The thermal ecology and physiology of reptiles and amphibians: A user's guide

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 335(1), P. 13 - 44

Published: July 8, 2020

Abstract Research on the thermal ecology and physiology of free‐living organisms is accelerating as scientists managers recognize urgency global biodiversity crisis brought by climate change. As ectotherms, temperature fundamentally affects most aspects lives amphibians reptiles, making them excellent models for studying how animals are impacted changing temperatures. research this group accelerates, it essential to maintain consistent optimal methodology so that results can be compared across groups over time. This review addresses utility reptiles model studies reviewing best practices their physiology, highlighting key have advanced field with new improved methods. We end presenting several areas where show great promise further advancing our understanding relations between environments

Language: Английский

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Moderate climate warming scenarios during embryonic and post‐embryonic stages benefit a cold‐climate lizard

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(5), P. 1137 - 1150

Published: March 2, 2022

Abstract Warming temperatures caused by climate change are predicted to vary temporally and spatially. For mid‐ high‐latitude reptiles, the seasonal variation in warming experienced embryos hatchlings may determine offspring fitness, yet this has remained largely unexplored. To evaluate independent interactive influence of on embryonic hatchling development, we incubated eggs reared a cold‐climate oviparous ectothermic species, Heilongjiang grass lizard ( Takydromus amurensis ), following 2 × factorial design (present versus for present hatchlings). We then evaluated including hatching success, incubation period, initial body size, metabolic rate, growth rate survival mesocosms. found that shortened period produced with higher rates than those under conditions. Similarly, had similar resting rates, but climate. Hatchlings both conditions highest rates. This study revealed moderate (Representative Concentration Pathway, RCP 4.5, 1.1–2.6°C) interact benefit fitness ectotherms. Our also highlighted importance integrating when evaluating responses multiple developmental stages

Language: Английский

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Heat tolerance of reptile embryos: Current knowledge, methodological considerations, and future directions

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 335(1), P. 45 - 58

Published: Aug. 5, 2020

Abstract Aspects of global change result in warming temperatures that threaten biodiversity across the planet. Eggs non‐avian, oviparous reptiles (henceforth “reptiles”) are particularly vulnerable to due a lack parental care during incubation and limited ability behaviorally thermoregulate. Because will cause increases both mean variance nest temperatures, it is crucial consider embryo responses chronic acute heat stress. Although many studies have considered survival constant (i.e., stress) response brief exposure extreme stress), there no standard metrics or terminology for determining stress embryos. This impedes comparisons species hinders our predict how respond change. In this review, we compare various methods been used assess embryonic tolerance provide new quantifying We apply these recommendations data from literature 16 squamates, turtles, five crocodilians, tuatara nine squamates one turtle. Our results indicate relatively large variation species, outline directions future research, calling more thermal stress, integrate predictive models, identify mechanisms determine tolerance.

Language: Английский

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Impact of fluctuating developmental temperatures on phenotypic traits in reptiles: a meta-analysis

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 225(Suppl_1)

Published: March 8, 2022

ABSTRACT During the vulnerable stages of early life, most ectothermic animals experience hourly and diel fluctuations in temperature as air temperatures change. While we know a great deal about how different constant impact phenotypes developing ectotherms, remarkably little impacts on development ectotherms. In this study, used meta-analytic approach to compare mean variance phenotypic outcomes from fluctuating incubation across reptile species. We found that provided small benefit (higher hatching success shorter durations) at cool compared with temperatures, but had negative effect warm temperatures. addition, more extreme led greater reductions embryonic survival moderate fluctuations. Within limited data available species temperature-dependent sex determination, embryos higher chance female when those With our approach, identified average nest all taxa where reptiles switch receiving benefits incurring costs fluctuate. More broadly, study indicates developmental some are likely be predictable via integration profiles thermal performance curves.

Language: Английский

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Ecologically relevant thermal fluctuations enhance offspring fitness: biological and methodological implications for studies of thermal developmental plasticity

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Natural thermal environments are notably complex and challenging to mimic in controlled studies. Consequently, our understanding of the ecological relevance underlying mechanisms organismal responses is often limited. For example, studies developmental plasticity have provided key insights into consequences temperature variation, but most laboratory use treatments that do not reflect natural regimes. While controlling other important factors, we compared effects naturally fluctuating temperatures with those commonly used regimes on development lizard embryos offspring phenotypes survival. We incubated eggs four treatments: three followed procedures literature, one precisely mimicked nest temperatures. To explore context-dependent effects, replicated these across two seasonal regimes: relatively cool from nests constructed early season warm late-season nests. show fluctuations a small effect variables enhance hatchling performance survival at cooler Thus, for successful simpler approximations (e.g. repeated sine waves, constant temperatures) may poorly systems under some conditions. benefits replicating real-world outweigh logistical costs. Although patterns might vary according study system research goals, methodological approach demonstrates importance incorporating variation provides biologists interested ecology framework validating effectiveness methods.

