Bioequivalence & Bioavailability International Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
8(1), P. 1 - 9
Published: Feb. 15, 2024
Researchers
are
increasingly
investigating
marketing
assertions
related
to
natural
products
and
supplements.
In
the
modern
era,
study
of
bioavailability
has
gained
prominence
as
a
burgeoning
scientific
discipline.
This
comprehensive
review
explores
in
pharmaceutical
applications,
shedding
light
on
their
intrinsic
challenges
innovative
strategies
for
improvement.
The
assessment
encompasses
limitations
including
poor
aqueous
solubility,
low
permeability,
instability,
which
collectively
impede
effective
absorption
human
body
hinder
utilization
these
compounds,
underscores
critical
need
enhanced
unlock
full
therapeutic
potential.
Such
have
spurred
research
into
approaches
overcome
optimize
bioavailability.
response
challenges,
this
highlights
cutting-edge
strategies,
nanoparticle
formulations,
lipid-based
delivery
systems,
prodrug
design,
means
enhance
These
aim
improve
stability,
overall
absorption,
thereby
maximizing
efficacy
formulations.
Moreover,
emphasizes
importance
understanding
interplay
between
formulation
techniques
physicochemical
properties
products.
By
integrating
approaches,
researchers
can
tailor
solutions
specific
providing
roadmap
overcoming
advancing
integration
mainstream
practice.
Pharmaceuticals,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
18(1), P. 73 - 73
Published: Jan. 9, 2025
The
official
implementation
of
pharmaceutical-grade
cannabis
raw
materials
for
medicinal
use
has
permitted
doctors
to
prescribe
and
pharmacists
prepare
cannabis-based
formulations.
objective
the
pharmaceutical
development
manufacturing
process
optimization
work
was
propose
a
suppository
formulation
containing
doses
25
mg
50
tetra-hydrocannabinol
(∆-9-THC)
as
an
alternative
existing
inhalable
or
orally
administered
could
be
used
rectal
vaginal
administration,
thereby
providing
dosage
control
in
treatment
endometriosis
other
conditions
involving
pain.
In
this
study,
two
substrates
from
suppositories
with
standardized
Cannabis
extractum
normatum
(CEX)
were
used:
cocoa
butter
Witepsol®
H15.
long-term
stability
CEX
investigated
over
period
up
24
months.
concentrations
∆-9-THC,
cannabidiol
(CBD),
cannabinol
(CBN)
determined
using
HPLC
method.
Furthermore,
water
content
extract,
ethanol
residue,
microbiological
purity
determined.
properties
CEX-incorporated
suppositories,
namely
uniformity,
hardness,
softening
time,
total
deformation
disintegration
release
profile
CBD,
CBN,
evaluated
order
develop
optimal
preparation
procedures
pharmacists.
Following
24-month
study
on
CEX,
no
significant
alterations
component
observed
beyond
specified
requirements.
hardness
based
H15
found
longer
higher,
respectively,
than
those
formulated
butter.
vitro
studies
demonstrated
that
prepared
exhibited
superior
∆-9-THC
compared
We
suggest
making
prescription
drugs
pharmacy
setting
form
medical
marijuana
will
receive
better
drug
by
choosing
substrate.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(2), P. 236 - 236
Published: Feb. 12, 2025
Cannabinoids
are
widely
recognized
for
their
potential
therapeutic
effects,
making
them
significant
and
valuable
candidates
medical
research
applications
across
various
fields.
This
review
aims
to
analyze
the
pharmacokinetics
of
Cannabidiol
(CBD),
Cannabigerol
(CBG),
Cannabichromene
(CBC),
along
with
corresponding
acidic
forms,
Cannabidiolic
acid
(CBDA),
Cannabigerolic
(CBGA),
Cannabichromenic
(CBCA).
Among
these
cannabinoids,
CBD
is
most
extensively
studied.
Nevertheless,
involving
all
mentioned
cannabinoids
has
shown
that
pharmacokinetic
parameters
highly
variable,
depending
significantly
on
factors
such
as
dose,
formulation,
route
administration,
diet.
Furthermore,
challenges
brain
penetration
first-pass
metabolism
have
been
highlighted.
