Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Systems for Vaccines

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 1946 - 1946

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Vaccination is still the most cost-effective way to combat infectious illnesses. Conventional vaccinations may have low immunogenicity and, in situations, only provide partial protection. A new class of nanoparticle-based has shown considerable promise addressing majority shortcomings traditional and subunit vaccines. This due recent breakthroughs chemical biological engineering, which allow for exact regulation nanoparticle size, shape, functionality, surface characteristics, resulting improved antigen presentation robust immunogenicity. blend physicochemical, immunological, toxicological experiments can be used accurately characterize nanovaccines. narrative review will an overview current scenario nanovaccine.

Language: Английский

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The Delta and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2: What We Know So Far

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 1926 - 1926

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

The world has not yet completely overcome the fear of havoc brought by SARS-CoV-2. virus undergone several mutations since its initial appearance in China December 2019. Several variations (i.e., B.1.616.1 (Kappa variant), B.1.617.2 (Delta B.1.617.3, and BA.2.75 (Omicron variant)) have emerged throughout pandemic, altering virus's capacity to spread, risk profile, even symptoms. Humanity faces a serious threat as long keeps adapting changing fundamental function evade immune system. Delta variant two escape alterations, E484Q L452R, well other mutations; most notable these is P681R, which expected boost infectivity, whereas Omicron about 60 with certain deletions insertions. 40-60% more contagious comparison Alpha variant. Additionally, AY.1 lineage, also known "Delta plus" variant, surfaced result mutation was one causes life-threatening second wave coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nevertheless, recent variants represent reminder that COVID-19 epidemic far from ending. sparked fervor investigation on why initially appeared propagate so much rapidly than three concerns (VOCs), whether it threatening those ways, how type mutations, induce minor changes proteins, can wreck trouble. This review sheds light pathogenicity, treatments, impact vaccine efficacy

Language: Английский

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Nanovaccines: A game changing approach in the fight against infectious diseases

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 167, P. 115597 - 115597

Published: Sept. 30, 2023

The field of nanotechnology has revolutionised global attempts to prevent, treat, and eradicate infectious diseases in the foreseen future. Nanovaccines have proven be a valuable pawn this novel technology. are made up nanoparticles that associated with or prepared components can stimulate host's immune system. In addition their delivery capabilities, nanocarriers been demonstrated possess intrinsic adjuvant properties, working as cell stimulators. Thus, nanovaccines potential promote rapid well long-lasting humoral cellular immunity. several possible benefits, including site-specific antigen delivery, increased bioavailability, diminished adverse effect profile. To avail these nanoparticle-based vaccines being developed, virus-like particles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, nanogels, lipid emulsion vaccines, exomes, inorganic nanoparticles. Inspired by distinctive researchers on development for variety applications, such cancer immunotherapy diseases. Although few challenges still need overcome, modulation nanoparticle pharmacokinetics avoid elimination from bloodstream reticuloendothelial system, future prospects technology also assuring, multiple options personalised needle-free formulations, combination promising candidates.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccines adverse events: potential molecular mechanisms

Immunologic Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 71(3), P. 356 - 372

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Safety and efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled and randomized clinical trials

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(1)

Published: Dec. 29, 2023

Abstract Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been discovered within a very small duration of time as compared to the traditional way for development vaccines, which raised question about safety and efficacy approved vaccines. The purpose this study is look at effectiveness vaccine platforms incidence COVID‐19. literature search was performed on PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, clinical trials.gov databases studies published between 1 January 2020 19 February 2022. Preferred Reporting Items Systemic Review Meta‐Analysis Statement guidelines were followed. Among 284 articles received by keywords, total 11 eligible according inclusion exclusion criteria (studies in special populations, e.g., pregnant women, paediatric patients, editorials, case reports, review articles, preclinical vitro studies) study. A 247,186 participants considered randomisation baseline, among them, 129,572 (52.42%) provided with (Intervention group) 117,614 (47.58%) placebo (Control group). pooled fold change estimation 0.19 (95% CI: 0.12–0.31, p < 0.0001) showed significant protection COVID‐19 vaccines group versus group. mRNA based, inactivated non‐replicating viral vector‐based significantly 0.08 0.06–0.10), 0.20 0.14–0.29) 0.36 0.28–0.46), respectively. Injection site discomfort fatigue most common side effect observed mRNA, vector, inactivated, protein subunit‐based All found safe efficacious but mRNA‐based be more SARS‐CoV‐2 than other platforms.

Language: Английский

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Protein subunit vaccines: Promising frontiers against COVID-19

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 366, P. 761 - 782

Published: Jan. 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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mRNA-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 2150 - 2150

Published: Dec. 15, 2022

An unheard mobilization of resources to find SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies has been sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Two years ago, COVID-19’s launch propelled mRNA-based technologies into public eye. Knowledge gained from mRNA technology used combat is assisting in creation treatments treat existing illnesses may avert pandemics future. Exploiting capacity create therapeutic proteins impede or a variety illnesses, including cancer, main goal quickly developing, highly multidisciplinary field biomedicine. In this review, we explore potential as vaccine using current research findings.

Language: Английский

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Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2: An Indian Perspective of Vaccination and Management

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 160 - 160

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Omicron variants have highly influenced the entire globe. It has a high rate of transmissibility, which makes its management tedious. There are various subtypes omicron, namely BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5. Currently, one omicron subvariant BF.7 is also immersed in some parts India. Further studies required for better understanding new immersing SARS-CoV-2 omicron. They differ mutation spike proteins, alters their attachment to host receptor hence modifies virulence adaptability. Delta great disastrous influence on world, especially While overcoming it, another mutant catches pace. The Indian population affected by variants. diagnosis system against COVID-19. demanded forcemeat health care system, both qualitatively quantitively, cope with wave. alteration protein, major target vaccines, leads varied immunization subvariants. efficacy vaccines variant was questioned. Every vaccine had different shielding effect variant. hesitancy vaccination prevalent factor India that might contributed outbreak. prevalence monkeypox, tomato flu shared similarities distinct features when compared population. This review emphasizes changes brings it how outrage this dangerous

Language: Английский

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Molnupiravir: A Versatile Prodrug against SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 309 - 309

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

The nucleoside analog β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine is the active metabolite of prodrug molnupiravir and accepted as an efficient drug against COVID-19. Molnupiravir targets RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme, which responsible for replicating viral genome during replication process certain types viruses. It works by disrupting normal function RdRp causing it to make mistakes genome. These can prevent from being transcribed, converted into a complementary DNA template, translated, or functional protein. By these crucial steps in process, effectively inhibit virus reduce its ability cause disease. This review article sheds light on impact SARS-CoV-2 variants concern, such delta, omicron, hybrid/recombinant variants. detailed mechanism molecular interactions using docking dynamics have also been covered. safety tolerability patients with comorbidities emphasized.

Language: Английский

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Stopping epidemics when and where they occur

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 401(10374), P. 324 - 328

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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