ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(2), P. 2591 - 2614
Published: Dec. 26, 2024
Neural
stem
cell
(NSCs)
transplantation
is
a
promising
therapeutic
strategy
for
spinal
cord
injury
(SCI),
but
its
efficacy
greatly
limited
by
the
local
inhibitory
microenvironment.
In
this
study,
based
on
l-arginine
(l-Arg)-loaded
mesoporous
hollow
cerium
oxide
(AhCeO2)
nanospheres,
we
constructed
an
injectable
composite
hydrogel
(AhCeO2-Gel)
with
microenvironment
modulation
capability.
AhCeO2-Gel
protected
NSCs
from
oxidative
damage
eliminating
excess
reactive
oxygen
species
while
continuously
delivering
Nitric
Oxide
to
lesion
of
SCI
in
pathological
microenvironment,
latter
which
effectively
promoted
neural
differentiation
NSCs.
The
process
was
confirmed
be
closely
related
up-regulation
cAMP-PKA
pathway
after
NO-induced
calcium
ion
influx.
addition,
significantly
polarization
microglia
toward
M2
subtype
as
well
enhanced
regeneration
nerves
and
myelinated
axons.
prepared
bioactive
system
also
efficiently
facilitated
integration
transplanted
host
circuits,
replenished
damaged
neurons,
alleviated
neuroinflammation,
inhibited
glial
scar
formation,
thus
accelerating
recovery
motor
function
rats.
Therefore,
synergized
has
great
potential
integrated
treat
comprehensively
reversing
Giant,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19, P. 100323 - 100323
Published: July 10, 2024
Inspired
by
the
extracellular
matrix
(ECM),
biomaterials
have
emerged
as
promising
strategies
in
biomedical
research
and
engineering
domain,
offering
unique
characteristics
for
tissue
regeneration,
drug
delivery,
therapeutic
interventions,
cellular
investigations.
The
ECM,
a
dynamic
network
structure
secreted
various
cells,
primarily
comprises
diverse
proteins
capable
of
facilitating
tissue-ECM
signaling
regulatory
functions
through
its
rich
array
bioactive
substances
multi-level
structural
properties.
Drawing
inspiration
from
intricate
biochemical
composition
natural
researchers
developed
to
encapsulate
these
features
create
biomimetic
microenvironments,
such
electrospinning,
hydrogels/hydrogel
microspheres,
decellularized
ECM(dECM),
ECM-mimicking
peptides.
Furthermore,
mimicking
ECM
components,
ECM-inspired
exhibit
varying
degrees
functionalization,
including
providing
support,
cell
adhesion,
signal
transduction,
mitigating
immune
responses,
remodeling.
In
summary,
advancements
offer
significant
promise
addressing
key
challenges
fields
engineering,
regenerative
medicine,
delivery.
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
represents
a
complex
pathology
within
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
leading
to
severe
sensory
and
motor
impairments.
It
activates
various
signaling
pathways,
notably
mitogen-activated
protein
kinase
(MAPK)
pathway.
Present
treatment
approaches
primarily
focus
on
symptomatic
relief,
lacking
efficacy
in
addressing
underlying
pathophysiological
mechanisms.
Emerging
research
underscores
significance
of
MAPK
pathway
neuronal
differentiation,
growth,
survival,
axonal
regeneration,
inflammatory
responses
post-SCI.
Modulating
this
post-injury
has
shown
promise
attenuating
inflammation,
minimizing
apoptosis,
alleviating
neuropathic
pain,
fostering
neural
regeneration.
Given
its
pivotal
role,
emerges
as
potential
therapeutic
target
SCI
management.
This
review
synthesizes
current
knowledge
pathology,
delineates
pathway's
characteristics,
explores
dual
roles
interventions.
Furthermore,
it
addresses
existing
challenges
context
SCI,
proposing
solutions
overcome
these
hurdles.
Our
aim
is
offer
comprehensive
reference
for
future
laying
groundwork
targeted
strategies.
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18(20), P. 13333 - 13345
Published: May 8, 2024
A
persistent
inflammatory
response,
intrinsic
limitations
in
axonal
regenerative
capacity,
and
widespread
presence
of
extrinsic
inhibitors
impede
the
restoration
motor
function
after
a
spinal
cord
injury
(SCI).
versatile
treatment
platform
is
urgently
needed
to
address
diverse
clinical
manifestations
SCI.
