Western Diet and the Immune System: An Inflammatory Connection

Immunity, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 51(5), P. 794 - 811

Published: Nov. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Prebiotics Reduce Body Fat and Alter Intestinal Microbiota in Children Who Are Overweight or With Obesity

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 153(3), P. 711 - 722

Published: June 5, 2017

Background & AimsIt might be possible to manipulate the intestinal microbiota with prebiotics or other agents prevent treat obesity. However, little is known about ability of specifically modify gut in children overweight/obesity reduce body weight. We performed a randomized controlled trial study effects on composition, markers inflammation, bile acids fecal samples, and composition overweight obesity.MethodsWe single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2 separate cohorts (March 2014 August 2014) at University Calgary Canada. Participants included children, 7–12 years old, obesity (>85th percentile mass index) but otherwise healthy. were randomly assigned groups given either oligofructose-enriched inulin (OI; 8 g/day; n=22) maltodextrin placebo (isocaloric dose, controls; n=20) once daily for 16 weeks. Fat lean measured using dual-energy-x-ray absorptiometry. Height, weight, waist circumference baseline every 4 weeks thereafter. Blood samples collected weeks, analyzed lipids, cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, insulin. Fecal weeks; profiled high-performance liquid chromatography was by 16S rRNA sequencing quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The primary outcome change percent fat from weeks.ResultsAfter who consumed OI had significant decreases weight z-score (decrease 3.1%), 2.4%), trunk 3.8%) compared (increase 0.5%, increase 0.05%, decrease 0.3%, respectively). Children also reduction level interleukin 6 15%) group 25%). There serum triglycerides 19%) group. Quantitative reaction showed Bifidobacterium spp. controls. revealed increases species genus Bacteroides vulgatus within OI. In levels increased not over 16-week period.ConclusionsIn placebo-controlled, trial, we found prebiotic (OI) selectively alter significantly z-score, fat, (Clinicaltrials.gov no: NCT02125955). It After period.

Language: Английский

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Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Obesity: Links with Host Genetics and Epigenetics and Potential Applications

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10, P. S17 - S30

Published: Oct. 30, 2018

Language: Английский

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Effects and Mechanisms of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics on Metabolic Diseases Targeting Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 3211 - 3211

Published: Sept. 15, 2021

Metabolic diseases are serious threats to public health and related gut microbiota. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics (PPSP) powerful regulators of microbiota, thus possessing prospects for preventing metabolic diseases. Therefore, the effects mechanisms PPSP on targeting microbiota worth discussing clarifying. Generally, benefit management, especially obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus. The underlying microbial-related mainly modulation composition, regulation microbial metabolites, improvement intestinal barrier function. Moreover, clinical trials showed benefits patients with diseases, while strategies gestational mellitus, optimal formula synbiotics need further study. This review fully summarizes relationship between probiotics, postbiotics, presents promising results one in dispute, attention is paid illustrates potential effects, which could contribute next research development PPSP.

Language: Английский

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Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Musculoskeletal Disease: Common Inflammatory Pathways Suggest a Central Role for Loss of Muscle Integrity

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Feb. 23, 2018

Inflammation can arise in response to a variety of stimuli, including infectious agents, tissue injury, autoimmune diseases, and obesity. Some these responses are acute resolve, while others become chronic exert sustained impact on the host, systemically or locally. Obesity is now recognized as low-grade, systemic inflammatory state that predisposes other conditions metabolic syndrome (MetS). Although obesity has received considerable attention regarding its pathophysiological link cardiovascular type 2 diabetes, musculoskeletal (MSK) complications (i.e., muscle, bone, tendon, joints) result from obesity-associated disturbances less frequently interrogated. As diseases lead worsening MetS, this underscores imminent need understand cause effect relations between two, convergence pathways contribute MSK damage. Muscle mass key predictor longevity older adults, obesity-induced sarcopenia significant risk factor for adverse health outcomes. highly plastic, undergoes regular remodeling, responsible majority total body glucose utilization, which when impaired leads insulin resistance. Furthermore, muscle integrity, defined persistent loss, intramuscular lipid accumulation, connective deposition, hallmark dysfunction. In fact, many common have been implicated pathogenesis interrelated tissues system (e.g., tendinopathy, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis). Despite similarities, rarely evaluated comprehensive manner. The aim review summarize damage disease MetS. We propose overarching hypothesis there central role with exposure an obesity-inducing diet. consequence diet dysregulation altered repair imbalance toward negative adaptation, resulting regulatory failure commonalities support conclusion pathology MetS should be integrated manner MSK-related conditions. Implications conservative management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia with Dietary Factors

