Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use: A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 103381 - 103381

Published: Aug. 28, 2021

Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public goals. Evidence-based 'Lower Risk Use Guidelines' (LRCUG) recommendations were previously developed reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed review new scientific develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this basis. Targeted searches literature (since 2016) main outcomes by the user-individual conducted. Topical areas informed previous LRCUG content expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused systematic reviews, supplemented key individual studies. The results evidence-graded, topically organized narratively summarized; through an iterative expert consensus development process. A substantial body cannabis use-related harms identified varying quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters three precautionary statements developed. In general, suggests that individuals can if they delay onset until after adolescence, avoid high-potency (THC) products high-frequency/-intensity use, refrain from smoking-routes administration. While people are particularly vulnerable harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those co-morbidities) advised exercise particular caution risks. Legal/regulated should be used where possible. result in outcomes, mostly higher-risk use. Reducing help offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive approach They require effective audience-tailoring dissemination, regular updating as become available, evaluated impact.

Language: Английский

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Gender Norms, Roles and Relations and Cannabis-Use Patterns: A Scoping Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 947 - 947

Published: Feb. 4, 2020

Currently, boys and men use cannabis at higher rates than girls women, but the gender gap is narrowing. With legalization of recreational in Canada multiple US states, these trends call for urgent attention to need consider how norms, roles relations influence patterns inform health promotion prevention responses. Based on a scoping review sex, use, this article consolidates existing evidence from academic literature impact cannabis-use patterns. Evidence reviewed on: adherence dominant masculine feminine norms among adolescents young adults, prevailing can be both reinstated or reimagined through use; gendered social dynamics settings; adults diverse sexual orientations identities. Findings are compared contrasted with context alcohol tobacco use. Recommendations integrating transformative principles responses provided.

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in the acute effects of smoked cannabis: evidence from a human laboratory study of young adults

Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 237(2), P. 305 - 316

Published: Oct. 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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Prevalence and modes of cannabis use among youth in Canada, England, and the US, 2017 to 2019

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 219, P. 108505 - 108505

Published: Jan. 2, 2021

Language: Английский

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Prevalence and use of cannabis products and routes of administration among youth and young adults in Canada and the United States: A systematic review

Addictive Behaviors, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 129, P. 107258 - 107258

Published: Jan. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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How have cannabis use and related indicators changed since legalization of cannabis for non-medical purposes? Results of the Canadian Cannabis Survey 2018–2022

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 127, P. 104385 - 104385

Published: March 22, 2024

Cannabis use for non-medical purposes was legalized and regulated in Canada through the Act October 2018. This paper examined trends of cannabis related indicators from pre- to post-legalization (2018–2022). Data 5 years Canadian Survey, an annual web-based survey administered Canadians 16 age or older, were used analysis (n2018=12,952; n2019=11,922; n2020=10,821; n2021=10,733; n2022=10,048). measures include questions about use, types products, sources, risk perceptions beliefs, exposure public education campaigns health warnings. Adjusted logistic regression models tested differences outcomes over time. Past 12-month consumption increased among 22 % 2018 27 2022 (AOR=1.41;99 CI:1.28–1.54). Similarly, daily/almost daily (DAD) 7 (AOR=1.36;99 CI:1.16–1.59). Consumption dried flower, hash/kief, concentrates/extracts (e.g., wax, shatter, budder) decreased since 2018, whereas edibles, beverages vape pens/cartridges (p < 0.001). Legal purchasing 4 69 2022, while accessing social illegal sources time More are reporting legalization regulation purposes, continuing a pre-existing trend despite increase awareness risks consuming cannabis. Trends product indicate transition flower towards foods, drinks pens/cartridges. The legal market is increasingly displacing illicit Canada.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis use and mood disorders: a systematic review

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 9, 2024

Background Problematic cannabis use is highly prevalent among people with mood disorders. This underscores the need to understand effects of and cannabinoids in this population, especially considering legalization recreational use. Objectives We aimed (1) systematically evaluate cross-sectional longitudinal studies investigating interplay between use, disorder (CUD), occurrence disorders symptoms, a focus on major depressive (MDD) bipolar (BD) and; (2) examine prognosis treatment outcomes MDD BD. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted an extensive search for English-language potential impact development published from inception through November 2023, using EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE databases. Results Our literature identified 3,262 studies, 78 meeting inclusion criteria. found that associated increased manic symptoms general population addition elevated likelihood developing Furthermore, observed linked unfavorable both or Discussion findings suggest may negatively influence development, course, Future well-designed type, amount, frequency while addressing confounding factors, are imperative comprehensive understanding relationship. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023481634 .

Language: Английский

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Sex, Gender, and Alcohol Use: Implications for Women and Low-Risk Drinking Guidelines

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. 4523 - 4523

Published: April 8, 2022

Alcohol use is coming under increasing scrutiny with respect to its health impacts on the body. In this vein, several high-income countries have issued low-risk drinking guidelines in past decade, aiming educate public safer levels of alcohol use. Research sex-specific effects has indicated higher damage lower amounts for females as well overall sex differences pharmacokinetics male and female bodies. gender-related factors, while culturally dependent, indicates increased susceptibility sexual assault intimate partner violence more negative gender norms stereotypes about women. Sex- gender-specific been some countries, suggesting consumption women than men; however, other sex- gender-blind advice issued. This article reports a synthesis evidence both factors affecting an emphasis women’s We conclude that supporting expanding development offers nuanced educative information clinicians consumers will particularly benefit girls.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of recreational cannabis legalization on use and harms: A narrative review of sex/gender differences

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 10, 2023

Legalization of cannabis use for non-medical (recreational) purposes is changing the global landscape. As attitudes toward become more positive and prevalence increases in complex ways, concerns emerge about potential increased cannabis-attributable harms. Understanding who, why, when this likely increase harms thus an important public health priority. Both sex gender contribute to variability use, effects, sex/gender considerations are evaluating impacts legalization. The goal narrative review broadly discuss differences whether there legalization, why these might exist. One our strongest conclusions that men have always been than women, yet gap has narrowed over time, be partly due existing evidence suggests also legalization on such as cannabis-involved motor vehicle collisions hospitalizations, though results variable. body literature reviewed focused almost exclusively samples cisgender research participants, future should encourage inclusion transgender gender-diverse participants. More consideration sex- gender-based analysis long-term a clear

Language: Английский

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An Individuality of Response to Cannabinoids: Challenges in Safety and Efficacy of Cannabis Products

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(6), P. 2791 - 2791

Published: March 20, 2023

Since legalization, cannabis/marijuana has been gaining considerable attention as a functional ingredient in food. ∆-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other cannabinoids are key bioactive compounds with health benefits. The oral consumption of cannabis transports much less hazardous chemicals than smoking. Nevertheless, the response to is biphasically dose-dependent (hormesis; low-dose stimulation high-dose inhibition) wide individuality responses. Thus, exact same dose preparation may be beneficial for some but toxic others. purpose this review highlight concept individual variations cannabinoids, which leads challenge establishing standard safe doses products general population. mechanisms actions, acute chronic toxicities, factors affecting responses updated. Based on literature review, we found that depends exposure (delivery route, duration, frequency, interactions food drugs), (age, sex), susceptibility (genetic polymorphisms cannabinoid receptor gene, N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing enzymes, THC-metabolizing epigenetic regulations). Owing responses, safest way use cannabis-containing start low, go slow, stay low.

Language: Английский

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