Gene-Editing Technologies and Applications in Legumes: Progress, Evolution, and Future Prospects

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 28, 2022

Legumes are rich in protein and phytochemicals have provided a healthy diet for human beings thousands of years. In recognition the important role they play nutrition agricultural production, researchers made great efforts to gain new genetic traits legumes such as yield, stress tolerance, nutritional quality. recent years, significant increase genomic resources legume plants has prepared groundwork applying cutting-edge breeding technologies, transgenic genome editing, selection crop improvement. addition different editing technologies including CRISPR/Cas9-based system, this review article discusses advances plant-specific gene-editing methods, well problems potential benefits associated with improvement crops agronomic properties. The been effectively used model like alfalfa lotus, soybean, cowpea, chickpea. We also discussed methods improvements recalcitrant legumes. Despite immense opportunities can offer legumes, governmental regulatory restrictions present major concern. context, comparison framework strategies European Union United States America was discussed. Gene-editing opened up possibilities breeding.

Language: Английский

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Genomic-Mediated Breeding Strategies for Global Warming in Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.)

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1721 - 1721

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Although chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has high yield potential, its seed is often low and unstable due to the impact of abiotic stresses, such as drought heat. As a result global warming, both heat are estimated be major constraints between one-quarter one-third per annum. In present review, genomic-mediated breeding strategies increase resilience against warming. Exacerbated stresses have been examined understand latest advancement happening for better management these challenges. Resistance mechanisms consist (i) escape via earliness, (ii) avoidance morphological traits root traits, compound leaves, or multipinnate leaves double-/multiple-podded (iii) tolerance molecular physiological special tissue cellular abilities. Both in chickpeas quantitatively governed by minor genes profoundly influenced edaphic other environmental conditions. High-yield genotypes traditionally screened resistance target selection environment under stress conditions simulacrum mediums controlled There many drought- heat-tolerant among domestic wild Cicer chickpeas, especially accessions C. reticulatum Ladiz., echinospermum P.H. Davis, turcicum Toker, J. Berger, Gokturk. The delineation quantitative trait loci (QTLs) allied heat-related attributes paved way designing stress-tolerant cultivars chickpeas. Transgenic “omics” technologies hold newer avenues basic understanding background metabolic exchanges QTLs/candidate their further utilization. overview effect mechanisms/adaptive strategies, markers linked stress-related with genetics sources pre-requisites framing programs intent imparting tolerance. Ideotype were, therefore, developed directly using marker-aided over multiple locations. current supported functional genomics omics developing discussed this review.

Language: Английский

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Major viral diseases in grain legumes: designing disease resistant legumes from plant breeding and OMICS integration

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 9, 2023

Grain legumes play a crucial role in human nutrition and as staple crop for low-income farmers developing underdeveloped nations, contributing to overall food security agroecosystem services. Viral diseases are major biotic stresses that severely challenge global grain legume production. In this review, we discuss how exploring naturally resistant genotypes within germplasm, landraces, wild relatives could be used promising, economically viable, eco-environmentally friendly solution reduce yield losses. Studies based on Mendelian classical genetics have enhanced our understanding of key genetic determinants govern resistance various viral legumes. Recent advances molecular marker technology genomic resources enabled us identify regions controlling disease using techniques such QTL mapping, genome-wide association studies, whole-genome resequencing, pangenome ‘omics’ approaches. These comprehensive expedited the adoption genomics-assisted breeding virus-resistant Concurrently, progress functional genomics, especially transcriptomics, has helped unravel underlying candidate gene(s) their roles This review also examines engineering-based strategies, including RNA interference, potential synthetic biology techniques, promoters transcription factors, creating viral-resistant It elaborates prospects limitations cutting-edge technologies emerging biotechnological tools (e.g., selection, rapid generation advances, CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tool) virus-disease-resistant ensure security.

Language: Английский

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Breeding for Biotic Stress Resistance in Pea

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1825 - 1825

Published: Sept. 18, 2023

Pea (Pisum sativum) stands out as one of the most significant and productive cool-season pulse crops cultivated worldwide. Dealing with biotic stresses remains a critical challenge in fully harnessing pea’s potential productivity. As such, dedicated research developmental efforts are necessary to make use omic resources advanced breeding techniques. These approaches crucial facilitating rapid timely development high-yielding varieties that can tolerate resist multiple stresses. The availability genomic tools, such comprehensive genetic maps reliable DNA markers, holds immense promise for integrating resistance genes from diverse sources. This integration helps accelerate gains pea crops. review provides an overview recent accomplishments resource peas. It also covers inheritance controlling various stress responses, control pathogenesis disease-causing organisms, mapping genes/QTLs, well transcriptomic proteomic advancements. By combining conventional modern omics-enabled strategies, be significantly enhanced.

