The links between gut microbiota and obesity and obesity related diseases

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 112678 - 112678

Published: Feb. 5, 2022

The obesity epidemic has become a global public health crisis in recent years and is continuing to worsen at an alarming rate. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved development of obesity-related diseases are still being unraveled. In past ten years, gut microbiota been identified as crucial player affecting onset progression diseases, especially with respect changes its composition metabolites during progression. Herein, we summarize roles microbiota’s metabolite play related diseases. Furthermore, discuss potential therapeutic treatments that can be used modulate microbiome target relevant metabolic pathways

Language: Английский

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Health Benefits and Side Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Foods, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(18), P. 2863 - 2863

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

The gut microbiota and their metabolites could play an important role in health diseases of human beings. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are mainly produced by microbiome fermentation dietary fiber also be bacteria the skin vagina. Acetate, propionate, butyrate three major SCFAs, bioactivities have been widely studied. SCFAs many benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anticancer, cardiovascular protective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activities. This paper summarizes benefits side effects with a special attention paid to mechanisms action. provides better support for people eating well ways developed into functional food prevent diseases.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in health and disease

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(6)

Published: Nov. 4, 2023

The gut microbiota and its homeostasis play a crucial role in human health. However, for some diseases related to the microbiota, current traditional medicines can only relieve symptoms, it is difficult solve root causes or even cause side effects like disturbances microbiota. Increasing clinical studies evidences have demonstrated that probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics prevent treat various diseases, but currently they be used as dietary supplements rather than medicines, which restricts application of probiotics field medicine. Here, this review analyzes importance health problems systematically summarizes effectiveness mechanisms maintaining treating based on animal models trials. And research outcomes development trends field, challenges prospects their health, alleviating are analyzed. It hoped promote disease treatment open up new frontiers probiotic research.

Language: Английский

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Role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in management of inflammatory bowel disease: Current perspectives

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(14), P. 2078 - 2100

Published: April 12, 2023

Experimental evidence supports the fact that changes in bowel microflora due to environmental or dietary factors have been investigated as implicating etiopathogenesis of inflammatory disease (IBD). The amassing knowledge inhabited microbiome regulates gut physiology and immune functions IBD, has led researchers explore effectiveness prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics treating IBD. This therapeutic approach focuses on restoring dynamic balance between host defense mechanisms intestinal mucosa prevent onset persistence inflammation. Numerous microbial strains carbohydrate blends, along with their combinations examined experimental colitis models clinical trials, results indicated it can be an attractive strategy for suppression inflammation, remission induction, relapse prevention IBD minimal side effects. Several action probiotics (for

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome and human health: Exploring how the probiotic genus Lactobacillus modulate immune responses

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 24, 2022

The highest density of microbes resides in human gastrointestinal tract, known as “Gut microbiome”. Of note, the members genus Lactobacillus that belong to phyla Firmicutes are most important probiotic bacteria gut microbiome. These gut-residing species not only communicate with each other but also epithelial lining balance barrier integrity, mucosal defence and ameliorate host immune responses. body suffers from several inflammatory diseases affecting gut, lungs, heart, bone or neural tissues. Mounting evidence supports significant role spp. their components (such metabolites, peptidoglycans, and/or surface proteins) modulatingimmune responses, primarily through exchange immunological signals between tract distant organs. This bidirectional crosstalk which is mediated by promotes anti-inflammatory response, thereby supporting improvement symptoms pertaining asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neuroinflammatory multiple sclerosis, alzheimer’s disease, parkinson’s disease), cardiovascular diseases, bowel (IBD) infections patients. metabolic disorders, obesity diabetes characterized a low-grade inflammation. Genus alleviates disorders regulating oxidative stress response pathways. Osteoporosis associated inflammation resorption. metabolites act powerful cell controllers exhibit regulatory resorption formation, health. Thus, this review demonstrated mechanisms summarized benefit alleviating different organs animal clinical trials. present narrative explores detail complex interactions gut-dwelling promote host’s

Language: Английский

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Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by regulating the Th17/Treg balance and gut microbiota structure

