Small,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 21, 2024
Abstract
The
development
of
an
excellent
multifunctional
electrocatalyst
that
is
based
on
non‐precious
metal
critical
for
improving
the
electrochemical
processes
hydrogen
evolution
reaction
(HER),
oxygen
(OER),
and
urea
oxidation
(UOR)
in
alkaline
media.
This
study
demonstrates
incorporating
Mo
into
Co
3
O
4
facilitated
formation
rich
vacancies
(Vo),
which
promotes
effective
nitrate
adsorption
activation
electrolysis.
Subsequently,
situ/operando
X‐ray
absorption
spectroscopy
used
to
explore
active
sites
Mo‐Co
‐3
under
OER,
indicating
are
first
filled
with
OH
•
;
pre‐oxidation
low‐valence
Co,
promoted
reconstruction/deprotonation
intermediate
Co‐OOH
.
electrocatalysts
show
impressive
HER,
UOR
low
overpotentials
141
mV,
220
1.32
V,
respectively,
at
10
mA
cm
−2
medium.
Furthermore,
situ/Operando
Raman
results
reveal
importance
CoOOH
enhanced
performance
compared
pure
electrolyzer
acts
as
anode
cathode
delivers
1.42
V
A
viable
approach
creating
involves
synergistic
engineering
exploiting
doping
vacancies.
Advanced Energy Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 10, 2025
Abstract
Urea
electrolysis
presents
an
eco‐friendly,
cost‐effective
method
for
hydrogen
(H
2
)
production
and
pollution
control.
However,
its
efficiency
is
limited
by
a
slow
6‐electron
transfer
process,
necessitating
advanced
electrocatalysts
to
accelerate
the
urea
oxidation
reaction
(UOR)
moderate
overpotential,
thereby
cutting
energy
losses.
Developing
efficient,
affordable
vital
practical
(UE)
improving
UOR
kinetics.
Optimizing
requires
creating
highly
active
sites,
enhancing
electrical
conductivity,
manipulating
electronic
structures
improved
electron
intermediate
binding
affinities.
This
review
explores
recent
advances
in
catalyst
design,
focusing
on
transition
metal‐based
catalysts,
including
nanostructures,
phases,
defects,
heterostructures,
alloys,
composites.
It
underscores
importance
of
understanding
structure‐performance
relationships,
surface
reconstruction
phenomena,
mechanisms
through
situ
characterization.
Additionally,
it
critically
assesses
challenges
catalysis
provides
insights
developing
high‐performance
electrocatalysts.
The
finishes
with
perspectives
future
research
directions
green
generation
via
electrolysis.
Small,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 24, 2024
Abstract
The
creation
of
highly
efficient
and
economical
electrocatalysts
is
essential
to
the
massive
electrolysis
water
produce
clean
energy.
ability
use
urea
reaction
oxidation
(UOR)
in
place
oxygen/hydrogen
evolution
process
(OER/HER)
during
splitting
a
significant
step
toward
production
high‐purity
hydrogen
with
less
energy
usage.
Empirical
evidence
suggests
that
UOR
consists
two
stages.
First,
metal
sites
undergo
an
electrochemical
pre‐oxidation
reaction,
then
molecules
on
high‐valence
are
chemically
oxidized.
Here,
scandium‐doped
CoTe
supported
carbon
nanotubes
called
Sc@CoTe/CNT
reported
CoTe/CNT
as
composite
efficiently
promote
generation
from
durable
active
for
OER/UOR/HER
alkali
solutions.
Electrochemical
impedance
spectroscopy
indicates
facilitates
charge
transfer
across
interface.
Furthermore,
nanocatalyst
has
high
performance
KOH
KOH‐containing
solutions
demonstrated
by
HER,
OER,
(215
mV,
1.59,
1.31
V,
respectively,
at
10
mA
cm
−2
1
m
KOH)
shows
195
1.61
1.3
respectively.
Consequently,
total
system
achieves
1.29
whereas
overall
device
obtaines
1.49
V
1.54,
1.48
This
work
presents
viable
method
combining
HER
maximally
effective
production.
