Intermittent fasting and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials

EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 70, P. 102519 - 102519

Published: March 11, 2024

Benefits of Intermittent fasting (IF) on health-related outcomes have been found in a range randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Our umbrella review aimed to systematically analyze and synthesize the available causal evidence IF its impact specific while evaluating quality.

Language: Английский

---

Alternate‐day fasting enhanced weight loss and metabolic benefits over pair‐fed calorie restriction in obese mice

Obesity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Abstract Objective Both alternate‐day fasting (ADF) and calorie restriction (CR) are effective weight loss strategies. However, most individuals find it difficult to adhere CR. Furthermore, CR can induce an excessive of not only fat but also muscle mass. This study aimed compare the effects ADF pair‐feeding (PF) on metabolic pathways underlying obesity in mice with high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity. Methods Male C57BL/6N Tac ( n = 10 per group) were fed HFD for 8 weeks establish a diet‐induced model. Mice then continued either access food or PF next weeks. We measured body weight, adiposity, plasma biomarkers, molecular mechanisms involving lipolysis autophagy. Results resulted comparable loss. Compared PF, showed significant reduction liver hepatic triglyceride levels. significantly increased ketone levels white adipose tissue lipolysis. tended activate autophagy elongation autophagosome formation, which insignificant. Conclusions These findings indicated that is promising intervention diseases, potentially due its superior efficacy promoting ketogenesis compared PF.

Language: Английский

---

A meta‐analysis comparing the effectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time‐restricted eating for weight loss

Obesity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(S1), P. 9 - 21

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Abstract Objective The objective of this meta‐analysis was to compare the effectiveness different intermittent fasting (IF) regimens on weight loss, in general population, and these traditional caloric energy restriction (CER). Methods Three databases were searched from 2011 June 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed loss IF, including alternate day (ADF), 5:2 diet, time‐restricted eating (TRE). A random effect network analysis used between three regimens. Meta‐regression presented as weighted mean differences body loss. Results exploratory effects 24 RCTs ( n = 1768) ranked ADF most effective, followed by CER TRE. showed IF resulted similar (mean difference 0.26 kg, 95% CI: –0.31 0.84; p 0.37). Compliance generally high (>80%) shorter than 3 months. Conclusions present concludes is comparable a promising alternative Among regimens, highest Further well‐powered with longer durations intervention are required draw solid conclusions.

Language: Английский

---

Timing of energy intake and the therapeutic potential of intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating in NAFLD

Gut, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72(8), P. 1607 - 1619

Published: June 7, 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a major public health concern and is associated with substantial global burden of liver-related cardiovascular-related morbidity mortality. High total energy intake coupled unhealthy consumption ultra-processed foods saturated fats have long been regarded as dietary drivers NAFLD. However, there an accumulating body evidence demonstrating that the timing across day also important determinant individual risk for NAFLD metabolic conditions. This review summarises available observational epidemiological data describing associations between eating patterns disease, including negative effects irregular meal patterns, skipping breakfast night-time on health. We suggest these harmful behaviours deserve greater consideration in stratification management patients particularly 24-hour society continuous availability food up to 20% population now engaged shiftwork mistimed patterns. draw studies reporting liver-specific impact Ramadan, which unique real-world opportunity explore physiological fasting. By highlighting from preclinical pilot human studies, we present further biological rationale manipulating improve discuss how this may be mediated through restoration natural circadian rhythms. Lastly, comprehensively landscape trials intermittent fasting time-restricted offer look future about strategies benefit non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Language: Английский

---

The effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 3830 - 3841

Published: July 2, 2024

Abstract Aim To perform a meta‐analysis to investigate the effects of intermittent fasting (IF), as compared with either control diet (CON) and/or calorie restriction (CR), on body composition and cardiometabolic health in individuals prediabetes type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods PubMed, Web Science, Scopus were searched from their inception March 2024 identify original randomized trials parallel or crossover designs that studied IF health. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) standardized 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated using random‐effects models. Results Overall, 14 studies involving 1101 adults T2D included meta‐analysis. decreased weight (WMD −4.56 kg [95% CI −6.23 −2.83]; p = 0.001), mass index (BMI; WMD −1.99 kg.m −2.74 −1.23]; glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; −0.81% −1.24 −0.38]; glucose −0.36 mmol/L −0.63 −0.09]; 0.008), total cholesterol −0.31 −0.60 −0.02]; 0.03) triglycerides −0.14 −0.27 −0.01]; 0.02), but did not significantly decrease fat mass, insulin, low‐densitiy lipoprotein, high‐density blood pressure CON. Furthermore, −1.14 −1.69 −0.60]; 0.001) BMI −0.43 −0.58 −0.27]; affect lean visceral fat, HbA1c, lipid profiles pressure. Conclusion Intermittent is effective for loss specific markers T2D. Additionally, associated reduction CR, without glycaemic markers,