In
conclusion,
this
demonstrates
progress
in
understanding
non-psychotropic
cannabinoids.
However,
it
also
underscores
need
further
research,
particularly
CBG,
CBC,
respective
gap
being
clinical
investigations.
Expanding
studies
essential
facilitate
optimized
use
treatments.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 340 - 340
Published: March 6, 2025
Background/Objectives:
This
study
aims
to
develop
a
solid
self-nanoemulsifying
drug
delivery
system
(SNEDDS)
enhance
the
solubility
and
oral
bioavailability
of
cannabidiol
(CBD).
Methods:
According
CBD
pseudo-ternary
phase
diagrams
different
ingredients,
an
oil
(medium-chain
triglyceride,
MCT),
mixed
surfactants
(Labrasol,
Tween
80),
co-surfactant
(Transcutol)
were
selected
for
SNEDDS.
CBD-loaded
SNEDDS
formulations
prepared
characterized.
The
optimal
was
converted
into
powders
via
carrier
adsorption
spray
drying
techniques.
Various
evaluations
including
flowability,
release,
self-emulsifying
capacity,
X-ray
diffraction
(XRD),
differential
scanning
calorimetry
(DSC),
Fourier
transform
infrared
spectroscopy
(FTIR),
morphology,
pharmacokinetic
characteristics
conducted.
Subsequently,
with
fillers,
disintegrants,
lubricants
added
capsules
accelerated
stability
testing.
Results:
investigations
showed
that
two
S-SNEDDS
improved
CBD’s
in
vitro
good
storage
stability.
data
Sprague
Dawley
rats
indicated
single
dose
L-SNEDDS
led
quicker
absorption
higher
Cmax
compared
oil-based
controls
(CBD-sesame
(similar
Epidiolex®)
CBD-MCT),
which
is
favorable
application
products.
Conclusions:
prospective
strategy
enhancing
CBD,
offers
flexibility
developing
more
formulations.
Moreover,
provides
new
concepts
methods
other
poorly
water-soluble
drugs.
Liver
disorders
like
hepatitis,
cirrhosis,
and
hepatocellular
carcinoma
present
a
significant
global
health
challenge,
with
high
morbidity
mortality
rates.
Key
factors
contributing
to
liver
include
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
apoptosis.
Due
their
multifaceted
action,
natural
compounds
are
promising
candidates
for
mitigating
liver-related
disorders.
Research
studies
revealed
the
antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory,
detoxifying
properties
of
curcumin,
glycyrrhizin,
silymarin
potential
detoxification
protection.
With
advancements
in
nanotechnology
drug
delivery,
have
improved
stability
targetability,
thereby
enhancing
bioavailability
therapeutic
efficiency.
Further,
recent
genomics
an
increased
understanding
genetic
influencing
hepatoprotective
effects
agents
made
way
personalized
medicine.
Moreover,
combinatorial
therapy
products,
synthetic
drugs,
or
other
has
outcomes.
Even
though
clinical
trials
confirmed
efficiency
as
agents,
several
challenges
remain
unanswered
translation
practice.
Therefore,
it
is
logical
integrate
further
advance
hepatoprotection.
This
review
gives
overview
substantial
progress
field
hepatoprotection,
specific
emphasis
on
integration
genomics.
provides
valuable
insights
future
research
innovations
developing
strategies
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
168, P. 115805 - 115805
Published: Oct. 31, 2023
Cannabidiol
(CBD),
a
cannabinoid
that
does
not
create
psychoactive
activities,
has
been
identified
as
having
multitude
of
therapeutic
benefits.
This
study
delves
into
the
chemical
properties,
pharmacokinetics,
safety
and
toxicity,
pharmacological
effects,
most
importantly,
association
between
potential
CBD
nuclear
factor
erythroid
2-related
2
(Nrf2)
signaling
pathway.
The
relationship
Nrf2
is
closely
linked
to
certain
proteins
are
associated
with
cardiovascular
dysfunctions,
cancers,
neurodegenerative
conditions.
