Exploration,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(4)
Published: Jan. 17, 2024
Abstract
The
advancement
of
economical
and
readily
available
electrocatalysts
for
the
oxygen
reduction
reaction
(ORR)
holds
paramount
importance
in
fuel
cells
metal‐air
batteries.
Recently,
2D
non‐metallic
materials
have
obtained
substantial
attention
as
viable
alternatives
ORR
catalysts
due
to
their
manifold
advantages,
encompassing
low
cost,
ample
availability,
surface‐to‐volume
ratio,
high
conductivity,
exceptional
durability,
competitive
activity.
augmented
performances
observed
metal‐free
typically
arise
from
heteroatom
doping,
defects,
or
formation
heterostructures.
Here,
authors
delve
into
realm
ORR,
pivoting
around
materials.
Initially,
merits
are
explored
mechanism
is
dissected.
Subsequently,
a
comprehensive
survey
diverse
presented,
tracing
evolutionary
journey
fundamental
concepts
pragmatic
applications
context
ORR.
Substantial
given
on
exploration
various
strategies
enhancing
assessing
impact
inherent
material
performance,
including
electronic
properties.
Finally,
challenges
future
prospects
that
lie
ahead
underscored,
they
aspire
serve
efficient
electrocatalysts.
Carbon Energy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
6(6)
Published: Feb. 23, 2024
Abstract
Electrocatalytic
water
splitting
seems
to
be
an
efficient
strategy
deal
with
increasingly
serious
environmental
problems
and
energy
crises
but
still
suffers
from
the
lack
of
stable
electrocatalysts.
Designing
practical
electrocatalysts
by
introducing
defect
engineering,
such
as
hybrid
structure,
surface
vacancies,
functional
modification,
structural
distortions,
is
proven
a
dependable
solution
for
fabricating
high
catalytic
activities,
robust
stability,
good
practicability.
This
review
overview
some
relevant
reports
about
effects
engineering
on
electrocatalytic
performance
In
detail,
types
defects,
preparation
characterization
methods,
performances
are
presented,
emphasizing
introduced
defects
electronic
structures
optimization
intermediates'
adsorption
throughout
review.
Finally,
existing
challenges
personal
perspectives
possible
strategies
enhancing
proposed.
An
in‐depth
understanding
will
light
way
design
high‐efficiency
other
applications.
eScience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(6), P. 100272 - 100272
Published: April 26, 2024
Strong
metal−support
interaction
(SMSI),
namely
the
strong
electronic
and
structural
between
metal
nanoparticles
supports,
one
of
most
typical
synergetic
catalytic
effects
in
composite
catalysts,
has
been
found
critically
important
design
catalyst
for
thermocatalysis
past.
Recently,
however,
great
progress
SMSI-based
made
electrocatalysis,
such
as
electrocatalyst
electrocatalytic
mechanism
investigations.
To
better
understand
nature
effect
assisting
further
development
electrocatalysts,
a
comprehensive
in-depth
overview
highlighting
discussing
recent
advances
SMSI
electrocatalysis
is
necessary
highly
desirable
but
still
absent.
Herein,
this
review
firstly
presents
various
strategies
designing
constructing
catalysts
featuring
SMSI.
Further
from
perspectives
characterization
techniques
towards
electron
structure,
local
interfacial
morphological
features
active
sites
have
summarized
detail.
Importantly,
single-
bi-functional
electrocatalysts
effects,
key
roles
during
reactions
are
emphasized.
Finally,
challenges
prospects
discussed
out-looked
to
highlight
remaining
issues
future
electrocatalysts.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
This
review
investigates
atomic
site
catalysts
(ASCs)
for
electrochemical
hydrogen
evolution
reaction
(HER),
discussing
their
properties,
types,
performance,
significance,
activity,
selectivity,
stability,
challenges,
and
future
research
directions.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10(4)
Published: Nov. 23, 2022
Oxygen
reduction
reaction
(ORR)
and
oxygen
evolution
(OER)
are
the
core
reactions
of
a
series
advanced
modern
energy
conversion
technologies,
such
as
fuel
cells
metal-air
cells.
Among
all
kinds
electrocatalysts
that
have
been
reported,
single-atom
catalysts
(SACs)
offer
great
development
potential
because
their
nearly
100%
atomic
utilization,
unsaturated
coordination
environment,
tunable
electronic
structure.
In
recent
years,
numerous
SACs
with
enriched
active
centers
asymmetric
successfully
constructed
by
regulating
environment
structure,
which
has
brought
to
new
level.
This
paper
reviews
improvement
atom-level
interface
engineering.
It
starts
introduction
techniques
for
characterizations
SACs.
Subsequently,
different
design
strategies
applied
adjust
metal
center
first
sphere
then
enhance
electrocatalysis
performance
systematically
illustrated.