Language: Английский

---

The impact of intermittent fasting on gut microbiota: a systematic review of human studies

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Background Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity in interventions targeting overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome. IF may affect the gut microbiome composition therefore have various effects on mediated functions humans. Research of human is limited. Therefore, objective this systematic review was to determine how different types microbiome. Methods A literature search conducted for studies investigating association microbiota richness, alpha beta diversity, subjects. Databases included Cochrane Library (RRID:SCR_013000), PubMed (RRID:SCR_004846), Scopus (RRID:SCR_022559) Web Science (RRID:SCR_022706). total 1,332 were retrieved, which 940 remained after removing duplicates. Ultimately, a 8 review. The randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental pilot implementing an intervention (time-restricted eating, alternate day or 5:2 diet) healthy subjects with any disease. Results Most found between diversity compositional changes. There heterogeneity results, bacteria be statistically significantly affected by varied widely depending study. Conclusion findings suggest that influences microbiota. It seems possible can improve richness diversity. Due substantial more research required validate these clarify whether changes might beneficial health. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ , identifier CRD42021241619.

Language: Английский

---

Effects of combined dietary intervention and physical-cognitive exercise on cognitive function and cardiometabolic health of postmenopausal women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: March 5, 2024

Abstract Background Postmenopausal women with obesity are markedly at risk of cognitive impairment and several health issues. Emerging evidence demonstrated that both diet exercise, particularly physical-cognitive exercise involved in benefits. However, the comparative effect diet, combined interventions postmenopausal on cognition cardiometabolic is still lacking. Identifying effective promotion program understanding changes linking these to would have important medical implications. This RCT aimed examine single function obesity. Methods Ninety-two were randomly assigned group (intermittent fasting 2 days/week, 3 months), (physical-cognitive group, or control ( n = 23/group). All outcomes measured baseline post-3 months. Primary executive functions, memory, plasma BDNF levels. Secondary global cognition, attention, language domain, adiponectin levels, IL-6 metabolic parameters, physical function. Results At end 3-month intervention, significant memory improvement which was accompanied by improvements level, insulin HOMA-IR, %body fat, muscle strength when compared controls p < 0.05). Only intervention a increased levels Surprisingly, no observed > Significant reduction cholesterol shown groups Among three groups, there differences all showed weight, BMI, WHR, fat mass, predicted VO max, Conclusion These findings suggest dietary promising improve obesity-related complications Trial registration NCT04768725 https://clinicaltrials.gov ) 24th February 2021.

Language: Английский

---

Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health in the Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 357 - 357

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

The efficacy of intermittent fasting (IF), as an emerging weight management strategy, in improving cardiometabolic health has been evaluated various populations, but that among Chinese individuals not systematically studied. A comprehensive search on multiple databases was performed to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up October 2022. primary outcome post-intervention loss, and secondary outcomes included changes indicators. Effect estimates were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. In total, nine RCTs with 899 participants included. Time-restricted eating the most adopted IF protocol this study (six out nine), followed by alternate-day fasting. intervention significantly reduced body weight, mass index, fat mass, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides when compared control groups. However, no statistically significant reductions waist circumference, total high-density glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure found. To sum up, can be strategy may improve adults, more long-term different strategies are required generate robust evidence its efficacy.

Language: Английский

---

The effectiveness of fasting regimens on serum levels of some major weight regulating hormones: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis in randomized controlled trial

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(1)

Published: April 2, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Obesity and malnutrition in children and adults: A clinical review

Obesity Pillars, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8, P. 100087 - 100087

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

In the U.S., children and adults are consuming more low-nutrient foods with added sugar excess fats as compared to healthy, high-quality calories micronutrients. This diet is increasing prevalence of malnutrition nutritional deficiencies, despite high calorie intake. a review common micronutrient risk factors for malnutrition, dietary plans, health consequences in obesity U.S.

Language: Английский

---