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 2277 - 2277

Published: Sept. 23, 2019

Metabolic endotoxemia is a condition in which blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels are elevated, regardless of the presence obvious infection. It has been suggested to lead chronic inflammation-related diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), pancreatitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, it attracted attention target for prevention treatment these diseases. As metabolic was first reported mice that were fed high-fat diet, research regarding its relationship with diets actively conducted humans animals. this review, we summarize between fat intake induction endotoxemia, focusing on gut dysbiosis influx, kinetics, metabolism LPS. We also recent findings about dietary factors attenuate regulation microbiota. hope future, control using will help maintain human health.

Language: Английский

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The Prebiotic Potential of Inulin-Type Fructans: A Systematic Review

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 492 - 529

Published: Sept. 16, 2021

Inulin-type fructans (ITF), including short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS), oligofructose, and inulin, are commonly used fibers that widely regarded as prebiotic for their ability to be selectively utilized by the intestinal microbiota confer a health benefit. However, our knowledge literature thus far lacks thorough discussion of evidence from human clinical trials effect ITF, beneficial effects on composition extraintestinal processes (e.g., glucose homeostasis, lipids, mineral absorption bone health, appetite satiety, inflammation immune function, body composition). Additionally, there has been lack regarding aspects such ITF chain length its effects. The overall objective this systematic review was summarize potential based results in healthy adult populations. Evidence studies included current suggest have microbiota, promoting abundances Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Beneficial reported following intake include improved barrier laxation, increased insulin sensitivity, decreased triglycerides an lipid profile, calcium magnesium, satiety. Although is some differing length, direct comparisons detailed descriptions physicochemical properties limits draw conclusions studies. Future research should focus elucidating mechanisms which mediates or modifies contribution individual factors age metabolic movement toward personalization applications.

Language: Английский

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Contribution of the gut microbiota to the regulation of host metabolism and energy balance: a focus on the gut–liver axis

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 78(3), P. 319 - 328

Published: Jan. 10, 2019

This review presents mechanistic studies performed in vitro and animal models, as well data obtained patients that contribute to a better understanding of the impact nutrients interacting with gut microbiota on metabolic behavioural alterations linked obesity. The composition function are altered several pathological conditions including obesity related diseases i.e. non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). gut-liver axis is clearly influenced by barrier drives inflammation. In addition, recent papers propose specific metabolites issued from cooperation between microbes host enzymes, modulate inflammation gene expression liver. illustrates how dietary intervention prebiotics or probiotics influences energy metabolism Indeed, currently underway obese NAFLD unravel relevance changes management disorders microbiota. conclusion, diet among main triggers modified accordingly, underlining importance concomitant study microbial health metabolism, order innovative, clinically relevant, therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Role of prebiotics in regulation of microbiota and prevention of obesity

Food Research International, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 113, P. 183 - 188

Published: July 5, 2018

Language: Английский

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Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic Health

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 2096 - 2096

Published: May 17, 2022

The colon harbours a dynamic and complex community of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which constitutes densest microbial ecosystem in human body. These commensal microbes play key role health diseases, revealing strong potential fine-tuning microbiota to confer benefits. In this context, dietary strategies targeting modulate composition metabolic function communities are increasing interest. One such strategy is use prebiotics, defined substrates that selectively utilised by host microorganisms benefit. A better understanding pathways involved breakdown prebiotics essential improve these nutritional strategies. review, we will present concept focus on main sources nature components, mainly non-digestible polysaccharides. We review mechanisms carbohydrates intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) molecules mediating dialogue between host. Finally, studies exploring personalised responses prebiotic ingestion. conclusion, hope be interest identify mechanistic factors for optimization prebiotic-based

Language: Английский

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