Challenges and Opportunities in the Use of Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Adaptation

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 7243 - 7243

Published: April 26, 2023

The concept of nature-based solutions (NbS) has been endorsed by multiple international organizations as one the priority approaches to address climate-related challenges. These are versatile, and can simultaneously challenges such climate impacts, public health, inequality, biodiversity crisis, being uniquely suited for urban adaptation. NbS particularly relevant in developing world, where strategies should be self-reliant possible, reducing need technological processes that require expensive complex maintenance. also promote political, societal, cultural, ultimately, systems change. purpose this paper is present a literature review on use adaptation, identifying main opportunities, challenges, and, most specifically, knowledge gaps, which addressed subsequent research. identifies four types gaps adaptation: future uncertainty, lack site-specific technical design criteria, governance strategies, effectiveness assessment evaluation. To overcome local governments’ limitations, specific implementation structures considered, centered transfer within transdisciplinary participatory framework. developed partnership with planning entities, seeking consolidate these policies support social resilience institutional capacity. Therefore, adaptation initiated pilot projects urgency implementation, while allowing practices time adjust, building capacity at level, filling through effectiveness. climate-resilience tree species adequate was identified gap NbS.

Language: Английский

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Rapidly increasing likelihood of exceeding 50 °C in parts of the Mediterranean and the Middle East due to human influence

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: May 26, 2023

Abstract As the world warms, extremely hot days are becoming more frequent and intense, reaching unprecedented temperatures associated with excess mortality. Here, we assess how anthropogenic forcings affect likelihood of maximum daily above 50 °C at 12 selected locations around Mediterranean Middle East. We adopt a risk-based attribution methodology that utilises climate model simulations without human influence to estimate probability extremes. find all locations, would have been rare or impossible in pre-industrial world, but under human-induced change their is rapidly increasing. At hottest has increased by factor 10–10 3 , whereas end century such extremes could occur every year. All may see 1–2 additional months thermal deaths 2100, which stresses need for effective adaptation planning.

Language: Английский

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Large humidity effects on urban heat exposure and cooling challenges under climate change

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 044024 - 044024

Published: March 15, 2023

Abstract Many urban climates are characterized by increased temperature and decreased relative humidity, under climate change compared to surrounding rural landscapes. The two trends have contrasting effects on human-perceived heat stress. However, their combined impact humid adaptation has remained largely unclear. Here, we use simulations from an earth system model investigate how urbanization coupled with affects stress, exposure, adaptation. Our results show that will increase substantially across the globe 3.1 °C end of century a high emission scenario. This projected trend is attributed change-driven increases in specific humidity (1.8 °C), followed air (1.4 °C)—with impacts varying location smaller magnitude. Urban stress be concentrated coastal, equatorial areas. At least 44% population 2100, equivalent over 3 billion people worldwide, living area We critical, climate-driven dilemma between cooling efficacy water limitation greenery-based Insights our study emphasize importance using urban-explicit measures for more accurate assessments exposure invite careful evaluation feasibility green infrastructure as long-term strategy.

Language: Английский

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A Linear Sensitivity Framework to Understand the Drivers of the Wet‐Bulb Globe Temperature Changes

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 130(5)

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Abstract Better understanding of the physical drivers sufficiently realistic representation human heat stress is crucial for improving prediction and enhancing preparedness. Wet‐bulb globe temperature (WBGT) a standard metric workplace stress; however, its calculation involves complex parameterizations radiative convective energy exchange, making it difficult to understand driving mechanisms behind WBGT changes. To address this issue, we introduce sensitivity framework analytically evaluate WBGT's response meteorological input By examining form coefficients, gain insights into interactive effects multiple environmental parameters in controlling WBGT. Given constant wind solar radiation, natural wet‐bulb black temperatures change at same rate direction as wet‐ dry‐bulb temperatures, despite considerable differences their absolute values. The framework, while having state‐dependent can be linearized, transforming linear combination temperature, specific humidity, surface pressure, terms representing radiation effects. These explicit mathematically tractable relations between more intuitively understandable variables enable leveraging established theories methods We apply regional scaling with global warming extreme synoptic events. also provides customizable approach develop locally tuned approximations WBGT, clear expectations regarding magnitude induced biases. It used diagnose sources biases existing simplified approximations.

Language: Английский

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Combined role of ENSO and IOD on compound drought and heatwaves in Australia using two CMIP6 large ensembles

Weather and Climate Extremes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37, P. 100469 - 100469

Published: June 4, 2022

Compound drought and heatwaves (CDHWs) can cause significant socio-economic ecological impacts. A better understanding of historical spatiotemporal changes Australian CDHWs their underlying physical mechanisms help improve predictability. We analyse in CDHW metrics the extended summer season (November to March) during period 1958–2020. Our results suggest that increased significantly terms frequency, duration, amplitude, severity recent (1989/90–2019/20) relative a (1958/59–1988/89), particularly eastern Australia. further analysed influence co-occurring modes El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on frequency using two Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) single model initial-condition large ensembles. found are strong phases across northeast Australia compared neutral ENSO IOD conditions. This increase is widespread over southeast concurrence Niños moderate-strong positive events. show an extreme occurs one out every seasons Moreover, same applies for as well. highlight importance combinations findings provide insights into climate variability driving CDHWs.

