Social Safety Theory: Conceptual foundation, underlying mechanisms, and future directions

Health Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 5 - 59

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Classic theories of stress and health are largely based on assumptions regarding how different psychosocial stressors influence biological processes that, in turn, affect human behavior. Although theoretically rich, this work has yielded little consensus led to numerous conceptual, measurement, reproducibility issues. Social Safety Theory aims address these issues by using the primary goal regulatory logic brain immune system as basis for specifying social-environmental situations which systems should respond most strongly maximize reproductive success survival. This analysis gave rise integrated, multi-level formulation described herein, transforms thinking about biology provides a biologically based, evolutionary account why experiences social safety threat related health, well-being, aging, longevity. In doing so, theory advances testable framework investigating biopsychosocial roots disparities well health-relevant crystalize over time perceptions environment interact with childhood microbial environment, birth cohort, culture, air pollution, genetics, sleep, diet, personality, self-harm health. The also highlights several interventions reducing promoting resilience.

Language: Английский

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Habituation of the biological response to repeated psychosocial stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105996 - 105996

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Recurrent psychosocial stress poses a significant health challenge, prompting research into mechanisms of successful adaptation. Physiological habituation, defined as decreased reactivity to repeated stressors, is pivotal in protecting the organism from allostatic load. Here, we systematically review and meta-analyze data studies investigating capacity central systems habituate when repeatedly exposed standardized stressor, Trier Social Stress Test (k=47). For comprehensive overview biological systems, examine multiple markers hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, autonomic nervous system (ANS), immune system. Our findings indicate that habituation patterns vary substantially between different systems. While most provide robust evidence for rapid substantial HPA-axis ANS marker responses are less uniform. We further integrate existing knowledge on personal environmental influences contributing individual differences capacity. Additionally, discuss implications outcomes design longitudinal highlight potential avenues future research.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 hardship and mental health in Chilean parents: the role of disaster exposure and family resilience

European journal of psychotraumatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 4, 2025

Background: The negative mental health effects of the pandemic on families are well documented, while factors that buffer or increase such still need further investigation. Previous exposure to adversity might impact experiences. On other hand, family resilience may protect against these effects, and also be regarded as a mediator explaining association between hardship health.

Language: Английский

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Predictable and Unpredictable Threat Immune Enhancement

Stress and Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 41(2)

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Acute social stress has been associated with increased immune system activation. However, less is known about whether non‐social acute stressors also impact the response. In addition, most studies examine that contain multiple characteristics (e.g., social, unpredictable) could contribute to an response, but few have attempted disentangle these factors. Finally, examined simultaneous changes in affect are The present study used a between‐subjects design activation, via salivary cytokines interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, IL‐1β, and tumour necrosis factor‐α, response predictable unpredictable electric shock. A multimodal assessment of defencive motivation (startle reflex), attention (event‐related potential probe N100, P300), self‐reported were evaluated confirm effectiveness threat manipulation. As expected, results indicated manipulation enhanced motivation, attention, affect. Across all participants, both IL‐8 decreased IL‐6. Greater negative greater increases overall suggests enhances particularly those who experience

Language: Английский

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Explaining post-traumatic stress symptoms and sleep disturbance in Ukrainian civilians: perceived threat versus objective war exposure

European journal of psychotraumatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Objective: This study investigated the impact of war exposure on post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and sleep disturbance across Ukraine. Subjective objective indicators were modelled as predictors these symptoms.

Language: Английский

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Wearable EEG-Based Brain–Computer Interface for Stress Monitoring

NeuroSci, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 407 - 428

Published: Oct. 8, 2024

Detecting stress is important for improving human health and potential, because moderate levels of may motivate people towards better performance at cognitive tasks, while chronic exposure causes impaired risks. We propose a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system to detect in the context high-pressure work environments. The BCI includes an electroencephalogram (EEG) headband with dry electrodes electrocardiogram (ECG) chest belt. collected EEG ECG data from 40 participants during two stressful tasks: Cognitive Vigilance Task (CVT), Multi-Modal Integration (MMIT) we designed. also recorded self-reported using Dundee Stress State Questionnaire (DSSQ). DSSQ results indicated that performing MMIT led significant increases stress, CVT did not. Subsequently, trained different models classify non-stress states, one features, other heart rate variability (HRV) features extracted ECG. Our EEG-based model achieved overall accuracy 81.0% 77.2% CVT. However, our HRV-based only 62.1% 56.0% MMIT. conclude effective predictor tasks. proposed shows promise evaluating mental environments, particularly when utilizing BCI.

