Antipsychotics: Mechanisms underlying clinical response and side-effects and novel treatment approaches based on pathophysiology

Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 107704 - 107704

Published: July 9, 2019

Language: Английский

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Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use: A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 103381 - 103381

Published: Aug. 28, 2021

Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public goals. Evidence-based 'Lower Risk Use Guidelines' (LRCUG) recommendations were previously developed reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed review new scientific develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this basis. Targeted searches literature (since 2016) main outcomes by the user-individual conducted. Topical areas informed previous LRCUG content expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused systematic reviews, supplemented key individual studies. The results evidence-graded, topically organized narratively summarized; through an iterative expert consensus development process. A substantial body cannabis use-related harms identified varying quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters three precautionary statements developed. In general, suggests that individuals can if they delay onset until after adolescence, avoid high-potency (THC) products high-frequency/-intensity use, refrain from smoking-routes administration. While people are particularly vulnerable harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those co-morbidities) advised exercise particular caution risks. Legal/regulated should be used where possible. result in outcomes, mostly higher-risk use. Reducing help offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive approach They require effective audience-tailoring dissemination, regular updating as become available, evaluated impact.

Language: Английский

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The Genomics ofCannabisand Its Close Relatives

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 71(1), P. 713 - 739

Published: March 10, 2020

Cannabis sativa L. is an important yet controversial plant with a long history of recreational, medicinal, industrial, and agricultural use, together its sister genus Humulus, it represents group plants myriad academic, agricultural, pharmaceutical, social interests. We have performed meta-analysis pooled published genomics data, andwe present comprehensive literature review on the evolutionary including medicinal industrial applications. demonstrate that current genome assemblies are incomplete, ∼10% missing, 10–25% unmapped, 45S 5S ribosomal DNA clusters as well centromeres/satellite sequences not represented. These also ordered at low resolution, their consensus quality clouds accurate annotation complete, partial, pseudogenized gene copies. Considering importance in development any crop, this analysis underlines need for coordinated effort to quantify genetic biochemical diversity species.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis Use and the Risk for Psychosis and Affective Disorders

Journal of Dual Diagnosis, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 22 - 42

Published: Oct. 24, 2019

Objective: This review discusses the relationship between cannabis use and psychotic, bipolar, depressive, anxiety disorders, as well suicide. It summarizes epidemiological evidence from cross-sectional long-term prospective studies considers possible etiological mechanisms. Methods: Systematic reviews methodologically robust in field (from inception to February 2019) were identified using a comprehensive search of Medline, PsychINFO, Embase summarized narrative synthesis. Results: Consistent evidence, both observational experimental studies, has confirmed important role initiation persistence psychotic disorders. The size effect is related extent use, with greater risk for early high-potency varieties synthetic cannabinoids. Accumulating suggests that frequent also increases mania However, on depression less clear findings are contradictory only few studies. Furthermore, common mental disorders may involve reverse causality, reported lead consumption some Pathogenetic mechanisms focus tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, main psychoactive ingredient cannabis) interacting genetic predisposition perhaps other environmental factors. Cannabidiol (CBD), traditional cannabis, ameliorates psychotogenic effects THC but absent increasingly available. Conclusions: heavy high-THC/low-CBD types psychosis sufficiently strong merit public health education. Evidence similar smaller suicide growing, not convincing anxiety. There much current interest possibility CBD be therapeutically useful.

Language: Английский

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Endocannabinoid Signaling Collapse Mediates Stress-Induced Amygdalo-Cortical Strengthening

Neuron, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 105(6), P. 1062 - 1076.e6

Published: Jan. 13, 2020

Language: Английский

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The therapeutic role of Cannabidiol in mental health: a systematic review

Journal of Cannabis Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2020

Abstract Background The therapeutic application of cannabidiol (CBD) is gaining interest due to expanding evidence for its use. Objective To summarize the clinical outcomes, study designs and limitations use CBD nabiximols (whole plant extract from Cannabis sativa L. that has been purified into 1:1 ratio delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) in treatment psychiatric disorders. Materials method A systematic review was conducted including case reports, series, open-label trials, non-randomized randomized controlled trials (RCTs). search resulted 23 relevant studies on a wide range quality judged by using Oxford Centre Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels Evidence ranges Level 1 5 based design. These levels help grading recommendations, Grade (strong), B (moderate), C (weak), D (weakest). Results CBD-containing compounds such as were helpful alleviating psychotic symptoms cognitive impairment patients with variety conditions, several provided effectiveness cannabis withdrawal moderate severe disorder recommendation. There recommendation supporting schizophrenia, social anxiety autism spectrum (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD). exists insomnia, anxiety, bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress Tourette syndrome. recommendations should be considered context limited number available studies. Conclusion cannabis-related disorders, comorbidities ASD, ADHD However, there weaker disorders needs explored future studies, especially large-scale well-designed RCTs.

