Global emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Impacts, challenges and strategies

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 4 - 14

Published: Nov. 19, 2022

Newly emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are continuously posing high global public health concerns and panic resulting in waves disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Depending on the extent genomic variations, mutations adaptation, few gain ability to spread quickly across many countries, acquire higher virulency cause disease, morbidity mortality. These have been implicated lessening efficacy current COVID-19 vaccines immunotherapies break-through viral infections vaccinated individuals recovered patients. Altogether, these could hinder protective herd immunity be achieved through ongoing progressive vaccination. Currently, only variant interest SARS-CoV-2 is Omicron that was first identified South Africa. In this review, we present overview with a special focus variant, its lineages hybrid variants. We discuss hypotheses origin, genetic change underlying molecular mechanism behind transmissibility immune escape variant. Major related including available immunotherapeutics vaccines, transmissibility, severity, mortality discussed. last part, challenges strategies counter amid pandemic presented.

Language: Английский

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A Detailed Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Its Sub-Variants, Mutations and Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Immunological Landscape, Immune Escape, and Therapies

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 167 - 167

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant concern for everyone. Recent data from many worldwide reports suggest that most infections are caused by the Omicron variant and its sub-lineages, dominating all previously emerged variants. numerous mutations in Omicron’s viral genome sub-lineages attribute it a larger amount of fitness, owing to alteration transmission pathophysiology virus. With rapid change structure, sub-variants, namely BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, BA.5, dominate community with an ability escape neutralization efficiency induced prior vaccination or infections. Similarly, several recombinant sub-variants Omicron, XBB, XBD, XBF, etc., have emerged, which better understanding. This review mainly entails changes due having higher number mutations. binding affinity, cellular entry, disease severity, infection rates, importantly, immune evading potential them discussed this review. A comparative analysis Delta other variants evolved before gives readers in-depth understanding landscape infection. Furthermore, discusses range abilities possessed approved antiviral therapeutic molecules neutralizing antibodies functional against sub-variants. evolution is causing infections, but broader aspect their not been explored. Thus, scientific should adopt elucidative approach obtain clear idea about recently including variants, so effective vaccines drugs can be achieved. This, turn, will lead drop cases and, finally, end pandemic.

Language: Английский

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The recently emerged BA.4 and BA.5 lineages of Omicron and their global health concerns amid the ongoing wave of COVID-19 pandemic – Correspondence

International Journal of Surgery, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 103, P. 106698 - 106698

Published: June 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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Omicron variant: Current insights and future directions

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 265, P. 127204 - 127204

Published: Sept. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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Fast-track development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: The shots that saved the world

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

In December 2019, an outbreak emerged of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which leads to disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organisation announced the a global health emergency on 30 January 2020 and by 11 March it was declared pandemic. spread severity took heavy toll overburdening system, particularly since there were no available drugs against SARS-CoV-2. With immediate worldwide effort, communication, sharing data, large amounts funding, researchers pharmaceutical companies immediately fast-tracked vaccine development in order prevent disease, hospitalizations death. A number vaccines quickly approved for use, vaccination rollouts put place. However, due several individuals being hesitant vaccinations many poorer countries not having access vaccines, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants that distinct from original variant. Uncertainties related effectiveness various new as well specific-side effects have remained concern. Despite these uncertainties, fast-track approval, manufacturing at scale, effective distribution COVID-19 remain topmost priorities around world. Unprecedented efforts made developers/researchers healthcare staff, played major role distributing shots provided protection and/or reduced severity, deaths, even with delta omicron variants. Fortunately, those who become infected, appears protect hospitalisation, fatality COVID-19. Herein, we analyse ongoing studies platforms saved deaths

Language: Английский

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Evolution, epidemiology, geographical distribution, and mutational landscape of newly emerging monkeypox virus

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44(6), P. 2895 - 2911

Published: Sept. 12, 2022

Language: Английский

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Molecular Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Genes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 407 - 407

Published: Feb. 4, 2023

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) produced diverse molecular variants during its recent expansion in humans that caused different transmissibility and severity of the associated disease as well resistance to monoclonal antibodies polyclonal sera, among other treatments. In order understand causes consequences observed SARS-CoV-2 diversity, a variety studies investigated evolution this virus humans. general, evolves with moderate rate evolution, 10

Language: Английский

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On the Implementation of the Artificial Neural Network Approach for Forecasting Different Healthcare Events

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1310 - 1310

Published: March 31, 2023

The rising number of confirmed cases and deaths in Pakistan caused by the coronavirus have problems all areas country, not just healthcare. For accurate policy making, it is very important to efficient predictions death counts. In this article, we use a dataset that includes deaths, cases, recovered test an artificial neural network model compare different univariate time series models. contrast model, consider five models predict count, cases. considered are applied Pakistan's daily records from 10 March 2020 3 July 2020. Two statistical measures assess performances addition, test, namely, Diebold Mariano implemented check accuracy mean errors. results (mean error test) show better suited moving average outperforms other case models, while autoregressive second-best model.

Language: Английский

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Evolution and implications of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the post-pandemic era

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: June 28, 2024

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19 pandemic, has introduced a challenging era characterized by persistent emergence subvariants. Even after World Health Organization announced end virus continues to evolve, posing significant challenges public health responses. This comprehensive review examines multifaceted impacts these subvariants, emphasizing their significance across diverse dimensions. SARS-CoV-2 genetic variability, especially at spike protein region, which given rise Variants Concern, including Beta, Delta, Gamma, Alpha, and highly mutable Omicron, differently exhibit varying levels immune evasion, disease severity, transmissibility. Subvariants within Omicron lineage, BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, others, further complicate landscape with distinct signatures infectivity levels. The extend diagnostic techniques, treatment strategies, vaccine effectiveness, underscoring need for response preventive measures, genomic surveillance, vaccination campaigns. Sustaining interventions is critical, necessitating long-term strategies considering socio-political factors, community involvement, continuous adaptation healthcare approaches, robust monitoring, sustainable effectively combat virus's ever-changing landscape.

Language: Английский

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Data-driven recombination detection in viral genomes

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 17, 2024

Abstract Recombination is a key molecular mechanism for the evolution and adaptation of viruses. The first recombinant SARS-CoV-2 genomes were recognized in 2021; as today, more than ninety lineages are designated recombinant. In wake COVID-19 pandemic, several methods detecting recombination have been proposed; however, none could faithfully confirm manual analyses by experts field. We hereby present RecombinHunt, an original data-driven method identification genomes, capable recognizing (or lineages) with one or two breakpoints high accuracy within reduced turn-around times. ReconbinHunt shows specificity sensitivity, compares favorably other state-of-the-art methods, confirms experts. RecombinHunt identifies viral from recent monkeypox epidemic concordance manually curated experts, suggesting that our approach robust can be applied to any epidemic/pandemic virus.

Language: Английский

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