Progression of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a pathophysiological framework

The Lancet Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. 632 - 642

Published: May 23, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Role of Glymphatic System in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 2261 - 2261

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia, whilst Parkinson's (PD) a movement disorder. These two disorders share accumulation toxic proteins as pathological hallmark. The lack definitive disease-modifying treatments for these neurogenerative diseases has led to hypothesis new pathogenic mechanisms target and design potential therapeutic approaches. recent observation that glymphatic system supposed be responsible cerebrospinal fluid into brain clearance metabolic waste study its involvement in pathogenesis classic proteinopathies. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), water channel located endfeet astrocyte membrane, considered primary driver system, defective AQP4-mediated drainage been linked objective present review body knowledge links AD PD other lifestyle factors such sleep deprivation exercise may influence function. We will also focus on neuroimaging approaches could identify marker detect changes.

Language: Английский

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Imaging perivascular space structure and function using brain MRI

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 257, P. 119329 - 119329

Published: May 21, 2022

In this article, we provide an overview of current neuroimaging methods for studying perivascular spaces (PVS) in humans using brain MRI. recent years, increasing number studies highlighted the role PVS cerebrospinal/interstial fluid circulation and clearance cerebral waste products their association with neurological diseases. Novel strategies techniques have been introduced to improve quantification investigate function morphological features physiological pathological conditions. After a brief introduction on anatomy physiology PVS, examine latest technological developments quantitatively analyze structure We describe applications, advantages, limitations these methods, providing guidance suggestions acquisition protocols analysis that can be applied study vivo. Finally, review human across normative lifespan context disorders.

Language: Английский

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Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis ALong the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS): Revisiting the Meaning and Significance of the Method

Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 268 - 290

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

More than 5 years have passed since the Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis ALong Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) method was proposed with intention of evaluating glymphatic system. This is handy due to its noninvasiveness, provision a simple index in straightforward formula, and possibility retrospective analysis. Therefore, ALPS adopted evaluate system for many disorders studies. The purpose this review look back discuss at moment.

Language: Английский

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The relationship between inflammation, impaired glymphatic system, and neurodegenerative disorders: A vicious cycle

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 192, P. 106426 - 106426

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

The term "glymphatic" emerged roughly a decade ago, marking pivotal point in neuroscience research. glymphatic system, glial-dependent perivascular network distributed throughout the brain, has since become focal of investigation. There is increasing evidence suggesting that impairment system appears to be common feature neurodegenerative disorders, and this exacerbates as disease progression. Nevertheless, factors contributing dysfunction across most disorders remain unclear. Inflammation, however, suspected play role. Dysfunction can lead significant accumulation protein waste products, which trigger inflammation. interaction between inflammation cyclical potentially synergistic. Yet, current research limited, there lack comprehensive models explaining association. In perspective review, we propose novel model inflammation, impaired function, interconnected vicious cycle. By presenting experimental from existing literature, aim demonstrate that: (1) aggravates dysfunction, (2) exacerbated progression, (3) progression promotes Finally, implication proposed discussed.

Language: Английский

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Emerging non-invasive MRI techniques for glymphatic system assessment in neurodegenerative disease

Journal of Neuroradiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 52(3), P. 101322 - 101322

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Language: Английский

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Microglia dysfunction, neurovascular inflammation and focal neuropathologies are linked to IL-1- and IL-6-related systemic inflammation in COVID-19

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 6, 2025

COVID-19 is associated with diverse neurological abnormalities, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesized that microglia, resident immune cells of brain, centrally involved in this process. To study this, we developed an autopsy platform allowing integration molecular anatomy, protein and mRNA datasets postmortem mirror blocks brain peripheral organ samples from cases COVID-19. observed focal loss microglial P2Y12R, CX3CR1-CX3CL1 axis deficits metabolic failure at sites virus-associated vascular inflammation severely affected medullary autonomic nuclei other areas. Microglial dysfunction linked to mitochondrial injury excessive synapse myelin phagocytosis glutamatergic terminals, line proteomic changes assembly, metabolism neuronal injury. Furthermore, regionally heterogeneous viral load central systemic related interleukin (IL)-1 or IL-6 via virus-sensing pattern recognition receptors inflammasomes. Thus, SARS-CoV-2-induced might lead a primarily gliovascular which could be common contributor COVID-19-related neuropathologies.

Language: Английский

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Association of Data-Driven White Matter Hyperintensity Spatial Signatures With Distinct Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Etiologies

Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 99(23)

Published: Sept. 19, 2022

Topographical distribution of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are hypothesized to vary by cerebrovascular risk factors. We used an unbiased pattern discovery approach identify distinct WMH spatial patterns and investigate their association with different etiologies.

Language: Английский

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Gut–Brain Axis as a Pathological and Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1184 - 1184

Published: Jan. 21, 2022

Human lifestyle and dietary behaviors contribute to disease onset progression. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), considered multifactorial disorders, have been associated with changes in the gut microbiome. NDDs display pathologies that alter brain functions a tendency worsen over time. are worldwide health problem; US alone, 12 million Americans will suffer from by 2030. While etiology may vary, microbiome serves as key element underlying NDD development prognosis. In particular, an inflammation-associated plagues NDDs. Conversely, sequestration of this inflammatory correction dysbiotic state render therapeutic effects on To end, treatment short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, main metabolites responsible for maintaining homeostasis, ameliorates This intimate pathological link between suggests gut-brain axis (GBA) acts underexplored area developing therapies Traditionally, classification depends their clinical presentation, mostly manifesting extrapyramidal pyramidal movement neuropathological evaluation at autopsy gold standard diagnosis. review, we highlight evolving notion GBA stands equally sensitive marker NDDs, particularly Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's amyotrophic lateral sclerosis chronic stroke. Additionally, represents potent target treating

Language: Английский

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Current Understanding of the Anatomy, Physiology, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Neurofluids: Update From the 2022 “ISMRM Imaging Neurofluids Study group” Workshop in Rome

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(2), P. 431 - 449

Published: May 4, 2023

Neurofluids is a term introduced to define all fluids in the brain and spine such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluid. Neuroscientists past millennium have steadily identified several different fluid environments that interact synchronized harmonious manner assure healthy microenvironment required for optimal neuroglial function. Neuroanatomists biochemists provided an incredible wealth of evidence revealing anatomy perivascular spaces, meninges glia their role drainage neuronal waste products. Human studies been limited due restricted availability noninvasive imaging modalities can provide high spatiotemporal depiction neurofluids. Therefore, animal key advancing our knowledge temporal spatial dynamics fluids, example, by injecting tracers with molecular weights. Such sparked interest identify possible disruptions neurofluids human diseases small vessel disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, dementia. However, differences between rodent physiology should be considered when extrapolating these findings understand brain. An increasing armamentarium MRI techniques being built markers altered pathways. During three‐day workshop organized International Society Magnetic Resonance Medicine was held Rome September 2022, concepts were discussed distinguished international faculty lay basis what known where we still lack evidence. We envision next decade, will allow neurofluid pathways true pathological processes underlying disease discover new avenues early diagnoses treatments including drug delivery. Evidence level: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

Language: Английский

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