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 20, 2023

Background With increasing knowledge about the gut – bone axis, more studies for treatments based on regulation of postmenopausal osteoporosis by microbes are being conducted. Based our previous work, this study was conducted to further investigate therapeutic effects Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) ovariectomized (OVX) model rats and immunological microecological mechanisms involved.Results We found a protective effect LGG treatment in OVX through changes microarchitecture, biomechanics, CTX-I, PINP, Ca, RANKL expression levels. advantageous promoting osteogenesis, which may be responsible alleviation osteoporosis. Th17 cells were imbalanced with Treg mediastinal lymph nodes marrow, RORγt FOXP3 following similar trend. TNF-α IL-17 colon marrow increased, while TGF-β IL-10 decreased; however, modulated these improved Th17/Treg balance significantly. Regarding intestinal barrier, we that ameliorated estrogen deficiency-induced inflammation mucosal damage increased GLP-2 R tight junction proteins. Importantly, 16S rRNA sequencing showed significant increase Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio during deficiency. Dominant flora differences composition; regulated various genera OVX, along modifying those did not change significantly other groups respect development, bile acid metabolism.Conclusions Overall, regulating microbiome barrier stimulating bone.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Gut Microbiota in Anxiety, Depression, and Other Mental Disorders as Well as the Protective Effects of Dietary Components

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(14), P. 3258 - 3258

Published: July 23, 2023

The number of individuals experiencing mental disorders (e.g., anxiety and depression) has significantly risen in recent years. Therefore, it is essential to seek prevention treatment strategies for disorders. Several gut microbiota, especially Firmicutes Bacteroidetes, are demonstrated affect health through microbiota-gut-brain axis, the microbiota dysbiosis can be related disorders, such as anxiety, depression, other On hand, dietary components, including probiotics Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium), prebiotics fiber alpha-lactalbumin), synbiotics, postbiotics short-chain fatty acids), dairy products, spices Zanthoxylum bungeanum, curcumin, capsaicin), fruits, vegetables, medicinal herbs, so on, could exert protective effects against by enhancing beneficial while suppressing harmful ones. In this paper, disorder-associated summarized. addition, components on targeting discussed. This paper helpful develop some natural products into pharmaceuticals functional foods prevent treat

Language: Английский

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Prebiotics as a Tool for the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes: Classification and Ability to Modulate the Gut Microbiota

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(11), P. 6097 - 6097

Published: May 29, 2022

Diabetes and obesity are metabolic diseases that have become alarming conditions in recent decades. Their rate of increase is becoming a growing concern worldwide. Recent studies established the composition dysfunction gut microbiota associated with development diabetes. For this reason, strategies such as use prebiotics to improve intestinal microbial structure function popular. Consumption for modulating results production metabolites short-chain fatty acids play essential roles reducing blood glucose levels, mitigating insulin resistance, inflammation, promoting secretion glucagon-like peptide 1 host, accounts observed remission diseases. Prebiotics can be either naturally extracted from non-digestible carbohydrate materials or synthetically produced. In review, we discussed current findings on how may influence host metabolism promote health. We provided evidence various show ability prebiotic consumption alter profile, functions, physiology alleviate diabetes obesity. conclude among other things application systems biology coupled bioinformatics could ascertaining exact mechanisms behind prebiotic–gut microbe–host interactions required improvement.

Language: Английский

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The role of probiotics and prebiotics in modulating of the gut-brain axis

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: July 26, 2023

Pro-and prebiotics have been indicated to modulate the gut-brain axis, which supportive impacts on central nervous systems, and decrease or control incidence of some mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, autism, Schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s. In this review, complex communications among microbiota, gut, brain, also recent scientific findings possible action mechanisms pro-and discussed. The results shown that can improve function system play an important role in prevention treatment brain disorders; however, order prove these effects conclusively firmly use compounds a therapeutic way, more studies are needed, especially human studies/clinical trials.

Language: Английский

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Theabrownin inhibits obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice via serotonin-related signaling pathways and gut-liver axis

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52, P. 59 - 72

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with obesity seriously threats public health. Our previous studies showed that dark tea had more potential on regulating lipid metabolism than other teas, and theabrownin (TB) was considered to be a main contributor the bioactivity of tea.This in vivo study aims reveal effects molecular mechanisms TB NAFLD obesity, role gut-liver axis is explored.The histopathological examinations, biochemical tests, nuclear magnetic resonance were applied evaluate obesity. The untargeted metabolomics used find key molecule for further exploration mechanisms. 16S rRNA gene sequencing assess changes gut microbiota. antibiotic cocktail fecal microbiota transplant clarify microbiota.TB markedly reduced body weight gain (67.01%), fat rate (62.81%), hepatic TG level (51.35%) preventive experiment. Especially, decreased (32.16%), (42.56%), (42.86%) therapeutic action could improvement acid oxidation, lipolysis, oxidative stress via regulation serotonin-related signaling pathways. Also, increased abundance microbiota, such as Akkermansia, Bacteroides Parabacteroides. Antibiotics-induced bacterial dysbiosis disrupted pathways liver, whereas beneficial target proteins regained restoration microbiota.We has by serotonin related through Furthermore, co-contribute alleviating promising medicine

Language: Английский

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