Plants’ Physio-Biochemical and Phyto-Hormonal Responses to Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress: A Comprehensive Review

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(13), P. 1620 - 1620

Published: June 21, 2022

Water, a necessary component of cell protoplasm, plays an essential role in supporting life on Earth; nevertheless, extreme changes climatic conditions limit water availability, causing numerous issues, such as the current water-scarce regimes many regions biome. This review aims to collect data from various published studies literature understand and critically analyze plants’ morphological, growth, yield, physio-biochemical responses drought stress their potential modulate nullify damaging effects via activating natural physiological biochemical mechanisms. In addition, described breakthroughs understanding how plant hormones influence phytohormonal interaction through signaling under regimes. The information for this was systematically gathered different global search engines scientific databases Science Direct, including Google Scholar, Web Science, related studies, books, articles. Drought is significant obstacle meeting food demand world’s constantly growing population. Plants cope with cellular osmotic potential, activation defense systems form antioxidant enzymes accumulation osmolytes proteins, proline, glycine betaine, phenolic compounds, soluble sugars. Phytohormones developmental processes networks, which aid acclimating plants biotic abiotic challenges and, consequently, survival. Significant progress has been made jasmonates, salicylic acid, ethylene identifying important components roles stress. Other hormones, abscisic auxin, gibberellic brassinosteroids, peptide have linked pathways ways.

Language: Английский

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Auxin/Cytokinin Antagonistic Control of the Shoot/Root Growth Ratio and Its Relevance for Adaptation to Drought and Nutrient Deficiency Stresses

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 1933 - 1933

Published: Feb. 9, 2022

The hormones auxin and cytokinin regulate numerous aspects of plant development often act as an antagonistic hormone pair. One the more striking examples auxin/cytokinin antagonism involves regulation shoot/root growth ratio in which promotes shoot inhibits root growth, whereas does opposite. Control is essential for survival terrestrial plants because it allows adaptations to water mineral nutrient availability soil. Because a decrease combined with increase leads under drought stress limiting conditions, was not surprising find that promotes, while reduces, tolerance uptake. Recent data show also alter signaling biosynthesis pathways this stress-induced affects opposite manner. These effects suggested each directly negatively regulates or other. However, growing body evidence supports unidirectional regulation, emerging primary regulatory component. This master role may come surprise when viewed from evolutionary perspective.

Language: Английский

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From Nature to Lab: A Review of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Pathways, Environmental Influences, and In Vitro Approaches

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 895 - 895

Published: July 28, 2023

Secondary metabolites are gaining an increasing importance in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, dyes, and food, is the need for reliable efficient methods of procuring these compounds. To develop sustainable cost-effective approaches, a comprehensive understanding biosynthetic pathways factors influencing secondary metabolite production essential. These compounds unique type natural product which recognizes oxidative damage caused by stresses, thereby activating defence mechanism plants. Various have been developed to enhance The elicitor-induced vitro culture technique considered tool studying improving In present review, we documented role under diverse environmental stresses. Furthermore, practical strategy obtaining consistent abundant via elicitation agents used culturing techniques also mentioned. By elucidating intricate interplay regulatory factors, this review paves way future advancements high-value metabolites.

Language: Английский

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Revisiting the role of MAPK signalling pathway in plants and its manipulation for crop improvement

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(8), P. 2277 - 2295

Published: May 9, 2023

Abstract The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important signalling event associated with every aspect of plant growth, development, yield, abiotic and biotic stress adaptation. Being a central metabolic pathway, it vital target for manipulation crop improvement. In this review, we have summarised recent advancements in understanding involvement MAPK modulating tolerance, architecture yield plants. cross talks reactive oxygen species (ROS) abscisic acid (ABA) events bringing about adaptation intricate plant's pathogen defence ability has also been identified. Further, research findings point towards participation shaping yield. These make improvement discuss here various strategies to tweak components designing future crops improved physiology phenotypes.

Language: Английский

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Instigating prevalent abiotic stress resilience in crop by exogenous application of phytohormones and nutrient

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

In recent times, the demand for food and feed ever-increasing population has achieved unparalleled importance, which cannot afford crop yield loss. Now-a-days, unpleasant situation of abiotic stress triggers improvement by affecting different metabolic pathways quality advances worldwide. Abiotic like drought, salinity, cold, heat, flood, etc. in plants diverts energy required growth to prevent plant from shock maintain regular homeostasis. Hence, is drastically reduced as utilized overcoming plants. The application phytohormones classical auxins, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins, well more members including brassinosteroids, jasmonic acids, etc., along with both macro micronutrients, have enhanced significant attention creating key benefits such reduction ionic toxicity, improving oxidative stress, maintaining water-related balance, gaseous exchange modification during conditions. Majority homeostasis inside cell detoxifying ROS enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities can enhance tolerance At molecular level, activate signaling or genes regulated abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic (SA), Jasmonic (JA), ethylene. various stresses primarily cause nutrient deficiency reduce uptake nutrients N, K, Ca, Mg are also involved scavenging through elevating antioxidants properties finally decreasing membrane leakage increasing photosynthetic ability resynthesizing chlorophyll pigment. This present review highlighted alteration caused crops, changes vital functions exogenous nutrition, their interaction.

