Determining the magnitude and duration of acute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-induced driving and cognitive impairment: A systematic and meta-analytic review

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 126, P. 175 - 193

Published: Jan. 23, 2021

The increasing legal availability of cannabis has important implications for road safety. This systematic review characterised the acute effects Δ9-THC on driving performance and driving-related cognitive skills, with a particular focus duration Δ9-THC-induced impairment. Eighty publications 1534 outcomes were reviewed. Several measures skills (e.g. lateral control, tracking, divided attention) demonstrated impairment in meta-analyses "peak" (p's<0.05). Multiple meta-regression analyses further found that regular users experianced less than 'other' (mostly occasional) (p = 0.003) magnitude oral (n 243 effect estimates [EE]) inhaled 481 EEs) depended various factors (dose, post-treatment time interval, domain (skill) assessed) other latter model predicted most would 'recover' (Hedges' g=–0.25) within ∼5-hs (and almost all ∼7-hs) inhaling 20 mg Δ9-THC; may take longer to subside. These results suggest individuals should wait at least 5 -hs following use before performing safety-sensitive tasks.

Language: Английский

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Sex/Gender Differences in the Time-Course for the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Focus on the Telescoping Effect

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 75(2), P. 217 - 249

Published: Dec. 12, 2022

Sex/gender effects have been demonstrated for multiple aspects of addiction, with one the most commonly cited examples being "telescoping effect" where women meet criteria and/or seek treatment substance use disorder (SUD) after fewer years drug as compared men. This phenomenon has reported classes including opioids, psychostimulants, alcohol, and cannabis, well nonpharmacological addictions, such gambling. However, there are some inconsistent reports that show either no difference between men or opposite a faster course to addiction in than women. Thus, goals this review evaluate evidence against telescoping effect determine conditions/populations which is relevant. We also discuss from preclinical studies, strongly support validity female animals develop addiction-like features (e.g., compulsive use, an enhanced motivation drug, drug-craving/vulnerability relapse) more readily male animals. biologic factors may contribute effect, ovarian hormones, its neurobiological basis focusing on mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway corticomesolimbic glutamatergic considering critical roles these pathways play rewarding/reinforcing addictive drugs SUD. conclude future research directions, intervention strategies prevent development SUD

Significance Statement

One widely gender/sex differences effect," reflects accelerated versus seeking evaluates drawing upon data both clinical studies. contribution biological underlying mechanisms highlight potential targets

Language: Английский

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Sex differences and the endocannabinoid system in pain

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 202, P. 173107 - 173107

Published: Jan. 13, 2021

Language: Английский

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Sex and Gender Interactions on the Use and Impact of Recreational Cannabis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 509 - 509

Published: Jan. 14, 2020

Cannabis is the second most frequently used substance in world and regulated or legalized for recreational use Canada fourteen US states territories. As with all substances, a wide range of sex gender related factors have an influence on how substances are consumed, their physical, mental social impacts, men women respond to treatment, health promotion, policies. Given widespread cannabis, context its increasing regulation, it important better understand associated cannabis order make more precise clinical, programming, policy decisions. However, include variety processes, features influences that rarely fully considered research. This article explores myriad both as concepts, illustrates impact use, focuses interactions affect three main areas public interest: development dependence, various routes administration (ROA), impaired driving. We draw two separate scoping reviews examine available evidence regard these issues. These examples described illustrate need comprehensive integration research, well serious consideration results doing so, when addressing major issue such use.

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in the acute effects of oral and vaporized cannabis among healthy adults

Addiction Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(4)

Published: Sept. 28, 2020

Policy changes have increased access to cannabis for individuals with little or no prior exposure. Few studies examined sex differences in effects among sporadic use nonsmoked routes of administration. Data from four double-blind, placebo-controlled were pooled compare the acute pharmacodynamic vaporized and oral male (n = 27) female 23) participants who used infrequently (no ≥30 days randomization). Analyses compared peak change-from-baseline scores between subjective drug effects, cognitive/psychomotor performance, cardiovascular blood concentrations Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) its primary metabolites (11-OH-THC, THC-COOH) after exposure placebo containing low-dose (5 10 mg) high-dose THC (20 25 mg). Overall, elicited dose-orderly increases impairment heart rate, cannabinoid concentrations. Females exhibited greater 11-OH-THC reported ratings "drug effect" that remained when controlling body weight. When both weight concentrations, "anxious/nervous," "heart racing," "restless" significantly higher females than males. Although additional research is needed elucidate responses at a wider range doses, other administration, products diverse chemical composition, current data indicate public health messaging clinical decision making around cannabinoids should recommend lower starting doses warnings about anxiogenic reactions.

