Cannabis legalization and cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis-related problems among adults in Ontario, Canada (2001–2019)

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 244, P. 109765 - 109765

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

In the context of cannabis legalization in Canada, we examined effects on patterns consumption, including use, daily use and cannabis-related problems. addition, differential by age sex. A pre-post design was operationalized combining 19 iterations Centre for Addiction Mental Health (CAMH) Monitor Surveys (N = 52,260; 2001–2019): repeated, population-based, cross-sectional surveys adults Ontario. Participants provided self-reports (past 12 months), months) problems though telephone interviews. The consumption were using logistic regression analyses, with testing two-way interactions to determine Cannabis prevalence increased from 11 % 26 (p < 0.0001), 1 6 0.0001) 14 between 2001 2019. associated an likelihood (OR, 95 CI: 1.62, 1.40–1.86), (1.59, 1.21–2.07) (1.53, 1.20–1.95). For problems, a significant interaction observed suggesting among ≥55 years. Given increases these broader dissemination uptake targeted prevention tools is indicated.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis Use Disorder Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations and 5-Year Mortality

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. e2457852 - e2457852

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Importance Cannabis use disorders (CUD) are associated with adverse health effects, including mental and motor vehicle collision-related injuries. However, little is known about whether CUDs increased mortality risk. Objective To examine individuals receiving incident hospital-based care (an emergency department visit or hospitalization) for a CUD risk of death. Design, Setting, Participants This population-based retrospective cohort study included all aged 15 to 105 years living in Ontario, Canada, between 2006 2021 (n = 11 622 571 individuals). Overall cause-specific were compared age- sex-matched members the general population other substance using hazard models adjusted comorbid health, use, chronic conditions. Statistical analysis was performed from September December 2024. Exposure Incident care. Main Outcomes Measures identified vital statistics. Results The matched 527 972 (mean [SD] age, 29.9 [13.6] years; 330 034 [62.5%] female) median (IQR) follow-up 5 (3-9) 106 994 had CUD. Within care, 3770 (3.5%) died (0.6%) members. After adjusting conditions, at death relative (adjusted ratio [aHR], 2.79 [95% CI, 2.62-2.97]). Individuals investigated types particularly elevated by suicide (aHR, 9.70 6.04-15.57]), trauma 4.55 3.55-5.82]), opioid poisoning 5.03 2.86-8.84]), drug poisonings 4.56 3.11-6.68]), lung cancer 3.81 2.39-6.07]) population. Compared an individual CUD, alcohol 1.30 1.26-1.34]), stimulants 1.69 1.62-1.75]), opioids 2.19 2.10-2.27]) relatively within years. Conclusions Relevance In this residents markedly These findings suggest important clinical policy implications, given global trends toward cannabis legalization market commercialization accompanied increasing CUDs.

Language: Английский

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Clinical management of cannabis withdrawal

Addiction, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 117(7), P. 2075 - 2095

Published: Nov. 18, 2021

Abstract Background and Aims Cannabis withdrawal is a well‐characterized phenomenon that occurs in approximately half of regular dependent cannabis users after abrupt cessation or significant reductions products contain Δ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This review describes the diagnosis, prevalence, course management highlights opportunities for future clinical research. Methods Narrative literature. Results Symptom onset typically 24–48 hours most symptoms generally peak at days 2–6, with some lasting up to 3 weeks more heavy users. The common features are anxiety, irritability, anger aggression, disturbed sleep/dreaming, depressed mood loss appetite. Less physical include chills, headaches, tension, sweating stomach pain. Despite limited empirical evidence, supportive counselling psychoeducation first‐line approaches withdrawal. There no medications currently approved specifically medically assisted (MAW). Medications have been used manage short‐term (e.g. sleep, nausea). A number promising pharmacological agents examined controlled trials, but these underpowered positive findings not reliably replicated. Some agonists) ‘off‐label’ practice. Inpatient admission MAW may be clinically indicated patients who comorbid mental health disorders polysubstance use avoid severe complications. Conclusions significance its precipitate relapse use. Complicated occur people concurrent

Language: Английский

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Identifying risk-thresholds for the association between frequency of cannabis use and development of cannabis use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 238, P. 109582 - 109582

Published: July 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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Risk-thresholds for the association between frequency of cannabis use and the development of psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 53(9), P. 3858 - 3868

Published: March 24, 2022

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies show a dose–response association between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis. This review aimed to determine whether there are identifiable risk-thresholds frequency psychosis development. Methods Systematic search Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web Science for relevant (1 January 2010–26 April 2021). Case–control or cohort that investigated relationship development reported effect estimates [odds ratios (OR), hazard (HR), (RR)] raw data calculate them, with information on consumption were included. Effect extracted from individual converted RR. Two-stage multivariable meta-analytic models utilized sensitivity analyses conducted. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used assess bias included studies. Results Ten original (three cohorts, seven case–control) included, including 7390 participants an age range 12–65 years. Random-effect model meta-analyses showed significant log-linear A restricted cubic-splines provided best fit data, significantly increasing weekly more frequent [RR = 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–1.11 yearly; RR 1.10, CI 0.97–1.25 monthly; 1.35, 1.19–1.52 weekly; 1.76, 1.47–2.12 daily] Conclusion Individuals using frequently at increased psychosis, no associated less use. Public health prevention messages should convey these risk-thresholds, which be refined through further work.