Language: Английский

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Nano‐enabled stress‐smart agriculture: Can nanotechnology deliver drought and salinity‐smart crops?

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 189 - 214

Published: July 18, 2023

Abstract Salinity and drought stress substantially decrease crop yield superiority, directly threatening the food supply needed to meet rising needs of growing total population. Nanotechnology is a step towards improving agricultural output tolerance by efficacy inputs in agriculture via targeted delivery, controlled release, enhanced solubility adhesion while also reducing significant damage. The direct application nanoparticles (NPs)/nanomaterials can boost performance effectiveness physio‐biochemical molecular mechanisms plants under conditions, leading advanced tolerance. Therefore, we presented effects plant responses explored potential nanomaterials for systems, discussed advantages applying NPs at various developmental stages alleviate negative salinity stress. Moreover, feature recent innovations state‐of‐the‐art nanobiotechnology, specifically NP‐mediated genome editing CRISPR/Cas system, develop stress‐smart crops. However, further investigations are unravel role nanobiotechnology addressing climate change challenges modern systems. We propose that combining speed breeding techniques could enable designing climate‐smart cultivars (particularly bred or genetically modified varieties) security world

Language: Английский

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Unlocking nature's stress buster: Abscisic acid's crucial role in defending plants against abiotic stress

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100359 - 100359

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

The main obstacle for sustained supply of agricultural products and feeding the globe in coming years is abiotic stress. Plants typically shorten their developmental processes under stress, which eventually has a negative impact on production. A key phytohormone that plays crucial role combating stress abscisic acid (ABA). ABA significant absorbing signals guiding subsequent responses. For an outcome, plants must consistently control levels response to shifting environmental factors. In addition helping adapt diverse conditions like drought, salt, temperature also controls number physiological functions, including stomatal opening protein synthesis. variety defense mechanisms against are regulated by ABA, produced various organs stressful situations. These include controlling aperture expression genes confer resistance stresses. Based current available literatures, this review provides insights ABA's function context stresses, with focus its synthesis, signaling pathways, regulatory root architecture, over movement, intricate interactions other phytohormones.

Language: Английский

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Small but mighty: Peptides regulating abiotic stress responses in plants

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(4), P. 1207 - 1223

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Throughout evolution, plants have developed strategies to confront and alleviate the detrimental impacts of abiotic stresses on their growth development. The combat involve intricate molecular networks a spectrum early late stress‐responsive pathways. Plant peptides, consisting fewer than 100 amino acid residues, are at forefront these responses, serving as pivotal signalling molecules. These with roles similar phytohormones, intricately regulate plant growth, development facilitate essential cell‐to‐cell communications. Numerous studies underscore significant role small peptides in coordinating diverse events triggered by environmental challenges. Originating from proteolytic processing larger protein precursors or directly translated open reading frames, including microRNA (miRNA) encoded primary miRNA, exert biological functions through binding membrane‐embedded receptor‐like kinases. This interaction initiates downstream cellular cascades, often involving major phytohormones reactive oxygen species‐mediated mechanisms. Despite advances, precise modes action for numerous other remain be fully elucidated. In this review, we delve into dynamics stress physiology, mainly focusing shedding light significance face changing conditions.

Language: Английский

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Regulatory mechanisms and breeding strategies for crop drought resistance

New Crops, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 100029 - 100029

Published: May 24, 2024

Drought is a primary abiotic stress affecting crops, leading to plant stomatal closure, reduced photosynthetic capacity, and yields or even harvest failure. Severe drought can adversely impact agricultural production, ecosystems, socio-economic capacities. Recently, researchers have studied the regulatory mechanisms of crop resistance cloned hundreds genes via genetic molecular approaches. However, limited number been successfully employed in breeding, suggesting that regulation too complex. More work must be done fully understand networks responses breed drought-resistant high-yield varieties. This review outlines current achievements investigating responses, particularly by phytohormones at transcriptional, post-translational, epigenetic levels responses. Finally, we examine problems potential solutions breeding propose strategies for improvement.

Language: Английский

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Plant hormone ethylene: A leading edge in conferring drought stress tolerance

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Agricultural sufficient productivity is of paramount importance for ensuring food security and conserving soil health to support the world's agronomy. Climatic abruptions have been emerging as one most nerve‐pressing issues sustainment planet Earth in twenty‐first century. Among various environmental constraints, drought stress stands out a potent factor restricting crop growth productivity. It triggers myriad intricate responses plants combat underlying stress‐mediated adversities. Gaining comprehensive understanding key physiological molecular mechanisms that enable withstand crucial developing effective strategies enhance resilience. Ethylene, gaseous plant hormone, influences adaptive measures adopted by subjected regulating signal transduction‐associated responses. The present review article provides an in‐depth critical roles ethylene enhancing plants' ability restrain severity stress. also highlights significance signaling components survival tolerance. Additionally, we illustrated additive antagonistic interactions with other regulators, which instigate tolerance Conclusively, this emphasizes complex networks involved ethylene‐mediated tolerance, providing valuable insights future research uncovering novel studies field biology.

Language: Английский

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