Language: Английский

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Collective effects of rising average temperatures and heat events on oviparous embryos

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(4)

Published: April 5, 2024

Survival of the immobile embryo in response to rising temperature is important determine a species' vulnerability climate change. However, collective effects 2 key thermal characteristics associated with change (i.e., average and acute heat events) on embryonic survival remain largely unexplored. We used empirical measurements niche modeling investigate how chronic stress independently collectively influence lizards across latitudes. collected bred from 5 latitudes incubated their eggs range temperatures quantify population-specific responses stress. Using an development model parameterized measured tolerances, we further identified impact tolerances survival. also incorporated tolerance hybrid species distribution models shifts under Embryos' (T-chronic) remained consistent latitudes, whereas (T-acute) was higher at high than low Tolerance exerted more pronounced heat. In models, led most significant habitat loss for each population its low-latitude distribution. Consequently, populations all will shift toward Our study highlights importance considering stresses predict

Language: Английский

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Temporal variation in maternal nest choice and its consequences for lizard embryos

Behavioral Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(4), P. 902 - 910

Published: March 27, 2020

Abstract Microhabitat choice of nest sites is an important maternal effect that influences the survival and development embryos in oviparous species. Embryos many species display a high degree plasticity response to developmental environments, which places nesting behavior under strong selective pressure, particularly temporally changing environments. Nesting varies widely across taxa exhibit diverse reproductive strategies. The brown anole (Anolis sagrei), for example, lays one egg every 7–10 days extended season from April October. This aspect their reproduction provides opportunity examine temporal shifts its consequences on offspring seasonally climatic conditions. We conducted two-part study quantify variation A. sagrei embryos. First, we measured micro-environments over season. Second, “planted” eggs landscape at our field site influence conditions hatchling phenotypes. also incubated inside chambers decouple effects moisture those other environmental variables (e.g., temperature). Females chose with higher lower temperatures relative what was generally available during In addition, exposed relatively cool had hatching success, increased body condition hatchlings. Overall, provide evidence facilitates survival.

Language: Английский

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From performance curves to performance surfaces: Interactive effects of temperature and oxygen availability on aerobic and anaerobic performance in the common wall lizard

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(10), P. 2544 - 2557

Published: July 19, 2022

Abstract Accurately predicting the responses of organisms to novel or changing environments requires development ecologically‐appropriate experimental methodology and process‐based models. For ectotherms, thermal performance curves (TPCs) have provided a useful framework describe how organismal is dependent on temperature. However, this approach often lacks mechanistic underpinning, which limits our ability use TPCs predictively. Furthermore, dependence varies across traits, also limited by additional abiotic factors, such as oxygen availability. We test central prediction recent Hierarchical Mechanisms Thermal Limitation (HMTL) Hypothesis proposes that natural hypoxia exposure will reduce maximal cause TPC for whole‐organism become more symmetrical. quantified two traits used fitness proxies, sprint speed aerobic scope, in lizards under conditions normoxia high‐elevation hypoxia. In line with predictions HMTL, anaerobically fuelled was unaffected acute while scope became shorter This change shape resulted from both maximum optimal temperature being reduced predicted. Following these results, we present mathematical framework, call Temperature–Oxygen Performance Surfaces, quantify interactive effects HMTL hypothesis. transferrable levels organization allow ectotherms respond combinations other providing tool time rapidly environmental conditions. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Thermal stress induces a positive phenotypic and molecular feedback loop in zebrafish embryos

Journal of Thermal Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 102, P. 103114 - 103114

Published: Oct. 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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Introduction to the special issue–Beyond CT_MAXand CT_MIN: Advances in studying the thermal limits of reptiles and amphibians

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 335(1), P. 5 - 12

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Research Highlights We contextualize contributions to the special issue emerging from a symposium at 9th World Congress of Herpetology. This collection includes recent advances in thermal biology, reviews major concepts, and guideposts for future work.

Language: Английский

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