Language: Английский

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An open workflow to gain insights about low‐likelihood high‐impact weather events from initialized predictions

Meteorological Applications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(3)

Published: May 1, 2022

Abstract Low‐likelihood weather events can cause dramatic impacts, especially when they are unprecedented. In 2020, amongst other high‐impact events, UK floods caused more than £300 million damage, prolonged heat over Siberia led to infrastructure failure and permafrost thawing, while wildfires ravaged California. Such rare phenomena cannot be studied well from historical records or reanalysis data. One way improve our awareness is exploit ensemble prediction systems, which represent large samples of simulated events. This ‘UNSEEN’ method has been successfully applied in several scientific studies, but uptake hindered by data processing requirements, uncertainty regarding the credibility simulations. Here, we provide a protocol apply ensure UNSEEN for studying low‐likelihood globally, including an open workflow based on Copernicus Climate Change Services (C3S) seasonal predictions. Demonstrating using European Centre Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) SEAS5, find that 2020 March–May Siberian heatwave was predicted one members; record‐shattering August California‐Mexico temperatures were part strong increasing trend. However, each case studies exposes challenges with respect sensitivity outcomes user decisions. We conclude new insights about decisions transparent, sensitivities acknowledged. Anticipating plausible extreme uncovering unforeseen hazards under changing climate warrants further research at science‐policy interface manage high impacts.

Language: Английский

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Historical and future weather data for dynamic building simulations in Belgium using the regional climate model MAR: typical and extreme meteorological year and heatwaves

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 3039 - 3051

Published: July 6, 2022

Abstract. Increasing temperatures due to global warming will influence building, heating, and cooling practices. Therefore, this data set aims provide formatted adapted meteorological for specific users who work in building design, architecture, energy management systems, modelling renewable conversion or others interested kind of projected weather data. These are produced from the regional climate model MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional French) simulations. This model, validated over Belgium, is forced firstly, by ERA5 reanalysis, which represents closest reality secondly, three Earth system models (ESMs) Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project database, namely, BCC-CSM2-MR, MPI-ESM.1.2, MIROC6. The main advantage using that generated have a high resolution (hourly 5 km) spatially temporally homogeneous. follow two protocols. On one hand, Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) eXtreme (XMY) files largely inspired method proposed standard ISO15927-4, allowing reconstruction typical extreme years, while keeping plausible variability other heatwave event (HWE) according used detect events classify them criteria (the most intense, longest duration, highest temperature). All freely available on open online repository Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606983, Doutreloup Fettweis, 2021) these within framework research project OCCuPANt (https://www.occupant.uliege.be/ (last access: 24 June 2022)​​​​​​​ – ULiège).

Language: Английский

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On the Controlling Factors for Globally Extreme Humid Heat

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 48(23)

Published: Nov. 16, 2021

Abstract Humid heat presents a major societal challenge through its impacts on human health, energy demand, and economic productivity, underlined by the projected emergence of conditions beyond tolerance. However, systematic assessment what drives most extreme humid worldwide has been lacking. Here, we investigate factors determining location magnitude humid‐heat extremes, framing our analysis around four regions with highest values: southern Persian Gulf, north‐central Pakistan, eastern South Asia, western Amazon. We find that strong boundary‐layer moisture fluxes, together stability inhibits moist convection, explain well timing near‐surface extremes. These favorable are achieved regionally distinct factors, including shallow sea breezes in Gulf large‐scale subsidence Asia. Our results demonstrate some principal controls intense heat, both globally for particular events.

Language: Английский

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Conserving the Cerrado and Amazon biomes of Brazil protects the soy economy from damaging warming

World Development, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 105582 - 105582

Published: July 9, 2021

In tropical regions, widespread loss of native forest and savanna vegetation is increasing extreme heat, particularly in agricultural regions. Using the case rising heat from lost Brazilian Amazon Cerrado we modeled losses to soy production, region's principal economic activity. We assessed two types extreme-heat regulation values: value avoided exposure conservation neighboring ecosystems revenue due increased ecosystem conversion. Our modeling combines empirical estimates (1) influence conversion on over cropland, (2) impacts yields, (3) area, crop prices. examine land period 1985 2012, potential further under plausible climate change scenarios (2020–2050), future remaining area near soy. Soy (1985–2012) totaled 99 (2005USD) ha−1 for 2012-2013 growing season. By 2050, growth, conversion, could boost values by 25% 95%. Future were strongly sensitive changes density, rates loss, climate. Extreme-heat largest biome southeastern Amazon. Relative values, was relative carbon biomass Cerrado. regulating agriculture can create considerable sector.

Language: Английский

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Colored textiles based on noniridescent structural color of ZnS@SiO2 colloidal crystals for daytime passive radiative cooling

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 475, P. 146431 - 146431

Published: Oct. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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