Animal models of Klebsiella pneumoniae mucosal infections

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 15, 2024

Klebsiella pneumoniae is among the most relevant pathogens worldwide, causing high morbidity and mortality, which worsened by increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. It a constituent host microbiota different mucosa, that can invade cause infections in many sites. The development new treatments prophylaxis against this pathogen rely on animal models to identify potential targets evaluate efficacy possible side effects therapeutic agents or vaccines. However, validity data generated highly dependable choosing adequately reproduce hallmarks human diseases. present review summarizes current knowledge used investigate K. infections, with focus mucosal advantages limitations each model are discussed compared; applications, extrapolations subjects future modifications improve techniques also presented. While mice widely species studies, they such as natural resistance difficulties reproducing main steps infections. Other models, Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), Caenorhabditis elegans, Galleria mellonella Danio rerio (zebrafish), contribute understanding specific aspects infection process, bacterial lethality colonization innate immune system response, however, but do not immunological complexity mammals. In conclusion, choice will depend mainly questions being addressed study, while better interplay between virulence factors responses provide deeper comprehension disease process aid effective preventive/therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Lipid Rafts: The Maestros of Normal Brain Development

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 362 - 362

Published: March 18, 2024

Lipid rafts, specialised microdomains within cell membranes, play a central role in orchestrating various aspects of neurodevelopment, ranging from neural differentiation to the formation functional neuronal networks. This review focuses on multifaceted involvement lipid rafts key neurodevelopmental processes, including differentiation, synaptogenesis and myelination. Through spatial organisation signalling components, facilitate precise events that determine fate during embryonic development adulthood. The evolutionary conservation underscores their fundamental importance for structural complexity nervous system all species. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence environmental factors can modulate composition function influence processes. Understanding intricate interplay between neurodevelopment not only sheds light mechanisms governing brain but also has implications therapeutic strategies aimed at cultivating networks addressing disorders.

Language: Английский

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Growing Role of 3D In Vitro Cell Cultures in the Study of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms: Short Focus on Breast Cancer, Endometriosis, Liver and Infectious Diseases

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1054 - 1054

Published: June 18, 2024

Over the past decade, development of three-dimensional (3D) models has increased exponentially, facilitating unravelling fundamental and essential cellular mechanisms by which cells communicate with each other, assemble into tissues organs respond to biochemical biophysical stimuli under both physiological pathological conditions. This section presents a concise overview most recent updates on significant contribution different types 3D cell cultures including spheroids, organoids organ-on-chip bio-printed in advancing our understanding molecular mechanisms. The case studies presented include breast cancer (BC), endometriosis, liver microenvironment infections. In BC, establishment culture permitted visualization role cancer-associated fibroblasts delivery exosomes, as well significance physical properties extracellular matrix promoting proliferation invasion. approach also become valuable tool gaining insight general specific drug resistance. Given considerable heterogeneity offer more accurate representation vivo microenvironment, thereby identification translation novel targeted therapeutic strategies. advantages provided hepatic environment, conjunction high throughput characterizing various platforms, have enabled elucidation complex underlying threatening diseases. A limited number for gut skin infections been developed. However, profound comprehension spatial temporal interactions between microbes, host their environment may facilitate advancement vitro, ex disease models. Additionally, it pave way approaches diverse research fields. interested reader will find concluding remarks challenges prospects using discovering areas covered this review.

Language: Английский

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An Insight on Microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip Models for PM_2.5-Induced Pulmonary Complications

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(12), P. 13534 - 13555

Published: March 7, 2024

Pulmonary diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, lung fibrosis, and cancer pose a significant burden to global human health. Many of these complications arise as result exposure particulate matter (PM), which has been examined in several preclinical clinical trials for its effect on respiratory diseases. Particulate size less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) known inflict unforeseen repercussions, although data from epidemiological studies back this are pending. Conventionally utilized two-dimensional (2D) cell culture animal models have provided insufficient benefits emulating the vivo physiological pathological conditions. Three-dimensional (3D) structural models, including organ-on-a-chip experienced developmental upsurge recent times. Lung-on-a-chip potential simulate specific features lungs. With advancement technology, an emerging advanced technique termed microfluidic developed with aim identifying complexity cellular microenvironment body. In present Review, role lung-on-a-chip modeling reproducing explored, emphasis PM2.5-induced complications.