Language: Английский

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Does cannabidiol make cannabis safer? A randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial of cannabis with four different CBD:THC ratios

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 48(6), P. 869 - 876

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

As countries adopt more permissive cannabis policies, it is increasingly important to identify strategies that can reduce the harmful effects of use. This study aimed determine if increasing CBD content its effects. Forty-six healthy, infrequent users participated in a double-blind, within-subject, randomised trial preparations varying content. There was an initial baseline visit followed by four drug administration visits, which participants inhaled vaporised containing 10 mg THC and either 0 (0:1 CBD:THC), (1:1), 20 (2:1), or 30 (3:1) CBD, randomised, counter-balanced order. The primary outcome change delayed verbal recall on Hopkins Verbal Learning Task. Secondary outcomes included severity psychotic symptoms (e.g., Positive Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] positive subscale), plus further cognitive, subjective, pleasurable, pharmacological physiological Serial plasma concentrations were measured. (0:1) associated with impaired (t(45) = 3.399, d 0.50, p 0.001) induced PANSS -4.709, 0.69, 2.41 × 10-5). These not significantly modulated any dose CBD. Furthermore, there no evidence modulating other psychotic, measures. dose-response relationship between concentration, effect concentrations. At CBD:THC ratios most common medicinal recreational products, we found protects against acute adverse cannabis. should be considered health policy safety decisions about

Language: Английский

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An observational study of safety and clinical outcome measures across patient groups in the United Kingdom Medical Cannabis Registry

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 257 - 266

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Background There is a paucity of high-quality data on patient outcomes and safety after initiating treatment with cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs). The aim this study was to assess the clinical CBMPs by analyzing patient-reported outcome measures adverse events across broad spectrum chronic conditions.Research design methods This analyzed patients enrolled in UK Medical Cannabis Registry. Participants completed EQ-5D-5L health-related quality life, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire measure anxiety severity, Single-item Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) rate sleep at baseline follow-up 1, 3, 6, 12 months.Results A total 2833 participants met inclusion criteria. index value, GAD-7, SQS all improved each (p < 0.001). no difference values between former or current illicit cannabis consumers naïve > 0.050). Adverse were reported 474 (16.73%) participants.Conclusions suggests that are associated an improvement life diseases. Treatment tolerated well most participants, but more common female cannabis-naïve patients.

Language: Английский

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Use of Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Anxiety: A Short Synthesis of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Evidence

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 191 - 196

Published: Jan. 6, 2020

Anxiety disorders have the highest lifetime prevalence of any mental illness worldwide, leading to high societal costs and economic burden. Current pharmacotherapies for anxiety are associated with adverse effects low efficacy. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a constituent Cannabis plant, which has potential therapeutic properties various indications. After recent legalization cannabis, CBD drawn increased attention as treatment, majority existing data suggest it safe, well tolerated, few effects, demonstrates no abuse or dependence in humans. Pre-clinical research using animal models innate fear anxiety-like behaviors found anxiolytic, antistress, anticompulsive, panicolytic-like CBD. Preliminary evidence from human trials both healthy volunteers individuals social disorder, suggests that may anxiolytic effects. Although these findings promising, future warranted determine efficacy other disorders, establish appropriate doses, its long-term The pre-clinical clinical been conducted males only. Among rates, symptomology, treatment response differ between females. Thus, should focus on this area due lack females knowledge gap sex gender differences effectiveness anxiety.

Language: Английский

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The why behind the high: determinants of neurocognition during acute cannabis exposure

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. 439 - 454

Published: May 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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The Behavioral Sequelae of Cannabis Use in Healthy People: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 16, 2021

Background: Cannabis is known to have a broad range of effects on behavior, including experiencing “high” and tranquility/relaxation. However, there are several adverse behavioral sequalae that can arise from cannabis use, depending frequency potency (e.g., THC content), age onset, cumulative exposure. This systematic review examined evidence for cannabis-related in otherwise healthy human subjects. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted cross-sectional longitudinal studies 1990 2020 identified outcomes subjects without psychiatric medical co-morbidities PubMed PsychInfo searches. Key search terms included “cannabis” OR “tetrahydrocannabinol” “cannabidiol” “marijuana” AND “anxiety” “depression” “psychosis” “schizophrenia” “OR “IQ” “memory” “attention” “impulsivity” “cognition” “education” “occupation”. Results: Our detected total 2,870 studies, which extracted 124 relevant the literature non-clinical population. Effects sequelae cognition, motivation, impulsivity, mood, anxiety, psychosis intelligence, psychosocial functioning were identified. The preponderance suggests (but not CBD) content, exposure all contribute these individuals pre-existing condition or disorder. strongest negative functioning. Conclusions: Although more research needed determine risk factors development findings underline importance understanding vulnerability cannabis, has implications prevention treatment problematic use.

Language: Английский

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