Adipokines: masterminds of metabolic inflammation

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Effect of Metabolic Bariatric Surgery on Cardiovascular Risks: A Prospective Study Measuring Antibodies to Apolipoprotein A-1

Obesity Surgery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Abstract Background Obesity is a chronic disease associated with other medical problems, including atherogenic dyslipidemia. Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) has been shown to reduce long-term cardiovascular risk (CVR). Anti-ApoA-1 antibodies (AAA1) are independently disease, which remains major cause of death in individuals obesity. This study aimed determine the effect MBS on anti-ApoA-1 antibodies. We also looked for changes lipid parameters, insulin resistance, inflammatory profile, and percentage total weight loss (%TWL). Methods assessed 72 patients before 12 months postoperatively. Clinical history measurements body mass index (BMI), profile (including non-HDL cholesterol, TG/HDL-C ratio, TG-Gly index, cholesterol HDL ratio), AAA1, CRP, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, HOMA-IR were measured/calculated at each point. Results significantly improved BMI, %TWL, lipids, antibodies, HBA1c, FBG, HOMA-IR. Baseline AAA1 positive 38.9% higher CRP levels, LDL-C, cholesterol. One year after MBS, there was significant reduction ( p < 0.001). Furthermore, postoperative correlation between Also, correlations HBA1C (%), Conclusions Antibodies apolipoprotein A-1 levels reduced following MBS. notable improvement HBA1C, profile. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Exploring How Adipose Tissue, Obesity, and Gender Influence the Immune Response to Vaccines: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 862 - 862

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Vaccines represent an essential tool for the prevention of infectious diseases. Upon administration, a complex interaction occurs between vaccine formulation and recipient’s immune system, ultimately resulting in protection against disease. Significant variability exists individual population responses to vaccination, these differences remain focus ongoing research. Notably, well-documented factors, such as age, gender, genetic predisposition, influence responses. In contrast, effects overweight obesity have not been thoroughly investigated. The evidence indicates that high body mass index (BMI) constitutes significant risk factor infections general, with adipose tissue playing crucial role modulating response. Furthermore, suboptimal levels seroconversion observed among individuals obesity. This review provides plausible examination immunity conferred by various vaccines status, offering comprehensive analysis mechanisms enhance vaccination efficiency.

Language: Английский

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Resistance exercise training in older men reduces ATF4-activated and senescence-associated mRNAs in skeletal muscle

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Abstract Sarcopenia increases the risk of frailty, morbidity, and mortality in older adults. Resistance exercise training improves muscle size function; however, response to is variable The objective our study was determine both age-independent age-dependent changes transcriptome following progressive resistance training. Skeletal biopsies were obtained before after 12 weeks 8 young (24 ± 3.3 years) 10 (72 4.9 men. RNA extracted from each biopsy prepared for analysis via sequencing. We performed differential mRNA expression, gene ontology, set enrichment analyses. report that when comparing post-training vs pre-training 226 mRNAs 959 differentially expressed skeletal men, respectively. Additionally, 94 increased, 17 decreased old, indicating limited overlap Furthermore, expression larger muscle. Finally, we three novel findings: 1) abundance ATF4-activated senescence-associated men; 2) exercise-induced lean mass correlate with increased encoding mitochondrial proteins; 3) strength positively involved translation, rRNA processing, polyamine metabolism. conclude elicits a old muscle, including reduced ATF-4 activated expression.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the pharmacological mechanism of Radix astragali for allergic rhinitis through network pharmacology and experimental validation

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 2, 2024

Radix Astragali (RA) has been recognized for its therapeutic potential in allergic rhinitis (AR), yet pharmacological mechanisms remain elusive. This study systematically investigated the physicochemical properties and biological activities of RA's phytochemicals, aiming to elucidate their targets AR treatment. We identified 775 key phytochemicals intersected these with 29,544 AR-related disease targets, pinpointing 747 shared targets. A protein-protein interaction network analysis categorized into five subclusters, TNF, NFKB1, IKBKB, NFKBIA, CHUK emerging as central nodes. Enrichment revealed roles inflammatory immune responses, particularly through NF-κB, IL-17, Toll-like receptor, NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Molecular docking dynamics simulations confirmed strong binding affinity stability In vivo, RA intervention effectively reversed expression markers an IL-13-induced nasal mucosa inflammation model. Our findings suggest that multitargeted approach involves modulation critical pathways, highlighting potential.

