B Cell Orchestration of Anti-tumor Immune Responses: A Matter of Cell Localization and Communication

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: June 7, 2021

The immune system plays a crucial role in cancer development either by fostering tumor growth or destroying cells, which has open new avenues for immunotherapy. It was only over the last decade that of B cells controlling anti-tumor responses milieu begun to be appreciated. and plasma can exert effects through antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) activation complement cascade, even though their effector functions extend beyond classical humoral immunity. In tissues, found lymphoid aggregates, known as tertiary structures (TLSs), well-organized non-encapsulated composed stromal cells. These reflect process neogenesis occurring peripheral tissues upon long-lasting exposure inflammatory signals. TLS provides an area intense antigen presentation lead optimal T functions, well generation further differentiated antibody-secreting memory Of clinical interest, crosstalk between antigen-experienced exhausted CD8 + within mature recently associated with improved response checkpoint blockade (ICB) melanoma, sarcoma lung cancer. Otherwise, sparsely distributed microenvironment organized immature TLSs were immune-regulatory inhibiting immunity secretion anti-inflammatory cytokines. Such phenotype might arise when interact malignant rather than dendritic Differences spatial distribution likely underlie discrepancies inferred from human samples mouse models. Many fast-growing orthotopic tumors develop cell-rich bulk reduced stroma are devoid TLSs, highlights importance carefully selecting pre-clinical summary, strategies promote formation close proximity favor immunotherapy responses. Here, cellular molecular programs coordinating development, organization will reviewed, focusing on translational relevance

Language: Английский

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Global, regional, and national sex differences in the global burden of tuberculosis by HIV status, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 222 - 241

Published: Sept. 23, 2021

BackgroundTuberculosis is a major contributor to the global burden of disease, causing more than million deaths annually. Given an emphasis on equity in access diagnosis and treatment tuberculosis health targets, evaluations differences by sex are crucial. We aimed assess levels trends tuberculosis, with investigating HIV status for 204 countries territories from 1990 2019.MethodsWe used Bayesian hierarchical Cause Death Ensemble model (CODEm) platform analyse 21 505 site-years vital registration data, 705 verbal autopsy 825 sample-based 680 mortality surveillance data estimate due among HIV-negative individuals. population attributable fraction approach related coinfection. A compartmental meta-regression tool (DisMod-MR 2.1) was then synthesise all available sources, including prevalence surveys, annual case notifications, population-based tuberculin cause-specific mortality, produce estimates incidence, prevalence, that were internally consistent. further estimated independent effects risk factors, smoking, alcohol use, diabetes, For individuals coinfection, we assessed factors unsafe sex, intimate partner violence (only females), injection drug use. present 95% uncertainty intervals estimates.FindingsGlobally, 2019, individuals, there 1·18 (95% interval 1·08–1·29) 8·50 (7·45–9·73) incident cases tuberculosis. Among HIV-positive 217 000 (153 000–279 000) 1·15 (1·01–1·32) 2019. More occurred males females globally 342 (234 000–425 1·01 (0·82–1·23) females. 6250 (1820–11 400) 81 100 (63 300–100 Age-standardised rates two times greater 105 age-standardised incidence 1·5 74 The diabetes 4·27 (3·69–5·02), 6·17 (5·48–7·02), 1·17 (1·07–1·28) higher, respectively, use 2·23 (2·03–2·44) females, whereas 1·06 (1·05–1·08) males.InterpretationAs refine national programmes strategies end epidemic, excess experienced important. Interventions needed actively communicate, especially men, importance early treatment. These interventions should occur parallel efforts minimise women highest contributing coinfection Placing focus might help diminish overall This strategy will be crucial reaching both targets outlined milestones.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Language: Английский

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Age–period–cohort analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis reported incidence, China, 2006–2020