Language: Английский

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Evidence on the acute and residual neurocognitive effects of cannabis use in adolescents and adults: a systematic meta‐review of meta‐analyses

Addiction, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 117(7), P. 1857 - 1870

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

Abstract Background Cannabis is among the most consumed psychoactive substances world‐wide. Considering changing policy trends regarding substance, it crucial to understand more clearly its potential acute and residual adverse effects from a public health viewpoint. Cognitive function one of targeted areas with conflicting findings. This meta‐review measured magnitude cannabis on cognition in adolescents adults provided by meta‐analyses evaluated quality evidence. Methods A systematic search was performed PubMed, PsycINFO, Web Science Google Scholar. Meta‐analyses were included if they quantitatively examined performances users general population cognitive tasks. Results The retrieved 10 eligible (71 sizes, n = 43 761) evidence ranging low moderate quality, which categorized into domains functions: executive functions ( k 7), learning memory 5), attention 4), processing speed perceptual motor 2) language 2). Verbal displayed robust impaired intoxication that persisted after passed. Small‐to‐moderate reported for functioning. use led small deficits inhibitory processes flexibility, whereas small‐to‐moderate working decision‐making. Evidence has shown administration induced neurocognitive observed heavy cannabis‐using youths. showed no significant difference between non‐users language, simple skills. Conclusion Meta‐analytical data have leads several domains. These impairments accord documented effects, suggesting detrimental persist beyond intake.

Language: Английский

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Attitudes toward medical cannabis among family physicians practising in Ontario, Canada: a qualitative research study

CMAJ Open, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. E342 - E348

Published: April 1, 2021

Background:

Medical cannabis has been legally available in Canada since 2001, but its benefits and harms remain uncertain. We explored attitudes toward medical among family physicians practising Ontario.

Methods:

Between January October 2019, we conducted a qualitative study of Ontario using semistructured telephone interviews. applied thematic analysis to interview transcripts identified representative quotes.

Results:

Eleven agreed be interviewed, 3 themes regarding emerged: reluctance authorize use, concern over lack practical knowledge. Participants raised concerns about the limited evidence for, their education regarding, therapeutic use cannabis, particularly associated with neurocognitive development, exacerbation mental illness drug interactions older adults. Some participants thought was overly accessible questioned role following legalization recreational cannabis.

Interpretation:

Despite increasing availability expressed because knowledge harms. Family may benefit from guidance that address they have surrounding

Language: Английский

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Endocannabinoid System and Exogenous Cannabinoids in Depression and Anxiety: A Review

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 325 - 325

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Background: There is a growing liberalization of cannabis-based preparations for medical and recreational use. In multiple instances, anxiety depression are cited as either primary or secondary reason the use cannabinoids. Aim: The purpose this review to explore association between dysregulation endogenous endocannabinoid system (ECS), well phytocannabinoids synthetic cannabinoids in remediation depression/anxiety symptoms. After brief description constituents cannabis, cannabinoid receptors system, most important evidence presented involvement both human from animal models anxiety. Finally, clinical treat Conclusions: Although common belief that cannabinoids, including its main studied components—tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabidiol (CBD)—or other derivatives have been suggested therapeutic role certain mental health conditions, all recent systematic reviews we report concluded improve depressive disorders weak, very-low-quality, offers no guidance on conditions within regulatory framework. an urgent need high-quality studies examining effects general particular, consequences long-term these due possible risks such addiction even reversal improvement.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis use and mood disorders: a systematic review

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 9, 2024

Background Problematic cannabis use is highly prevalent among people with mood disorders. This underscores the need to understand effects of and cannabinoids in this population, especially considering legalization recreational use. Objectives We aimed (1) systematically evaluate cross-sectional longitudinal studies investigating interplay between use, disorder (CUD), occurrence disorders symptoms, a focus on major depressive (MDD) bipolar (BD) and; (2) examine prognosis treatment outcomes MDD BD. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted an extensive search for English-language potential impact development published from inception through November 2023, using EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE databases. Results Our literature identified 3,262 studies, 78 meeting inclusion criteria. found that associated increased manic symptoms general population addition elevated likelihood developing Furthermore, observed linked unfavorable both or Discussion findings suggest may negatively influence development, course, Future well-designed type, amount, frequency while addressing confounding factors, are imperative comprehensive understanding relationship. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023481634 .

Language: Английский

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