Finally,
future
toward
ORR
OER
is
discussed
prospected.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 2211398 - 2211398
Published: Jan. 24, 2023
Metal-
and
nitrogen-doped
nanocarbons
(M-N-Cs)
are
promising
alternatives
to
precious
metals
for
catalyzing
electrochemical
energy
conversion
processes.
However,
M-N-Cs
synthesized
by
high-temperature
pyrolysis
frequently
suffer
from
compositional
heterogeneity
with
the
simultaneous
presence
of
atomically
dispersed
M-Nx
sites
crystalline
metal
nanoparticles
(NPs),
which
hinders
identification
active
rational
optimization
in
performance.
Herein,
a
universal
efficient
strategy
is
reported
obtain
both
precious-
nonprecious-metal-based
(M
=
Pt,
Fe,
Co,
Ni,
Mn,
Cu,
Zn)
exclusive
atomic
dispersion
making
use
ammonium
iodide
as
etchant
remove
excessive
aggregates
at
high
temperature.
Taking
Pt-N-C
proof-of-concept
demonstration,
complete
removal
Pt
NPs
enables
clarification
on
contributions
Pt-Nx
moieties
catalytic
activity
toward
hydrogen
evolution
reaction.
Combined
measurements
theoretical
calculations
identify
that
themselves
possess
negligible
activity,
but
they
can
significantly
boost
via
synergistic
effect.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
62(43)
Published: Sept. 5, 2023
Full
understanding
to
the
origin
of
catalytic
performance
a
supported
nanocatalyst
from
points
view
both
active
component
and
support
is
significant
for
achievement
high
performance.
Herein,
based
on
model
electrocatalyst
single-iridium-atom-doped
iron
(Fe)-based
layered
double
hydroxides
(LDH)
oxygen
evolution
reaction
(OER),
we
reveal
first
completed
such
nanocatalysts.
Specially,
besides
activity
enhancement
Ir
sites
by
LDH
support,
stability
surface
Fe
enhanced
doped
sites:
DFT
calculation
shows
that
can
reduce
enhance
nearby
sites;
while
further
finite
element
simulations
indicate,
distant
could
be
attributed
much
low
concentration
OER
reactant
(hydroxyl
ions,
OH-
)
around
them
induced
fast
consumption
highly
sites.
These
new
findings
about
interaction
between
main
components
supports
are
applicable
in
principle
other
heterogeneous
nanocatalysts
provide
Small,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
19(15)
Published: Jan. 11, 2023
Single-atom
alloys
(SAAs)
display
excellent
electrocatalytic
performance
by
overcoming
the
scaling
relationships
in
alloys.
However,
due
to
lack
of
a
unique
structure
engineering
design,
it
is
difficult
obtain
SAAs
with
high
specific
surface
area
expose
more
active
sites.
Herein,
single
Co
atoms
are
immobilized
on
Pd
metallene
(Pdm)
support
Co/Pdm
through
design
engineered
morphology
Pd,
realizing
preparation
ultra-thin
2D
SAA.
The
unsaturated
coordination
environments
combined
geometric
and
electronic
structures
realize
modulation
d-band
center
redistribution
charges,
generating
highly
states
Co/Pdm.
Benefiting
from
synergistic
interaction
spillover
effect,
electrocatalyst
exhibits
outstanding
hydrogen
evolution
reaction
(HER)
both
acid
alkaline
solutions,
especially
Tafel
slope
8.2
mV
dec-1
low
overpotential
24.7
at
10
mA
cm-2
acidic
medium,
which
outperforms
commercial
Pt/C
Pd/C.
This
work
highlights
successful
SAA,
provides
new
strategy
for
HER
efficiency,
activity,
stability.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
34(10)
Published: Nov. 30, 2023
Abstract
Challenges
in
rational
designing
dual‐atom
catalysts
(DACs)
give
a
strong
motivation
to
construct
coordination‐activity
correlations.
Here,
thorough
correlations
of
DACs
based
on
how
the
changes
coordination
shells
(CSs)
Cu,Co
centers
influence
their
electrocatalytic
activity
oxygen
reduction
reaction(ORR),
evolution
reaction
(OER),
and
hydrogen
(HER)
is
constructed.
First,
with
different
CSs
modifications
are
fabricated
by
using
controlled
“precursors‐preselection”
approach.
Three
unique
environments
characterized
as
secondary
S
atoms
that
directly
bond
Cu,Co‐N
6
lower
CSs,
indirectly
neighboring
doped
higher
respectively.
Then,
experimentally
theoretically,
correlation
resembling
planet‐satellite
system,
where
satellite
coordinated
(heteroatom
N,
S)
surround
Cu‐Co
entity
various
orbitals
CSs.
By
evaluating
indicators,
differences
identified
electronic
structure
performance
Cu
Co
ORR,
OER,
HER.
Interestingly,
initial
for
may
not
always
be
advantageous
electrocatalysis.
This
work
offers
valuable
insight
diverse
applications.