The Exploitation of Orphan Legumes for Food, Income, and Nutrition Security in Sub-Saharan Africa

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 17, 2022

Poverty, food, and nutrition insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have become major concerns recent times. The effects of climate change, drought, unpredictable rainfall patterns threaten food production sustainable agriculture. More so, insurgency, youth restiveness, politico-economic instability amidst a burgeoning population requiring sufficient healthy diet remain front-burner issues the region. Overdependence on only few staple crops is increasingly promoting near extinction many crops, especially orphan legumes, which possess immense potentials as protein nutritional security crops. are declining yield partly to their inability adapt continuously changing climatic conditions. Remarkably, legumes climate-smart with enormous agronomic features foster livelihood. Research efforts these not attained reasonable comparative status most commercial Though research organizations scientists made promote improvement utilization there still more be done. These legumes' vast genetic resources economic utility grossly under-exploited, but values promising impacts immeasurable. Given United Nations development goals (SDGs) zero hunger, improved nutrition, health, agriculture, need introduce into systems SSA other poverty-prone regions world now compelling than ever. This review unveils inherent needing focus for exploitation viz-a-viz cultivation, commercialization, social acceptance. this article discusses some nutraceutical global adaptability, modern plant breeding strategies that could deployed develop superior phenotypes enrich landraces. Advanced omics technologies, speed breeding, well application genome editing techniques, significantly enhance useful underutilized legumes. Efforts regard challenges approaches were also discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Gene-Editing Technologies and Applications in Legumes: Progress, Evolution, and Future Prospects

Frontiers in Genetics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2022

Legumes are rich in protein and phytochemicals have provided a healthy diet for human beings thousands of years. In recognition the important role they play nutrition agricultural production, researchers made great efforts to gain new genetic traits legumes such as yield, stress tolerance, nutritional quality. recent years, significant increase genomic resources legume plants has prepared groundwork applying cutting-edge breeding technologies, transgenic genome editing, selection crop improvement. addition different editing technologies including CRISPR/Cas9-based system, this review article discusses advances plant-specific gene-editing methods, well problems potential benefits associated with improvement crops agronomic properties. The been effectively used model like alfalfa lotus, soybean, cowpea, chickpea. We also discussed methods improvements recalcitrant legumes. Despite immense opportunities can offer legumes, governmental regulatory restrictions present major concern. context, comparison framework strategies European Union United States America was discussed. Gene-editing opened up possibilities breeding.

Язык: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful tool for precise genome editing of legume crops: a review

Molecular Biology Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 49(6), С. 5595 - 5609

Опубликована: Май 18, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Genomic-Mediated Breeding Strategies for Global Warming in Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.)

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(9), С. 1721 - 1721

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023

Although chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has high yield potential, its seed is often low and unstable due to the impact of abiotic stresses, such as drought heat. As a result global warming, both heat are estimated be major constraints between one-quarter one-third per annum. In present review, genomic-mediated breeding strategies increase resilience against warming. Exacerbated stresses have been examined understand latest advancement happening for better management these challenges. Resistance mechanisms consist (i) escape via earliness, (ii) avoidance morphological traits root traits, compound leaves, or multipinnate leaves double-/multiple-podded (iii) tolerance molecular physiological special tissue cellular abilities. Both in chickpeas quantitatively governed by minor genes profoundly influenced edaphic other environmental conditions. High-yield genotypes traditionally screened resistance target selection environment under stress conditions simulacrum mediums controlled There many drought- heat-tolerant among domestic wild Cicer chickpeas, especially accessions C. reticulatum Ladiz., echinospermum P.H. Davis, turcicum Toker, J. Berger, Gokturk. The delineation quantitative trait loci (QTLs) allied heat-related attributes paved way designing stress-tolerant cultivars chickpeas. Transgenic “omics” technologies hold newer avenues basic understanding background metabolic exchanges QTLs/candidate their further utilization. overview effect mechanisms/adaptive strategies, markers linked stress-related with genetics sources pre-requisites framing programs intent imparting tolerance. Ideotype were, therefore, developed directly using marker-aided over multiple locations. current supported functional genomics omics developing discussed this review.

