2800 - 2823
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Hydrogels
have
been
attracting
increasing
attention
for
application
in
wearable
electronics,
due
to
their
intrinsic
biomimetic
features,
highly
tunable
chemical-physical
properties
(mechanical,
electrical,
etc.),
and
excellent
biocompatibility.
Among
many
proposed
varieties
of
hydrogels,
conductive
polymer-based
hydrogels
(CPHs)
emerged
as
a
promising
candidate
future
sensor
designs,
with
capability
realizing
desired
features
using
different
tuning
strategies
ranging
from
molecular
design
(with
low
length
scale
10-10
m)
micro-structural
configuration
(up
10-2
m).
However,
considerable
challenges
remain
be
overcome,
such
the
limited
strain
sensing
range
mechanical
strength,
signal
loss/instability
caused
by
swelling/deswelling,
significant
hysteresis
signals,
de-hydration
induced
malfunctions,
surface/interfacial
failure
during
manufacturing/processing.
This
review
aims
offer
targeted
scan
recent
advancements
CPH
based
technology,
establishment
dedicated
structure-property
relationships
lab
advanced
manufacturing
routes
potential
scale-up
production.
The
CPHs
sensors
is
also
explored,
suggested
new
research
avenues
prospects
included.