Roseburia Spp.: A Marker of Health?

Future Microbiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 157 - 170

Published: Jan. 31, 2017

The genus Roseburia consists of obligate Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that are slightly curved, rod-shaped and motile by means multiple subterminal flagella. It includes five species: intestinalis, R. hominis, inulinivorans, faecis cecicola. Gut spp. metabolize dietary components stimulate their proliferation metabolic activities. They part commensal producing short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, affecting colonic motility, immunity maintenance anti-inflammatory properties. Modification in representation may affect various pathways is associated with several diseases (including irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, nervous system conditions allergies). could also serve as biomarkers for symptomatic pathologies (e.g., gallstone formation) or probiotics restoration beneficial flora.

Language: Английский

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Functional implications of microbial and viral gut metagenome changes in early stage L-DOPA-naïve Parkinson’s disease patients

Genome Medicine, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: April 26, 2017

Parkinson's disease (PD) presently is conceptualized as a protein aggregation in which pathology involves both the enteric and central nervous system, possibly spreading from one to another via vagus nerves. As gastrointestinal dysfunction often precedes or parallels motor symptoms, system with its vast diversity of microorganisms may be involved PD pathogenesis. Alterations microbial taxonomic level L-DOPA-naïve patients might also serve biomarker. We performed metagenomic shotgun analyses compared fecal microbiomes 31 early stage, 28 age-matched controls. found increased Verrucomicrobiaceae (Akkermansia muciniphila) unclassified Firmicutes, whereas Prevotellaceae (Prevotella copri) Erysipelotrichaceae (Eubacterium biforme) were markedly lowered samples. The observed differences could reliably separate control ROC-AUC 0.84. Functional metagenomes revealed microbiota metabolism involving ẞ-glucuronate tryptophan metabolism. While abundances prophages plasmids did not differ between controls, total virus abundance was decreased participants. Based on our analyses, intake either MAO inhibitor, amantadine, dopamine agonist (which summary relates 90% patients) had no overall influence taxa functions. Our data colonic controls at an unprecedented detail achievable through 16S sequencing. findings point yet unappreciated aspect PD, intestinal barrier function immune patients. parkinsonian medication should further investigated future larger cohorts.

Language: Английский

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The nasal and gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease and idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder

Movement Disorders, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 33(1), P. 88 - 98

Published: Aug. 26, 2017

ABSTRACT Background Increasing evidence connects the gut microbiota and onset and/or phenotype of Parkinson's disease (PD). Differences in abundances specific bacterial taxa have been reported PD patients. It is, however, unknown whether these differences can be observed individuals at high risk, for example, with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, a prodromal condition α‐synuclein aggregation disorders including PD. Objectives To compare carefully preserved nasal wash stool samples subjects manifest PD, healthy individuals. Methods Microbiota flash‐frozen from 76 patients, 21 disorder 78 controls were assessed by 16S 18S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. Seventy variables, related to demographics, clinical parameters nonmotor symptoms, sample processing, analyzed relation microbiome variability controlled differential analyses performed. Results Differentially abundant microbes, such as Akkermansia , but no strong microbiota. Eighty percent microbes versus showed similar trends Anaerotruncus several Bacteroides spp., correlated symptoms. Metagenomic sequencing select enabled reconstruction genomes so far uncharacterized differentially organisms. Conclusion Our study reveals microbial its prodrome comparison controls, highlights potential metagenomics identify characterize taxa, which are enriched or depleted disorder. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf International Parkinson Disorder Society.

Language: Английский

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Meta-analysis of the Parkinson’s disease gut microbiome suggests alterations linked to intestinal inflammation

npj Parkinson s Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: March 10, 2021

The gut microbiota is emerging as an important modulator of neurodegenerative diseases, and accumulating evidence has linked microbes to Parkinson's disease (PD) symptomatology pathophysiology. PD often preceded by gastrointestinal symptoms alterations the enteric nervous system accompany disease. Several studies have analyzed microbiome in PD, but a consensus on features PD-specific missing. Here, we conduct meta-analysis re-analyzing ten currently available 16S datasets investigate whether common patients exist across cohorts. We found significant PD-associated microbiome, which are robust study-specific technical heterogeneities, although differences structure between controls small. Enrichment genera Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium depletion bacteria belonging Lachnospiraceae family Faecalibacterium genus, both short-chain fatty acids producers, emerged most consistent alterations. This dysbiosis might result pro-inflammatory status could be recurrent affecting patients.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome in human neurological disease: A review

Annals of Neurology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 81(3), P. 369 - 382

Published: Feb. 21, 2017

Almost half the cells and 1% of unique genes found in our bodies are human, rest from microbes, predominantly bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses. These microorganisms collectively form human microbiota, with most colonizing gut. Recent technological advances, open access data libraries, application high‐throughput sequencing have allowed these microbes to be identified their contribution neurological health examined. Emerging evidence links perturbations gut microbiota disease, including disease risk, activity, progression. This review provides an overview recent advances microbiome research relation neuro(auto)immune neurodegenerative conditions affecting humans, such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, Parkinson Alzheimer Huntington amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Study design terminology used this rapidly evolving, highly multidisciplinary field summarized empower engage neurology community “newly discovered organ.” Ann Neurol 2017;81:369–382

Language: Английский

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