Climate change effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and natural resource management in the United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 733, P. 137782 - 137782

Published: March 11, 2020

Climate change is a pervasive and growing global threat to biodiversity ecosystems. Here, we present the most up-to-date assessment of climate impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services in U.S. implications for natural resource management. We draw from 4th National Assessment summarize observed projected changes ecosystems explore linkages important services, discuss associated challenges opportunities find that species are responding through morphology behavior, phenology, geographic range shifts, these mediated by plastic evolutionary responses. Responses populations, combined with direct effects (including more extreme events), resulting widespread productivity, interactions, vulnerability biological invasions, other emergent properties. Collectively, alter benefits can provide society. Although not all negative, even positive require costly societal adjustments. Natural managers need proactive, flexible adaptation strategies consider historical future outlooks minimize costs over long term. Many organizations beginning approaches, but implementation yet prevalent or systematic across nation.

Language: Английский

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Marine Heatwaves

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 313 - 342

Published: Sept. 25, 2020

Ocean temperature variability is a fundamental component of the Earth's climate system, and extremes in this affect health marine ecosystems around world. The study heatwaves has emerged as rapidly growing field research, given notable extreme warm-water events that have occurred against background trend global ocean warming. This review summarizes latest physical statistical understanding based on how they are identified, defined, characterized, monitored through remotely sensed situ data sets. We describe mechanisms cause heatwaves, along with their distribution, variability, trends. Finally, we discuss current issues developing research area, including considerations related to thechoice climatological baseline periods defining communicate findings context societal needs.

Language: Английский

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Biological Impacts of Marine Heatwaves

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 119 - 145

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Climatic extremes are becoming increasingly common against a background trend of global warming. In the oceans, marine heatwaves (MHWs)-discrete periods anomalously warm water-have intensified and become more frequent over past century, impacting integrity ecosystems globally. We review synthesize current understanding MHW impacts at individual, population, community levels. then examine how these affect broader ecosystem services discuss state research on biological MHWs. Finally, we explore emergent approaches to predicting occurrence andimpacts future events, along with adaptation management approaches. With further increases in intensity frequency projected for coming decades, MHWs emerging as pervasive stressors A deeper mechanistic their is needed better predict adapt increased activity Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Keeping pace with marine heatwaves

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1(9), P. 482 - 493

Published: July 28, 2020

Language: Английский

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Socioeconomic impacts of marine heatwaves: Global issues and opportunities

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 374(6566)

Published: Oct. 22, 2021

The impacts of marine heatwaves Extreme warming events in the world’s oceans are becoming more widespread and frequent; 8 10 most severe recorded have taken place past decade. Smith et al . review how these severely altering ecosystem service provision, with socioeconomic impacts. Heatwave effects, including range shifts mass mortality species harmful algal blooms, knock-on economic consequences that already run into billions US dollars. As well as reviewing events, authors discuss mitigation adaptation measures needed to alleviate risks damaging —AMS

Language: Английский

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Post-2020 biodiversity targets need to embrace climate change

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(49), P. 30882 - 30891

Published: Dec. 7, 2020

Recent assessment reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Science-Policy Platform Biodiversity Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have highlighted risks to humanity arising from unsustainable use of natural resources. Thus far, land, freshwater, ocean exploitation been chief causes biodiversity loss. change is projected be a rapidly increasing additional driver for Since climate loss impact human societies everywhere, bold solutions are required that integrate environmental societal objectives. As yet, most existing international targets overlooked impacts. At same time, mitigation measures themselves may harm directly. The Convention Biological Diversity’s post-2020 framework offers important opportunity address interactions between revise accordingly better aligning these with United Nations Framework Paris Agreement Sustainable Development Goals. We identify considerable number proposed risk being severely compromised due change, even if other barriers their achievement were removed. Our analysis suggests next set explicitly addresses change-related since many aspirational goals will not feasible under lower-end projections future warming. Adopting more flexible dynamic approaches conservation, rather than static goals, would allow us respond flexibly changes in habitats, genetic resources, species composition, ecosystem functioning leverage biodiversity’s capacity contribute adaptation.

Language: Английский

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Local conditions magnify coral loss after marine heatwaves

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 372(6545), P. 977 - 980

Published: May 27, 2021

Climate change threatens coral reefs by causing heat stress events that lead to widespread bleaching and mortality. Given the global nature of these mass mortality events, recent studies argue mitigating climate is only path conserve reefs. Using a analysis 223 sites, we show local stressors act synergistically with kill corals. Local factors such as high abundance macroalgae or urchins magnified loss in year after bleaching. Notably, combined effects increasing intensified loss. Our results offer an optimistic premise effective management, alongside efforts mitigate change, can help survive Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Coral bleaching patterns are the outcome of complex biological and environmental networking

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 68 - 79

Published: Oct. 16, 2019

Abstract Continued declines in coral reef health over the past three decades have been punctuated by severe mass bleaching‐induced mortality events that grown intensity and frequency under climate change. Intensive global research efforts therefore persistently focused on bleaching phenomena to understand where corals bleach, when why—resulting a large—yet still somewhat patchy—knowledge base. Particularly catastrophic 5 years catalyzed calls for more diverse set of management tools, extending far beyond mitigation protection, also include aggressive interventions. However, effectiveness these various tools now rests rapidly assimilating our knowledge base into integrated frameworks. Here, we consider how intensive has established basis complex biological environmental networks, which together regulate outcomes severity. We discuss enough scaffold conceptual frameworks underpinning susceptibility, but new are urgently required translate this an operational system informing—and testing—bleaching outcomes. Specifically, adopting network models can fully describe predict metabolic functioning holobionts, is regulated doses interactions among factors. Identifying gaps limiting operation such logical step immediately guide prioritize future experiments observations. at time‐critical point implement capacity resolve patterns emerge from biological–environmental so effectively inform evolving ecological social adaptation aimed securing reefs.

Language: Английский

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Variations in Summer Marine Heatwaves in the South China Sea

Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 126(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

Abstract Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged anomalous warm seawater events that can severely impact marine ecosystems and have never been studied previously in the South China Sea. Here, we combine satellite sea surface temperature reanalysis products to provide a systematic analysis of variations summer MHWs Sea potential influencing factors. The MHW days duration, calculated as multiyear average, mainly concentrated near Nansha Islands Beibu Gulf. Additionally, find significant increasing trends days, frequency during 1982–2020. first empirical orthogonal function mode accounts for 60% total variance exhibits general mono‐sign pattern over entire Increased solar radiation released latent heat contribute high pressure western North Pacific. anticyclone induced by intensification Pacific subtropical its westward extension bring easterly wind anomalies low latitudes, weakening southwest monsoon south 12°N midwestern upwelling weakens or even disappears due negative stress curl, causing basin‐wide severe MHWs. paper also points out more attention should be given inter‐ocean interactions when monitoring risks unprecedented MHW‐related coral bleaching ranching

Language: Английский

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Emergent properties in the responses of tropical corals to recurrent climate extremes

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(23), P. 5393 - 5399.e3

Published: Nov. 4, 2021

Language: Английский

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