Language: Английский

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Advancement in 3D Printable Materials for the Management of Cancer: A New Era of Materialistic Approach for the Treatment of Cancer

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 100, P. 106064 - 106064

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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Corneal Endothelial-like Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cell Therapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(15), P. 12433 - 12433

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Corneal endothelial dysfunction is one of the leading causes corneal blindness, and current conventional treatment option transplantation using a cadaveric donor cornea. However, there global shortage suitable graft material, necessitating exploration novel therapeutic approaches. A stem cell-based regenerative medicine approach induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) offers promising solution, as they possess self-renewal capabilities, can be derived from adult somatic cells, differentiated into all cell types including (CECs). This review discusses progress challenges in developing protocols to induce iPSCs CECs, focusing on different media formulations used differentiate neural crest (NCCs) subsequently well characterization methods markers that define iPSC-derived CECs. The hurdles solutions for clinical application therapy are also addressed, establishment adhere good manufacturing practice (GMP) guidelines. potential risks genetic mutations CECs associated with long-term vitro culture danger tumorigenicity following evaluated. In all, this provides insights advancement obstacles iPSC dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Biomaterial-Based Additive Manufactured Composite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review

Polymers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 1090 - 1090

Published: April 17, 2025

Additive manufacturing (AM), also referred to as three-dimensional printing/printed (3DP), has emerged a transformative approach in the current design and of various biomaterials for restoration damaged tissues inside body. This advancement greatly aided development customized biomedical devices including implants, prosthetics, orthotics that are specific patients. In tissue engineering (TE), AM enables fabrication complex structures promote desirable cellular responses regeneration tissues. Since choice plays vital role scaffold performance well responses, meticulous material selection is essential optimizing functionality scaffolds. These scaffolds often possess certain characteristics such biodegradability, biocompatibility, biomimicry, porous structure. To this end, polymers chitosan, collagen, alginate, hyaluronic acid, polyglycolic polylactic polycaprolactone have been extensively investigated tissue-engineered Furthermore, combinations utilized further enhance scaffolds’ functionality. review discusses principle explores recent advancements technologies TE regenerative medicine. addition, applications 3DP, polymer-based will be highlighted.

Language: Английский

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In vitro and ex vivo models of microbial keratitis: Present and future

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102, P. 101287 - 101287

Published: July 14, 2024

Microbial keratitis (MK) is an infection of the cornea, caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses. MK leads to significant morbidity, being fifth leading cause blindness worldwide. There urgent requirement better understand pathogenesis in order develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches improve patient outcomes. Many vitro, ex vivo models have been developed implemented meet this aim. Here, we present current vitro model systems, examining their varied design, outputs, reporting standards, strengths limitations. Major limitations include relative simplicity perceived inability study immune response these models, aspect widely accepted play a role pathogenesis. Consequently, there remains dependence on MK. However, looking future, draw from broader field corneal disease modelling, which utilises, for example, three-dimensional co-culture dynamic environments observed bioreactors organ-on-a-chip scenarios. These remain unexplored research, but incorporation will offer further advances particular with focus components anticipate recapitulate yield findings, therefore contributing enhancement

Language: Английский

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Revisiting the potential of natural antimicrobial peptides against emerging respiratory viral disease: a review

3 Biotech, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Language: Английский

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Tumoroids, a valid preclinical screening platform for monitoring cancer angiogenesis

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Aug. 26, 2024

In recent years, biologists and clinicians have witnessed prominent advances in vitro 3D culture techniques related to biomimetic human/animal tissue analogs. Numerous data confirmed that unicellular multicellular (tumoroids) tumor spheroids with dense native cells certain matrices are sensitive valid analytical tools for drug screening, cancer cell dynamic growth, behavior, etc. laboratory settings. Angiogenesis/vascularization is a very critical biological phenomenon support oxygen nutrients within the deep layer of solid masses. It has been shown endothelial (EC)-incorporated or -free spheroid/tumoroid systems provide relatively reliable platform monitoring formation nascent blood vessels micron/micrometer scales. Besides, paracrine angiogenic activity can be monitored after being treated different therapeutic approaches. Here, we aimed collect findings angiogenesis using spheroids. Vascularized spheroids/tumoroids help us elucidation mechanisms formation, development, metastasis by main influencing factors.

Language: Английский

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