Language: Английский

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Purple Sweet Potato Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Visceral Adiposity by Attenuating Inflammation and Promoting Adipocyte Browning

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Accumulation of visceral fat has been reported to increase systemic inflammation. Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L., PSP), known for its anthocyanin content, potentiates in mitigating oxidative stress. This study aimed investigate the underlying mechanisms by which PSP influences body deposition. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 5) were fed a 43% high-fat diet (HFD) 2 weeks induce obesity, followed 19 HFD supplemented with 5% PSP. significantly improved weight and reduced mass adipocyte size. In subcutaneous adipose tissues, downregulated proteins FAS, ACC1, PPARγ inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1. inflammasome components, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, HIF-1α. increased associated tissue browning, FNDC5, PGC-1α, UCP-1, particularly tissue. conclusion, effectively accumulation, attenuated inflammation, promoted browning.

Language: Английский

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Extrathymic CD8 and CD4 Double Positive T Cells Presenting Vigorous HBV‐Specific Responses Accelerate HBV Clearance

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 97(4)

Published: March 25, 2025

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide health problem. Both CD4+ and CD8 + T cells play crucial roles in HBV clearance from acute patients. Nevertheless, an extrathymic CD4 double positive (DPT) cell subset have been reported earlier, the function of these still poorly understood. Herein, peripheral blood mononuclear were collected hepatitis model mice established via hydrodynamic injection (HDI) pAAV-HBV1.2 plasmid. subsets analyzed with flow cytometry. We found that DPT significantly increased patients HDI-based mice. Unlike thymic cells, activated CD44 CD62L+ central memory phenotype. Furthermore, vitro cultured showed capability to rapidly proliferate produce multi cytokines after stimulation peptides. The performance adoptive transfer depicted able migrate into liver. Immunohistochemistry data liver biopsies more prone detection tissue. Purified could efficiently kill peptide-loaded hepatocytes cytotoxicity assay, frequency reversely correlated Importantly, transferred accelerated Collectively, our study revealed are important immune subset, contributing viral during infection, which may benefit cure chronic B.

Language: Английский

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Understanding Macrophage Complexity in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Transitioning from the M1/M2 Paradigm to Spatial Dynamics

Livers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. 455 - 478

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) encompasses metabolic fatty (MASL) and steatohepatitis (MASH), with MASH posing a risk of progression to cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The global prevalence MASLD is estimated at approximately quarter the population, significant healthcare costs implications for transplantation. pathogenesis involves intrahepatic cells, extrahepatic components, immunological aspects, particularly involvement macrophages. Hepatic macrophages are crucial cellular component play important roles in function, contributing significantly tissue homeostasis swift responses during pathophysiological conditions. Recent advancements technology have revealed remarkable heterogeneity plasticity hepatic macrophage populations their activation states MASLD, challenging traditional classification methods like M1/M2 paradigm highlighting coexistence harmful beneficial phenotypes that dynamically regulated progression. This complexity underscores importance considering therapeutic targeting strategies, including distinct ontogeny functional phenotypes. review provides an overview progression, combining paradigms recent insights from single-cell analysis spatial dynamics. It also addresses unresolved questions challenges this area.

Language: Английский

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Fish Oil Attenuates the Expression of the CCL2 Chemokine and Histone-Modifying Enzymes in LPS-Stimulated Human Preadipocytes

Metabolism Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24, P. 100336 - 100336

Published: Nov. 30, 2024

In obesity, C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) plays a critical role in recruiting macrophages to white adipose tissue (WAT), contributing chronic inflammation. this study, we sought explore the effects of fish oil (FO) on CCL2 expression and histone (H3K27)-modifying enzymes both human model preadipocytes primary adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Present findings lineage evidenced that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased

Language: Английский

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Differential Modulation by Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) of Mesenteric Fat and Macrophages and T Cells in Adipose Tissue of Obese fa/fa Zucker Rats

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 1311 - 1311

Published: April 27, 2024

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can alter adipose tissue function; however, the relative effects of plant and marine n3-PUFAs are less clear. Our objective was to directly compare n3-PUFAs, plant-based α-linolenic acid (ALA) in flaxseed oil, marine-based eicosapentaenoic (EPA) or docosahexaenoic (DHA) high-purity oils versus n6-PUFA containing linoleic (LA) for their on oral glucose tolerance obese rats. Male fa/fa Zucker rats were assigned faALA, faEPA, faDHA, faLA groups compared baseline (faBASE) lean (lnLA). After 8 weeks, faEPA faDHA had 11–14% lower body weight than faLA. The total fat unchanged, but mesenteric fat. fewer large adipocytes faALA. EPA reduced macrophages ALA DHA, while greatest macrophage infiltration. DHA decreased (~10-fold) T-cell infiltration faBASE whereas faALA an ~40% increase. n3-PUFA diets attenuated tumour necrosis factor-α faBASE, it increased by LA both genotypes. In conclusion, target different aspects inflammation tissue.

Language: Английский

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