Language: Английский

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A Multi-Cohort Examination of the Independent Contributions of Maternal Childhood Adversity and Pregnancy Stressors to the Prediction of Children’s Anxiety and Depression

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 51(4), P. 497 - 512

Published: Dec. 3, 2022

Abstract Women’s social experiences can have long-term implications for their offspring’s health, but little is known about the potential independent contributions of multiple periods stress exposures over time. This study examined associations maternal exposure to adversity in childhood and pregnancy with children’s anxiety depression symptoms a large, sociodemographically diverse sample. Participants were 1389 mother-child dyads (child age M = 8.83 years; SD 0.66; 42% Black, White; 6% Hispanic) ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium’s three U.S. cohorts. Women reported traumatic events (CTE) stressful life (PSLE). Children self-reported on at 8–9 years. Regression analyses estimated between stressors internalizing problems, adjusting confounders, child sex as modifier. Exploratory interaction whether geospatially-linked postnatal neighborhood quality buffered effects. In adjusted models, PSLE counts positively predicted levels ([ß Anxiety =0.08, 95%CI [0.02, 0.13]; ß Depression =0.09, [0.03, 0.14]); no significant observed CTE. Each additional increased odds clinically by 9% (95%CI 0.17]). Neither nor moderated relations. Maternal during appear middle across sociodemographic contexts, whereas history may not. Effects comparable boys girls. Policies programs addressing prevention benefit from considering prenatal origins two-generation impact intervention.

Language: Английский

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Cumulative risk assessment for combinations of environmental and psychosocial stressors: A systematic review

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 602 - 615

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Abstract With the growing awareness of stressors, cumulative risk assessment (CRA) has been proposed as a potential method to evaluate possible additive and synergistic effects multiple stressors on human health, thus informing environmental regulation protecting public health. However, CRA is still in its exploratory stage due lack generally accepted quantitative approaches. It an ideal time summarize existing progress guide future research. To this end, systematic review literature issues dealing with combinations psychosocial was conducted study. Using typology bibliometric analysis, body knowledge, hot topics, research gaps field were characterized. found that topics objectives mainly focus qualitative analysis community settings; more attention should be paid development approaches inclusion occupational settings. Further, roles air pollution vulnerability factors have attracted most attention. This study concludes views prospects promote theoretical practical field; specifically, multifaceted topic requires substantial collaborations various stakeholders knowledge from multidisciplinary fields. presents overall well directions worth investigating field, which provides historical reference for Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:602–615. © 2023 SETAC

Language: Английский

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Associations between affective temperament, perceived stress, and helping among Ukrainians and Poles in the context of the war in Ukraine

Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 944 - 966

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Abstract The Russian aggression of Ukraine has put millions civilians under immense stress and forced many them to leave their homes for safety help. Poland became one the leading destinations waves Ukrainians fleeing this war. level perceived in people who experienced war depends on various factors, including individual psychological variables. main aim study was analyze levels predictive role affective temperaments, as defined by Akiskal, Poles during first year Russo‐Ukrainian Secondly, we studied relationship between temperament, stress, commitment help Ukrainian refugees. Self‐report data from 410 146 were collected. results shed light war‐affected populations temperaments predicting its levels. We also demonstrated links involvement helping Understanding mental status affected predictors is crucial providing appropriate support assistance those need.

Language: Английский

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Stress exposure, perceived stress severity, and their effects on health

Sociology Theory Methods Marketing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 187 - 197

Published: Feb. 24, 2024

While stress is one of the central concepts in many contemporary theories health, there no universal definition or stressors. Stress usually understood as a subjective experience tension, pressure, distress, fear negative emotions that occurs result perceived threat to one’s mental physical well-being and accompanied by an evolved biological response facilitates adaptive reaction. conceptualized taxing condition, it not uniformly harmful per se. In fact, often cited Moreover, every incident exposure results disease has undermining effect on health. Mere does warrant healthy organism’s falling ill. Yet been shown affect health both directly indirectly, having impact multiple chronic conditions. Stressors vary their severity ability leave mark therefore important develop reliable methods measuring better understand how affects instigates pathology. One difficulties effects connected distinction between external stressors internal appraisal. More recently, researchers began make (i.e., facing objectively measurable stressor) resulting from individual’s stressor). The latter have superior predictive terms outcomes (both breadth depth observed effects) compared former. Measurement-wise, also tends yield more precise results, which makes preferable stress-assessment tool. present article literature review study delves into this attempts shed light onto its implications for

Language: Английский

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