Specifically,
connected
initiation
progression
diverse
health
issues,
including
nephrotoxicity,
bladder-related
diseases,
oral
mucositis,
obesity,
myocardial
injury
angiogenesis,
skin-related
inflammations,
psychotic
disorders,
neuropathic
pain,
Huntington's
disease,
Alzheimer's
Parkinson's
neuroinflammation,
Amyotrophic
Lateral
Sclerosis,
Multiple
Sclerosis.
zone
great
interest
in
medical
field,
it
significantly
impact
treatment
prevention
wide-ranging
Additional
investigation
necessary
entirely
apprehend
mechanisms
underlying
this
crucial
interplay
develop
effective
interventions.
ACS Omega,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(39), P. 40632 - 40643
Published: Sept. 19, 2024
Cannabidiol
(CBD)
has
demonstrated
its
potential
to
enhance
depression
treatment
through
various
biological
pathways.
However,
the
application
of
CBD
is
significantly
impeded
by
polymorphic
nature,
limited
water
solubility,
and
hepatic
first-pass
metabolism.
To
improve
chemical
stability
nanostructured
lipid
carriers
loaded
with
(CBD-NLCs)
were
developed
using
a
hot-melt
emulsification
method
optimized
response
surface
methodology
(RSM).
The
process
parameters
four-factor
three-level
Box-Behnken
experimental
design
consisting
29
experiments.
CBD-NLCs
formulated
characterized,
demonstrating
desirable
properties,
including
mean
particle
size
54.33
nm,
PDI
value
0.118,
zeta
-29.7
mV,
an
impressive
encapsulation
efficiency
rate
87.58%.
nanoparticles
found
possess
approximately
spherical
shape,
as
revealed
scanning
transmission
electron
microscopy.
studies
have
that
effectively
mitigated
photodegradation
exhibited
stable
behavior
for
42
days
when
stored.
displayed
biphasic
release
profile
characterized
initial
burst
(over
50%
released
within
20
min)
followed
subsequent
gradual
sustained
release,
aligned
first-order
kinetics
Fickian
diffusion.
These
findings
demonstrate
suitability
this
formulation
carrier
in
food
fortification
pharmaceutical
applications.
Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
6(1), P. 77 - 88
Published: Aug. 16, 2023
Self-dosing
of
off-the-shelf
cannabidiol
(CBD)
for
a
myriad
health
conditions
is
common
in
the
USA.
These
CBD
products
are
often
mislabeled,
suggesting
that
much
less
or
more
being
consumed
than
indicated
on
label.
This
study
examined
relationship
between
long-term
self-dosing
and
(a)
indications
and,
when
verified
concentration
consumed,
(b)
daily
dosage,
(c)
impact
general
symptoms,
(d)
over-the-counter
(OTC)
prescription
(Rx)
drug
usage.US
adults
18-75
years
age
who
had
used
unverified
>1
month
were
recruited
to
participate
this
decentralized,
observational,
IRB-approved
provided
concentration-verified
product
their
choice
from
15
different
vendors
4
weeks.
Prior
receiving
product,
they
queried
primary
reason
use
(PRfU),
symptom
(PSfU),
score
(GHS),
(SS),
OTC
Rx
use,
dose.
Individuals
dose
weekly
SS
GHS
prior
(pre-CBD)
after
(post-CBD)
ingestion
day.The
PRfU
included
chronic
pain,
mental
health,
wellness,
sleep
disorders,
central
nervous
system,
digestive
others,
while
PSfU
anxiety,
back
and/or
joint
sleep,
inflammation,
others.
The
mean
was
normally
distributed,
with
mean,
median,
range
53.1,
40.8,
8-390
mg/day,
respectively.
For
both
SS,
post-CBD
significantly
higher
pre-CBD
each
category
PRfU.
scores
did
not
change
over
study,
but
pre-
improved
time,
pre-improving
SS.
percentage
individuals
decreasing
completely
stopping
drugs
weeks
31.2%
19.2%,
respectively,
those
taking
most.
usage
decreased
changed
improved.Pain,
(primarily
anxiety/stress),
most
reasons
use.
Self-administration
reduced
at
doses
reported
controlled
studies.
self-administration
improves
self-perception
decreases
severity,
as
these
improve,
fewer
used.