Herein,
we
present
multifunctional
nanoplatform
with
anisotropic
bimodal
mesopores
for
effective
neural
circuit
reconstruction
The
hierarchical
features
Janus
structure
consist
dual
compartments
hydrophilic
mesoporous
silica
(mSiO2)
hydrophobic
periodic
organosilica
(PMO),
each
possessing
distinct
pore
sizes
12
3
nm,
respectively.
Unlike
traditional
nanomaterials
dual-mesopores
interlaced
other,
two
sets
this
are
spatially
independent
possess
completely
chemical
properties.
facilitate
controllable
codelivery
drugs
properties:
macromolecular
enoxaparin
(ENO)
small
molecular
paclitaxel
(PTX).
Anchoring
CeO2,
resulting
mSiO2&PMO-CeO2–PTX&ENO
nanoformulation
not
only
effectively
alleviates
ROS-induced
neuronal
apoptosis
but
also
enhances
microtubule
stability
promote
regeneration
facilitates
extension
by
diminishing
inhibitory
effect
extracellular
chondroitin
sulfate
proteoglycans.
We
believe
that
functional
dual-mesoporous
holds
significant
potential
combination
therapy
treating
severe
multifaceted
diseases.
Neural Regeneration Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
20(12), P. 3476 - 3500
Published: Jan. 13, 2025
Enhancing
neurological
recovery
and
improving
the
prognosis
of
spinal
cord
injury
have
gained
research
attention
recently.
Spinal
is
associated
with
a
complex
molecular
cellular
microenvironment.
This
complexity
has
prompted
researchers
to
elucidate
underlying
pathophysiological
mechanisms
changes
identify
effective
treatment
strategies.
Traditional
approaches
for
repair
include
surgery,
oral
or
intravenous
medications,
administration
neurotrophic
factors;
however,
efficacy
these
remains
inconclusive,
serious
adverse
reactions
continue
be
concern.
With
advancements
in
tissue
engineering
regenerative
medicine,
emerging
strategies
now
involve
nanoparticle-based
nanodelivery
systems,
scaffolds,
functional
techniques
that
incorporate
biomaterials,
bioengineering,
stem
cell,
growth
factors
as
well
three-dimensional
bioprinting.
Ideal
biomaterial
scaffolds
should
not
only
provide
structural
support
neuron
migration,
adhesion,
proliferation,
differentiation
but
also
mimic
mechanical
properties
natural
tissue.
Additionally,
facilitate
axon
neurogenesis
by
offering
adjustable
topography
range
physical
biochemical
cues.
The
three-dimensionally
interconnected
porous
structure
appropriate
physicochemical
enabled
biomimetic
printing
technology
can
maximize
potential
biomaterials
used
treating
injury.
Therefore,
correct
selection
application
coupled
successful
clinical
translation,
represent
promising
objectives
enhance
review
elucidates
key
occurrence
regeneration
post-injury,
including
neuroinflammation,
oxidative
stress,
regeneration,
angiogenesis.
briefly
discusses
critical
role
systems
injured
cord,
highlighting
influence
nanoparticles
affect
delivery
efficiency.
Finally,
this
highlights
It
various
types
their
integrations
cells
factors,
optimization
scaffold
design.
Phytotherapy Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 2, 2025
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
is
a
serious
neurological
disease
with
an
extremely
high
disability
rate.
Most
patients
show
loss
of
motor
and
sensory
functions
below
the
level
injury.
Current
treatment
protocols
are
based
on
early
surgical
decompression
pharmacotherapy.
However,
efficacy
these
interventions
suboptimal.
Due
to
its
complex
pathophysiological
mechanisms
difficulty
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
regeneration,
exploring
effective
therapeutic
remains
daunting.
Flavonoids
secondary
metabolites
unique
plants
that
have
attracted
attention
in
recent
years
for
their
potential
now
commonly
used
inflammation,
tumors,
other
diseases.
For
SCI,
related
studies
still
exploring;
some
compounds,
such
as
quercetin,
fisetin,
hesperetin,
shown
good
anti-inflammatory
anti-apoptotic
properties,
which
help
restore
function
injured
spinal
cord.
flavonoids
exhibit
certain
disadvantages,
including
poor
solubility,
low
bioavailability,
inability
achieve
long-term
controlled
release.
Some
proposed
drug
delivery
strategies-including
nanoparticles,
hydrogels,
collagen
scaffolds-to
enhance
efficacy.
In
this
paper,
we
summarize
strategies
SCI
by
searching
relevant
literature
propose
future
research
directions
provide
new
ideas
multimodal
SCI.