Language: Английский

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Drought and heat stress: insights into tolerance mechanisms and breeding strategies for pigeonpea improvement

Planta, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 259(5)

Published: April 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Cowpea Tolerance to Elevated Temperature: Achievements, Challenges and Future Directions

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 513 - 513

Published: March 1, 2024

Despite its ability to thrive in high-temperature environments, cowpea productivity can be hampered by heat stress, particularly when night air temperatures exceed 17 °C. The crop’s germplasm pool potentially possesses significant genetic variability that harnessed breed for heat-tolerant varieties. Progress improving the crop tolerance has been limited, especially under hot, short-day environments typical of sub-Saharan Africa. Only a few varieties have released, partly due limited understanding stress mechanisms and environmental interaction effects on genotypes, as well imprecise phenotyping. This review contributes literature highlighting key achievements, challenges, future directions breeding genotypes providing additional information from recent literature. We opine tolerance-related traits not sufficiently exploited developing adapted target production environments. Therefore, attention should given assessing repository targeting adaptive, morphological, physiological enhance tolerance. propose programs integrate phenotyping whole-plant molecular identify breeder-friendly markers routine selection. followed introgression favourable alleles susceptible using rapid precise approaches take advantage modern genomic resources such innovative resources, selection, speed breeding, genome editing technologies. These tools hold great promise fast-tracking development improved incorporating must-have preferred farmers consumers. In view likely increase atmospheric temperature occasioned climate change, there is an urgent need develop ensure sustainability current cropping agri-food systems.

Language: Английский

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Conventional and Molecular Breeding Tools for Accelerating Genetic Gain in Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.)

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 13, 2021

Faba bean is a cool-season grain legume crop, which grown worldwide for food and feed. Despite decrease in area under faba the past, interest growing increasing globally due to its high seed protein content excellent ecological service. The crop is, however, exposed diverse biotic abiotic stresses causing unstable, low yield. Although, sources of resistance main diseases, such as ascochyta blight ( Ascochyta fabae Speg.), rust Uromyces viciae-fabae (Pers.) Schroet.), chocolate spot Botrytis Sard.) gall disease Physioderma viciae ), have been identified, their only partial cannot prevent yield losses without agronomical practices. Tightly associated DNA markers host plant genes are needed enhance level resistance. Less progress has made stresses. Different breeding methods proposed, but until now line breeding, based on pedigree method, dominant practice programs. Nonetheless, multiplication coefficient requirement insect-proof enclosures avoid outcrossing hampers along with lack tools double haploid system cytoplasmic male sterility. This reduces population size speed hence chances capturing rare combinations favorable alleles. Availability use vicine-convicine vc − ) herbicide tolerance programs encouraged breeders given confidence marker assisted selection. Closely linked QTL several stress available verification conversion breeder friendly platform will selection process. Recently, genomic techniques together genomics come within reach accelerate genetic gains bean. Advancements resources other tools, platforms enable process enhancing gain this species.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful tool for precise genome editing of legume crops: a review

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(6), P. 5595 - 5609

Published: May 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Biofortification of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with iron and zinc: Achievements and challenges

Food and Energy Security, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(2)

Published: June 30, 2022

Micronutrient deficiencies (hidden hunger), particularly in iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), remain one of the most serious public health challenges, affecting more than three billion people globally. A number strategies are used to ameliorate problem micronutrient improve nutritional profile food products. These include (i) dietary diversification, (ii) industrial fortification supplements, (iii) agronomic approaches including soil mineral fertilisation, bioinoculants crop rotations, (iv) biofortification through implementation biotechnology gene editing plant breeding. efforts must consider patterns culinary preferences consumer stakeholder acceptance new biofortified varieties. Deficiencies Zn Fe often linked poor status agricultural soils, resulting low amounts and/or availability these nutrients staple crops such as common bean. This review describes genes processes associated with accumulation bean, a significant source Africa that plays an important role security. We discuss conventional breeding, transgenic being deployed beans. also requirements successful bean programmes, highlighting gaps current knowledge, possible solutions future perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Drought Stress in Lentil (Lens culinaris, Medik) and Approaches for Its Management

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 1 - 1

Published: Dec. 20, 2022

Lentil plays an important role for food and nutritional security. It is a sustainable source of protein, zinc, iron, prebiotic carbohydrates, diverse health-promoting nutrients. This crop widely cultivated in semi-arid marginal areas exposed to various environmental stressors. Drought stress the major abiotic that causes serious effects on lentil growth development. Thus, it imperative set up innovative solutions reduce adverse drought crop. In this review, agro-morphological, physiological, biochemical were highlighted. Furthermore, breeding agronomic interventions improve performance drought-prone environments also discussed. Overall, disturbs germination, photosynthesis, water relations, shoot root growth, thereby reducing final yield. Conventional programs have identified several sources tolerance; however, modern biotechnological tools could be adopted decipher genetic architecture tolerance accelerate progress. Cost-affordable eco-friendly practices may contribute minimize negative consequences stress. Smart exploitation approaches help overcome drought, productivity, increase profitability farmers dry areas.

Language: Английский

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