Coral‐bleaching responses to climate change across biological scales

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(14), P. 4229 - 4250

Published: April 27, 2022

Abstract The global impacts of climate change are evident in every marine ecosystem. On coral reefs, mass bleaching and mortality have emerged as ubiquitous responses to ocean warming, yet one the greatest challenges this epiphenomenon is linking information across scientific disciplines spatial temporal scales. Here we review some seminal recent coral‐bleaching discoveries from an ecological, physiological, molecular perspective. We also evaluate which data processes can improve predictive models provide a conceptual framework that integrates measurements biological Taking integrative approach scales, using for example hierarchical estimate major coral‐reef processes, will not only rapidly advance science but necessary guide decision‐making conservation efforts. To conserve encourage implementing mesoscale sanctuaries (thousands km 2 ) transcend national boundaries. Such networks protected reefs reef connectivity, through larval dispersal transverse thermal environments, genotypic repositories may become essential units selection environmentally diverse locations. Together, multinational be best chance corals persist change, while humanity struggles reduce emissions greenhouse gases net zero.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms and Impacts of Earth System Tipping Elements

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Abstract Tipping elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long‐term states upon passing key thresholds or “tipping points.” In some cases, such changes could produce additional greenhouse gas emissions radiative forcing that compound global warming. Improved understanding tipping is important for predicting future risks and their impacts. Here we review mechanisms, predictions, impacts, knowledge gaps associated with 10 notable proposed be elements. We evaluate approaching critical whether shifts manifest rapidly over longer timescales. Some have a higher risk crossing points under middle‐of‐the‐road pathways will possibly affect major ecosystems, patterns, and/or carbon cycling within 21st century. However, literature assessing scenarios indicates strong potential reduce impacts many through mitigation. The studies synthesized in our suggest most do not possess abrupt years, exhibit behavior, rather responding more predictably directly magnitude forcing. Nevertheless, uncertainties remain elements, highlighting an acute need further research modeling better constrain risks.

Language: Английский

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Three decades of ocean warming impacts on marine ecosystems: A review and perspective

Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 212, P. 105318 - 105318

Published: Aug. 11, 2023

Ocean warming, primarily resulting from the escalating levels of greenhouse gases in atmosphere, leads to a rise temperature Earth's oceans. These act as heat-trapping agents, contributing overall phenomenon global warming. In order gain comprehensive understanding how ocean warming impacts marine ecosystems, thorough literature review was conducted over span three decades, involving 2484 initial publications. The systematic screening facilitated by utilizing Abstrackr's web-based application efficiently select relevant abstracts, final list 797 publications aligned with study's objectives. Since advent industrial revolution, gas emissions have witnessed an exponential surge, leading cumulative increase atmospheric temperatures at average rate 0.08 °C (0.14 °F) per decade since 1880. Over past 50 years, has emerged primary heat reservoir, absorbing and distributing majority more than 90% occurring within its waters. Between 1950 2020, sea surface (SST) increased 0.11 (0.19 °F). consequences extend significantly environment climate. It induces expansion ocean, alters stratification currents, diminishes oxygen availability, elevates levels, intensifies hurricanes storms. also affects species' physiology, abundance, distribution, trophic interactions, survival, mortality can cause stress for human societies that depend on impacted resources. is projected 2 4 4–8 times under climate scenarios Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 1–2.6 5–8.5, respectively, additional 0.6–2.0 added end century. We summarize detailed negative or positive responses taxonomic groups. provide critical information help stakeholders, scientists, managers, decision-makers mitigate adapt while improving biodiversity conservation sustainability ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Global impacts of marine heatwaves on coastal foundation species

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: June 13, 2024

Abstract With increasingly intense marine heatwaves affecting nearshore regions, foundation species are coming under increasing stress. To better understand their impacts, we examine responses of critical, habitat-forming (macroalgae, seagrass, corals) to in 1322 shallow coastal areas located across 85 ecoregions. We find compelling evidence that intense, summer play a significant role the decline globally. Critically, detrimental effects increase towards warm-range edges and over time. also identify several ecoregions where don’t respond heatwaves, suggestive some resilience warming events. Cumulative heatwave intensity, absolute temperature, location within species’ range key factors mediating impacts. Our results suggest many ecosystems losing species, potentially impacting associated biodiversity, ecological function, ecosystem services provision. Understanding relationships between offers potential predict impacts critical for developing management adaptation approaches.

Language: Английский

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Thirty years of coral heat-stress experiments: a review of methods

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 39(4), P. 885 - 902

Published: April 24, 2020

Abstract For over three decades, scientists have conducted heat-stress experiments to predict how coral will respond ocean warming due global climate change. However, there are often conflicting results in the literature that difficult resolve, which we hypothesize a result of unintended biases, variation experimental design, and underreporting critical methodological information. Here, reviewed 255 (1) document where when they were on species, (2) assess variability (3) quantify diversity response variables measured. First, found two-thirds studies only countries, species more heavily studied than others, 4% focused earlier life stages. Second, slightly half all exposures less 8 d duration, 17% fed corals, conditions varied widely, including level rate temperature increase, light intensity, number genets used, length acclimation period. In addition, 95%, 55%, > 35% did not report tank flow conditions, light–dark cycle or date experiment, respectively. Finally, 21% measure any bleaching phenotype traits, 77% identify Symbiodiniaceae endosymbiont, contribution host physiological was investigated. This review highlights geographic, taxonomic, duration biases our understanding bleaching, large reporting design could account for some discrepancies literature. Development best practice recommendations improve cross-studies comparisons increase efficiency research at time it is needed most.

