Hydrogel loaded with cerium-manganese nanoparticles and nerve growth factor enhances spinal cord injury repair by modulating immune microenvironment and promoting neuronal regeneration

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment remains a formidable challenge, as current therapeutic approaches provide only marginal relief and fail to reverse the underlying tissue damage. This study aims develop novel composite material combining enzymatic nanoparticles nerve growth factor (NGF) modulate immune microenvironment enhance SCI repair. CeMn (NP) NP-polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanozymes were synthesized via sol–gel reaction DSPE-mPEG modification. Transmission Electron Microscopy, Selected-Area Diffraction, X-ray Diffraction Photoelectron Spectroscopy confirmed their crystalline structure, mixed-valence states, redox properties. Size uniformity, biocompatibility, catalytic activity assessed hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, elemental analysis. The Lightgel/NGF/CeMn NP-PEG was characterized electron microscopy, compression testing, rheological analysis, NGF release kinetics, 30-day degradation studies. Both in vitro vivo experiments conducted evaluate effects of on SCI. successfully synthesized, exhibiting favorable physical At concentration 4 µg/mL, maintained cell viability demonstrated enhanced biological activity. It also showed superior mechanical properties an effective profile. Notably, significantly upregulated expression growth-associated proteins, reduced inflammatory cytokines, scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoted M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. In rat model, it facilitated functional recovery attenuated inflammation. shows significant promise for SCI, effectively eliminating ROS, promoting polarization, reducing pro-inflammatory supporting neuronal regeneration. These substantially motor function rats, positioning promising candidate future clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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Neurotrauma—From Injury to Repair: Clinical Perspectives, Cellular Mechanisms and Promoting Regeneration of the Injured Brain and Spinal Cord

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 643 - 643

Published: March 13, 2024

Traumatic injury to the brain and spinal cord (neurotrauma) is a common event across populations often causes profound irreversible disability. Pathophysiological responses trauma exacerbate damage of an index injury, propagating loss function that central nervous system (CNS) cannot repair after initial resolved. The way in which lost consequence complex array mechanisms continue chronic phase post-injury prevent effective neural repair. This review summarises events traumatic (TBI) (SCI), comprising description current clinical management strategies, summary known cellular molecular secondary their role prevention A discussion emerging approaches promote neuroregeneration CNS presented. barriers promoting neurotrauma are pathways cell types occur on level. presents challenge traditional pharmacological targeting single pathways. It suggested novel multiple or using combinatorial therapies may yield sought-after recovery for future patients.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Peptide-Loaded PLGA Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 127 - 127

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Peptide-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanocarriers represent a transformative approach to addressing the challenges of peptide-based therapies. These systems offer solutions peptide instability, enzymatic degradation, and limited bioavailability by providing controlled release, targeted delivery, improved stability. The versatility PLGA extends across therapeutic domains, including cancer therapy, neurodegenerative diseases, vaccine development, regenerative medicine. Innovations in polymer chemistry, surface functionalization, advanced manufacturing techniques, such as microfluidics electrospraying, have further enhanced efficacy scalability these systems. This review highlights key physicochemical properties, preparation strategies, proven benefits peptide-loaded systems, emphasizing their role sustained drug immune activation, tissue regeneration. Despite remarkable progress, production scalability, cost, regulatory hurdles remain.

Language: Английский

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Spinal Cord Injury Repair Based on Drug and Cell Delivery: from Remodeling Microenvironment to Relay Connection Formation

Materials Today Bio, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31, P. 101556 - 101556

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents a formidable challenge in clinical settings, resulting sensory and motor function loss imposing significant personal societal burdens. However, owning to the adverse microenvironment limited regenerative capacity, achieving complete functional recovery after SCI remains elusive. Additionally, traditional interventions including surgery medication have series of limitations that restrict effectiveness treatment. Recently, tissue engineering (TE) has emerged as promising approach for promoting neural regeneration SCI, which can effectively delivery drugs into site cells improve survival differential. Here, we outline main pathophysiology events post injury, further discuss materials common assembly strategies used scaffolds treatment, expound on latest advancements treatment methods based drug cell detail, propose future directions repair with TE highlight potential applications.

Language: Английский

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Research and application of conductive nanofiber nerve guidance conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration: a narrative review

Advanced technology in neuroscience ., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 47 - 57

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Autologous nerve grafting has long been considered the gold standard treatment for repairing peripheral injury. However, it faces challenges such as limited availability of donor nerves and complications at site. As a result, there an ongoing shift toward use novel biomaterials. Conductive nanofiber guidance conduits appear to be optimal solution due their excellent mechanical stability, structure, electrical stimulation properties, which can help restore original neural microenvironment. This review article focuses on in-depth investigation breakthroughs in conductive regeneration. It summarizes various materials that have used development conduits, including carbon nanofibers, multiwalled nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide, nanoparticles, polymers polypyrrole, polyaniline, polydioxothiophene. Furthermore, this also addresses contributions manufacturing strategies, hybrid electrospinning surface coating, electrical, mechanical, biological properties conduits. covers practical applications these improving cell function facilitating tissue repair. Although application prospects are promising, remain controlling ensure biocompatibility. Future research will focus addressing limitations optimize therapeutic technology, ultimately providing better outcomes patients with

Language: Английский

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Advanced development of conductive biomaterials for enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration: a review

RSC Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(17), P. 12997 - 13009

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

This paper introduces conductive biomaterials for peripheral nerve regeneration, which promote axon growth and recovery via electrical signals. Future focus is on interdisciplinary smart conduits, real-time monitoring, clinical translation.

Language: Английский

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PLCL/SF/NGF nerve conduit loaded with RGD‐TA‐PPY hydrogel promotes regeneration of sciatic nerve defects in rats through PI3K/AKT signalling pathways

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(15)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Abstract Peripheral nerve defect are common clinical problem caused by trauma or other diseases, often leading to the loss of sensory and motor function in patients. Autologous transplantation has been gold standard for repairing peripheral defects, but its application is limited due insufficient donor tissue. In recent years, tissue engineering methods synthesize conduits treating become a current research focus. This study introduces novel approach defects using tissue‐engineered PLCL/SF/NGF@TA‐PPy‐RGD conduit. The conduit was fabricated combining electrospun PLCL/SF with an NGF‐loaded conductive TA‐PPy‐RGD gel. gel, synthesized from RGD‐modified tannic acid (TA) polypyrrole (PPy), provides growth anchor points cells. vitro results showed that this hybrid could enhance PC12 cell proliferation, migration, reduce apoptosis under oxidative stress. Furthermore, activated PI3K/AKT signalling pathway rat model sciatic defect, significantly improved function, gastrocnemius muscle myelin sheath axon thickness, comparable autologous transplantation. It also promoted angiogenesis around defect. suggests provide conducive environment regeneration, offering new strategy treatment, provided theoretical basis strategies treatment

Language: Английский

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Prussian blue nanotechnology in the treatment of spinal cord injury: application and challenges

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 11, 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological condition that currently lacks effective treatments, placing heavy burden on both patients and society. Prussian blue nanoparticles exhibit great potential for treating spinal injuries due to their excellent physicochemical properties biocompatibility. These have strong anti-inflammatory antioxidant capabilities, effectively scavenge free radicals, reduce oxidative stress damage cells. nanotechnology shows broad application in drug delivery, bioimaging, cancer therapy, treatment, biosensors. This article reviewed the applications of injuries, explored challenges solutions associated with its application, discussed future prospects this technology SCI treatment.

Language: Английский

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