Infectious Diseases of Poverty, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 28, 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) poses a severe public health challenge in China and worldwide. This study evaluated the effects of age, period, birth cohort on reported incidence trends TB based population refined characteristics high-risk groups.Aggregate data that pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases from Management Information System (TBIMS) 2006 to 2020 were used analyze effect coefficients through age-period-cohort (APC) model intrinsic estimator (IE) method, converted them into relative risk (RR) estimate trends.A total 14.82 million PTB 2020, showing continuous downward trend. The reporting rate increased with age by group, 70-74 years old being 2-3 times higher than 20-24 old. APC analysis showed bimodal [RR = 2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.73-3.03] (RR 1.95, CI: 1.67-2.27), lower overall average groups under 15 Stratified results was for women 40 men over 40. urban rural areas 30 slightly between 64 15-34 significantly east other regions. period decreasing trend, recent years. Except cohorts born 1961-1965 2001-2005, where RR increased, later born, risk. 1926-1930 eastern had highest 3.49, 2.44-4.98).The continued decline 2020. young (20-24 old) elderly (70-74 equally at high There differences among gender, urban-rural Our findings better reflected populations, thus contributing development timely effective intervention strategies, providing clues etiological research.

Language: Английский

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The conneXion between sex and immune responses

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 487 - 502

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Immune system adaptation during gender-affirming testosterone treatment

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 633(8028), P. 155 - 164

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Global, regional and national trends in tuberculosis incidence and main risk factors: a study using data from 2000 to 2021

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Background Despite the significant progress over years, Tuberculosis remains a major public health concern and danger to global health. This study aimed analyze spatial temporal characteristics of incidence tuberculosis its risk factors predict future trends in Tuberculosis. Methods used secondary data on factor from 209 countries regions worldwide between 2000 2021 for analysis. Specifically, this analyses autocorrelation by calculating Moran’s I identified multiple stepwise linear regression We also Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model trend 2030. ArcGIS Pro, Geoda R studio 4.2.2 Results The found showed general downward trend, but remained (Moran’s = 0.465, P < 0.001). are geographically specific. Low literacy rate was as most pervasive profound Conclusions shows status factors. Although Index both declining, there still differences across regions. Even though is leading affecting largest number regions, many where gender (male) factor. In addition, at current decline incidence, World Health Organization’s goal ending pandemic 2030 will be difficult achieve. Targeted preventive interventions, such education regular screening Tuberculosis-prone populations needed if we achieve goal. results help policymakers identify high-risk groups based TB different areas, rationalize allocation healthcare resources, provide timely education, so formulate more effective prevention control policies.

Language: Английский

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Heterogeneous Escape from X Chromosome Inactivation Results in Sex Differences in Type I IFN Responses at the Single Human pDC Level

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(10), P. 108485 - 108485

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Immune responses differ between women and men, type I interferon (IFN) following Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) stimulation are higher in women. The precise mechanisms driving these sex differences immunity unknown. To investigate possible genetic factors, we quantify escape from X chromosome inactivation (XCI) for TLR7 four other genes (RPS6KA3, CYBB, BTK, IL13RA1) at the single plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) level. We observe XCI all investigated genes, leading to biallelic expression patterns. pDCs with gene have significantly mRNA levels of respective genes. Unstimulated exhibit IFNα/β levels, IFNα exposure results increased protein production by pDCs. These identify unanticipated heterogeneity several highlight important contribution factors IFN responses, which might explain observed human diseases.

Language: Английский

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A statistical framework for differential pseudotime analysis with multiple single-cell RNA-seq samples

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 10, 2023

Pseudotime analysis with single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data has been widely used to study dynamic gene regulatory programs along continuous biological processes. While many methods have developed infer the pseudotemporal trajectories of cells within a sample, it remains challenge compare patterns multiple samples (or replicates) across different experimental conditions. Here, we introduce Lamian, comprehensive and statistically-rigorous computational framework for differential multi-sample pseudotime analysis. Lamian can be identify changes in process associated sample covariates, such as conditions while adjusting batch effects, detect expression, cell density, topology trajectory. Unlike existing that ignore variability, draws statistical inference after accounting cross-sample variability hence substantially reduces sample-specific false discoveries are not generalizable new samples. Using both real scRNA-seq simulation data, including an immune response between COVID-19 patients disease severity levels, demonstrate advantages decoding cellular expression

Language: Английский

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Epidemiological and osteoarticular involvement sites’ characteristics of multiple osteoarticular tuberculosis: a scoping review

Epidemiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 26

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

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Language: Английский

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Sex differences in immunity

Seminars in Immunopathology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 41(2), P. 133 - 135

Published: Feb. 11, 2019

Language: Английский

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