International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(9), P. 8305 - 8305
Published: May 5, 2023
The
melanin
pigments
eumelanin
(EM)
and
pheomelanin
(PM),
which
are
dark
brown
to
black
yellow
reddish-brown,
respectively,
widely
found
among
vertebrates.
They
produced
in
melanocytes
the
epidermis,
hair
follicles,
choroid,
iris,
inner
ear,
other
tissues.
diversity
of
colors
animals
is
mainly
caused
by
quantity
quality
their
melanin,
such
as
ratios
EM
versus
PM.
We
have
developed
micro-analytical
methods
simultaneously
measure
PM
used
these
study
biochemical
genetic
fundamentals
pigmentation.
photoreactivity
has
become
a
major
focus
research
because
postulated
relevance
for
risk
UVA-induced
melanoma.
Our
application
many
clinical
studies
on
conditions
associated
with
alterations
Recently,
besides
chemical
degradative
methods,
been
characterization
also
discussed
here.
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: March 7, 2024
Introduction:
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
is
the
most
common
motor
neurodegenerative
worldwide.
Given
complexity
of
PD
etiology
and
different
metabolic
derangements
correlated
to
disease,
metabolomics
profiling
patients
a
helpful
tool
identify
patho-mechanistic
pathways
for
development.
Dopamine
metabolism
has
been
target
several
previous
studies,
which
some
have
reported
lower
phenylalanine
tyrosine
levels
in
compared
controls.
Methods:
In
this
study,
we
collected
plasma
from
27
patients,
18
reference
controls,
8
high-risk
controls
perform
metabolomic
study
using
liquid
chromatography-electrospray
ionization–tandem
mass
spectrometry
(LC-ESI-MS/MS).
Results:
Our
findings
revealed
higher
intensities
trans-cinnamate,
metabolite,
Thus,
hypothesize
that
shifted
produce
trans-cinnamate
via
L-phenylalanine
ammonia
lyase
(PAL),
instead
producing
tyrosine,
dopamine
precursor,
hydroxylase
(PAH).
Discussion:
these
metabolites
are
precursors
other
pathways,
many
such
as
dopamine,
norepinephrine,
3-hydroxyanthranilic
acid,
connects
tryptophan,
altered.
Consequently,
respect
Metabolic
Control
Analysis
(MCA)
theory,
tryptophan
also
Some
tryptamine,
melatonin,
nicotinamide.
assume
alterations
could
contribute
dopaminergic,
adrenergic,
serotonergic
neurodegeneration
happen
disease.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(11), P. 6199 - 6199
Published: June 4, 2024
The
skin–brain
axis
has
been
suggested
to
play
a
role
in
several
pathophysiological
conditions,
including
opioid
addiction,
Parkinson’s
disease
and
many
others.
Recent
evidence
suggests
that
pathways
regulating
skin
pigmentation
may
directly
indirectly
regulate
behaviour.
Conversely,
CNS-driven
neural
hormonal
responses
have
demonstrated
pigmentation,
e.g.,
under
stress.
Additionally,
due
the
shared
neuroectodermal
origins
of
melanocytes
neurons
CNS,
certain
CNS
diseases
be
linked
pigmentation-related
changes
common
regulators,
MC1R
variations.
Furthermore,
HPA
analogue
connects
endocrine
system,
thereby
allowing
index
possible
abnormalities
visibly.
In
this
review,
insight
is
provided
into
pigment
production
neuromelanin
synthesis
brain
recent
findings
are
summarised
on
how
signalling
skin,
with
particular
focus
interconnected
central
nervous
system.
Thus,
review
supply
better
understanding
mechanism
associations
health
disease.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
67(9), P. 7260 - 7275
Published: April 23, 2024
Artificial
intelligence
(AI)
de
novo
molecular
generation
is
a
highly
promising
strategy
in
the
drug
discovery,
with
deep
reinforcement
learning
(RL)
models
emerging
as
powerful
tools.
This
study
introduces
fragment-by-fragment
growth
RL
forward
and
optimization
based
on
low
activity
lead
compound.
process
integrates
fragment
growth-based
reaction
templates,
while
target
docking
drug-likeness
prediction
were
simultaneously
performed.
comprehensive
approach
considers
similarity,
internal
diversity,
synthesizability,
effectiveness,
thereby
enhancing
quality
efficiency
of
generation.
Finally,
series
tyrosinase
inhibitors
generated
synthesized.
Most
compounds
exhibited
more
improved
than
lead,
an
optimal
candidate
compound
surpassing
effects
kojic
acid
demonstrating
significant
antipigmentation
zebrafish
model.
Furthermore,
metabolic
stability
studies
indicated
susceptibility
to
hepatic
metabolism.
The
proposed
AI
structural
strategies
will
play
role
accelerating
discovery
improving
traditional
efficiency.
Neurology Research International,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
2025(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Background:
Alpha‐synuclein
(ASyn),
a
marker
of
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
and
other
neurodegenerative
processes,
plays
pivotal
roles
in
neuronal
nuclei
synapses.
ASyn
its
phosphorylated
form
at
Serine
129
(p‐ASyn)
are
involved
DNA
protection
repair,
processes
altered
aging,
neurodegeneration,
cancer.
Objective:
To
analyze
the
localization
p‐ASyn
skin
biopsies
PD
patients
melanoma.
Methods:
Biopsies
from
26
patients,
20
melanoma
31
control
subjects
were
probed
analyzed
with
antibody
by
immunohistochemistry
immunofluorescence.
Nuclear
positivity
was
quantified
image
analysis.
Results:
Peripheral
nerve
endings
healthy
show
little
immunopositivity
but
notable
axonal
presence
PD.
Control
to
along
all
epidermic
strata
scarce
their
cytoplasm.
In
contrast,
nuclear
is
weaker,
higher
cytoplasmic
intercellular
presence.
varied
similar
early
stage
rate
empty
intermediate
total
absence
severe
cases.
Interpretation:
These
findings
support
cells
that
decreases
almost
disappears
malignant
transformation
melanocytes,
redistributing
cytoplasm
spaces.
This
confirms
association
between
melanoma,
providing
crucial
insights
into
role
both
diseases.
Trial
Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov
identifier:
NCT01380899
.
Frontiers in Neurology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: May 21, 2024
Our
knowledge
about
the
association
between
vitiligo
and
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
is
sparse.
We
sought
to
investigate
bidirectional
epidemiological
PD.