Language: Английский

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Advancing Coral Reef Governance into the Anthropocene

One Earth, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 64 - 74

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

The unprecedented global heatwave of 2014–2017 was a defining event for many ecosystems. Widespread degradation caused by coral bleaching, example, highlighted the vulnerability hundreds millions people dependent on reefs their livelihoods, well-being, and food security. Scientists policy makers are now reassessing long-held assumptions about coping with anthropogenic climate change, particularly assumption that strong local institutions can maintain ecological social resilience through ecosystem-based management, adaptation, restoration. Governance is struggling to address new normal as ecosystem assemblages transform novel configurations. A central challenge in Anthropocene navigating environmental crises societal insecurity change. Ecosystem governance needs paradigm embrace rapid change shape future trajectories. In this Perspective, we focus vanguards transformation. We explain spatial, temporal, political dynamics they respond outline applicable all

Language: Английский

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South Atlantic Coral Reefs Are Major Global Warming Refugia and Less Susceptible to Bleaching

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: June 25, 2020

Mass coral bleaching has increased in intensity and frequency severely impacted shallow tropical reefs worldwide. Although extensive investigation been conducted on the resistance resilience of Indo-Pacific Caribbean, unique South Atlantic remain largely unassessed. Here we compiled primary literature data for from three biogeographical regions: Indo-Pacific, Caribbean performed comparative analyses to investigate whether latter may be more resistant bleaching. Our findings show that corals display critical features make them less susceptible mass bleaching: (i) deeper bathymetric distribution, as species have a mean maximum depth occurrence 70 m; (ii) higher tolerance turbidity, nearly 60% are found turbid conditions; (iii) nutrient enrichment, nitrate concentration is naturally elevated; (iv) morphological resistance, massive growth forms dominant comprise two thirds species; (v) flexible symbiotic associations, 75% symbiont phylotypes generalists. Such were associated with fewer episodes mortality Atlantic, approximately than 50% Caribbean. In addition, no global events reported which suffered considerably These results several remarkable withstanding thermal stress. Together historic experience lower heat stress, our explain why climate change impacts this region intense. Given large extension latitudinal distribution communities, recognized major refugium likely resist effectively reefs.

Language: Английский

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Dynamic symbioses reveal pathways to coral survival through prolonged heatwaves

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Dec. 8, 2020

Abstract Prospects for coral persistence through increasingly frequent and extended heatwaves seem bleak. Coral recovery from bleaching is only known to occur after temperatures return normal, mitigation of local stressors does not appear augment survival. Capitalizing on a natural experiment in the equatorial Pacific, we track individual colonies at sites spanning gradient anthropogenic disturbance tropical heatwave unprecedented duration. Unexpectedly, some corals survived event by recovering while still elevated temperatures. These initially had heat-sensitive algal symbiont communities, endured bleaching, then recovered proliferation heat-tolerant symbionts. This pathway survival occurred absence strong stressors. In contrast, highly disturbed areas were already dominated symbionts, despite resisting these no advantage one species 3.3 times lower other. unanticipated connections between disturbance, symbioses heat stress resilience reveal multiple pathways future prolonged heatwaves.

Language: Английский

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Save reefs to rescue all ecosystems

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 573(7774), P. 333 - 336

Published: Sept. 18, 2019

Language: Английский

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Response of large benthic foraminifera to climate and local changes: Implications for future carbonate production

Sedimentology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 121 - 161

Published: Feb. 27, 2021

Abstract Large benthic foraminifera are major carbonate components in tropical platforms, important producers, stratigraphic tools and powerful bioindicators (proxies) of environmental change. The application large coral reef environments has gained considerable momentum recent years. These modern ecological assessments often carried out by micropalaeontologists or ecologists with expertise the identification foraminifera. However, have been under‐represented favour macro reef‐builders, for example, corals calcareous algae. contribute about 5% to reef‐scale sediment production. Their substantial size abundance reflected their symbiotic association living algae inside tests. When foraminiferal holobiont (the combination between host microalgal photosymbiont) dies, remaining test renourishes supply, which maintains stabilizes shorelines low‐lying islands. Geological records reveal episodes (i.e. late Palaeocene early Eocene epochs) prolific production warmer oceans than today, absence corals. This begs deeper consideration how will respond under future climatic scenarios higher atmospheric carbon dioxide ( p CO 2 ) oceans. In addition, studies highlighting complex evolutionary associations hosts algal photosymbionts, as well associated habitats, suggest potential increased tolerance a wide range conditions. full where currently dwell is not well‐understood terms present production, impact stressors. evidence acclimatization, at least few species well‐studied foraminifera, intensifying climate change within degrading ecosystems, prelude host–symbiont resilience different regimes habitats today. review also highlights knowledge gaps current understanding calcium producers across shallow shelf slope changing ocean

Language: Английский

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