Язык: Английский

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Major viral diseases in grain legumes: designing disease resistant legumes from plant breeding and OMICS integration

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 9, 2023

Grain legumes play a crucial role in human nutrition and as staple crop for low-income farmers developing underdeveloped nations, contributing to overall food security agroecosystem services. Viral diseases are major biotic stresses that severely challenge global grain legume production. In this review, we discuss how exploring naturally resistant genotypes within germplasm, landraces, wild relatives could be used promising, economically viable, eco-environmentally friendly solution reduce yield losses. Studies based on Mendelian classical genetics have enhanced our understanding of key genetic determinants govern resistance various viral legumes. Recent advances molecular marker technology genomic resources enabled us identify regions controlling disease using techniques such QTL mapping, genome-wide association studies, whole-genome resequencing, pangenome ‘omics’ approaches. These comprehensive expedited the adoption genomics-assisted breeding virus-resistant Concurrently, progress functional genomics, especially transcriptomics, has helped unravel underlying candidate gene(s) their roles This review also examines engineering-based strategies, including RNA interference, potential synthetic biology techniques, promoters transcription factors, creating viral-resistant It elaborates prospects limitations cutting-edge technologies emerging biotechnological tools (e.g., selection, rapid generation advances, CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tool) virus-disease-resistant ensure security.

Язык: Английский

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Drought and heat stress: insights into tolerance mechanisms and breeding strategies for pigeonpea improvement

Planta, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 259(5)

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Biofortification of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with iron and zinc: Achievements and challenges

Food and Energy Security, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(2)

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2022

Micronutrient deficiencies (hidden hunger), particularly in iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), remain one of the most serious public health challenges, affecting more than three billion people globally. A number strategies are used to ameliorate problem micronutrient improve nutritional profile food products. These include (i) dietary diversification, (ii) industrial fortification supplements, (iii) agronomic approaches including soil mineral fertilisation, bioinoculants crop rotations, (iv) biofortification through implementation biotechnology gene editing plant breeding. efforts must consider patterns culinary preferences consumer stakeholder acceptance new biofortified varieties. Deficiencies Zn Fe often linked poor status agricultural soils, resulting low amounts and/or availability these nutrients staple crops such as common bean. This review describes genes processes associated with accumulation bean, a significant source Africa that plays an important role security. We discuss conventional breeding, transgenic being deployed beans. also requirements successful bean programmes, highlighting gaps current knowledge, possible solutions future perspectives.

Язык: Английский

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Drought Stress in Lentil (Lens culinaris, Medik) and Approaches for Its Management

Horticulturae, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(1), С. 1 - 1

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2022

Lentil plays an important role for food and nutritional security. It is a sustainable source of protein, zinc, iron, prebiotic carbohydrates, diverse health-promoting nutrients. This crop widely cultivated in semi-arid marginal areas exposed to various environmental stressors. Drought stress the major abiotic that causes serious effects on lentil growth development. Thus, it imperative set up innovative solutions reduce adverse drought crop. In this review, agro-morphological, physiological, biochemical were highlighted. Furthermore, breeding agronomic interventions improve performance drought-prone environments also discussed. Overall, disturbs germination, photosynthesis, water relations, shoot root growth, thereby reducing final yield. Conventional programs have identified several sources tolerance; however, modern biotechnological tools could be adopted decipher genetic architecture tolerance accelerate progress. Cost-affordable eco-friendly practices may contribute minimize negative consequences stress. Smart exploitation approaches help overcome drought, productivity, increase profitability farmers dry areas.

Язык: Английский

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Latest biotechnology tools and targets for improving abiotic stress tolerance in protein legumes

Environmental and Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 197, С. 104824 - 104824

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Breeding for Biotic Stress Resistance in Pea

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(9), С. 1825 - 1825

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2023

Pea (Pisum sativum) stands out as one of the most significant and productive cool-season pulse crops cultivated worldwide. Dealing with biotic stresses remains a critical challenge in fully harnessing pea’s potential productivity. As such, dedicated research developmental efforts are necessary to make use omic resources advanced breeding techniques. These approaches crucial facilitating rapid timely development high-yielding varieties that can tolerate resist multiple stresses. The availability genomic tools, such comprehensive genetic maps reliable DNA markers, holds immense promise for integrating resistance genes from diverse sources. This integration helps accelerate gains pea crops. review provides an overview recent accomplishments resource peas. It also covers inheritance controlling various stress responses, control pathogenesis disease-causing organisms, mapping genes/QTLs, well transcriptomic proteomic advancements. By combining conventional modern omics-enabled strategies, be significantly enhanced.

Язык: Английский

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