Language: Английский

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Joint Effort, a mobile application to support cannabis use self-management and reinforce the use of protective behavioral strategies: development process and usability testing (Preprint)

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Canada’s legalization of recreational cannabis use (CU) has made even more evident the need for innovative interventions promoting lower-risk CU. Young adults 18 to 25 are age group with highest prevalence Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) have been proven help manage CU and reduce negative consequences. To date, few focused on PBS. fill this gap, a mobile application (app) prototype using PBS as means influencing was developed young adults. describe development process usability testing Joint Effort, self-management app centered among adult past-month users (< 1 month). Intervention Mapping (IM) co-design approach were used. Six steps followed: 1) focus groups conducted identify needs preferences regarding interventions; 2) matrix change objectives used select target behaviors determinants; 3) theory-based intervention methods practical applications selected; 4) held validate structure examples tailored messages; 5) preliminary content created; 6) transposed prototype. Usability assessed through qualitative semi-structured interviews User Version Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS) completed by sample 20 university students mean 21.8 years (median: 22), which 70% women 75% undergrads. Qualitative data analyzed thematic analysis. Four themes identified from interviews: Effort visually pleasing easy use; well-adapted audience non-judgmental; customization functions appreciated; helpful relevant initiate behavior change. The obtained quality score 4.43/5.0 (SD: 0.53) per item uMARS. Mean scores five subscales: engagement (4.14/5 ±0.53), functionality (4.60/5 ±0.47), aesthetics (4.53/5 ±0.52), information (4.44/5 ±0.61), subjective items (3.36/5 ±0.53). Our findings highlight added value IM that emphasizes importance incorporating user feedback in apps. On strength results obtained, since into an iOS further larger-scale evaluations ongoing assess its acceptability, feasibility, efficacy.

Language: Английский

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The adverse public health effects of non-medical cannabis legalisation in Canada and the USA

The Lancet Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. e148 - e159

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

SummaryCannabis consumption is legally prohibited in most countries the world. Several are legalising cannabis for adult consumption. It important to monitor public health effects of these policy changes. In this paper, we summarise evidence date on legalisation non-medical use Canada and USA. We describe regulatory models legalisation, changes products pricing, illicit market, use, cannabis-related physical mental harms. discuss challenges assessing outcomes emphasise importance continuous rigorous monitoring adverse inform design policies regulations.

Language: Английский

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An overview of select cannabis use and supply indicators pre- and post-legalization in Canada

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Oct. 7, 2021

Canada implemented the legalization and regulation of non-medical cannabis use, production sale in 2018 aiming to improve public health safety. While outcomes from reforms other jurisdictions mostly rely on US-based data have been assessed be mixed, Canadian are only emerging. We compiled select population-level key indicators gauge initial developments pre- post-legalization Canada.We examined focusing following topics: prevalence frequency methods/products consumption, driving after sourcing. Indicator were obtained national some provincial population surveys. Prevalence or percentages for (e.g., 2017- 2020), including confidence intervals reported, with changes noted, as available indicated by sources.Data suggested selected increases use prevalence, among mid- older- but possibly also younger under legal age) users. Frequency active users do not appear changed. Methods show diversifying trends, decreases smoking alternatives modes edibles, vaping). There is a clearly increasing trend towards accessing sources adults, while under-legal-use-age youth experience heightened barriers obtaining contexts.Preliminary mixed picture, similar developments. observed, these necessarily represent indications cannabis-related harm, since hospitalization injury) lacking date. gradual embracing supply users, which can expected serve safety objectives. At same time, access under-age principally vulnerable group hindered reduced legalization.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy, Safety, and Regulation of Cannabidiol on Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review

Cureus, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 16, 2022

We conducted a systematic review to determine the efficacy and safety of cannabidiol (CBD) for chronic pain. The is according Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Review Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 checklist. Five databases (PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect) were searched using cannabidiol, CBD, hemp, Inclusion criteria used studies on adult populations >18 years old; pain symptoms >three months duration; all available preparations CBD; human only; publication in English past five years. A total 2298 articles found. applied, quality assessments done, resulting 12 publications eligible review. CBD tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), both from Cannabis plants with almost identical chemical structures, attach CB receptor, eliciting different effects like psychoactivity seen THC but less or none CBD. Regulations worldwide differ each other due insufficiency solid evidence establish its benefit versus risks. However, few are showing benefits not only also sleep improvement life. In conclusion, an excellent alternative opioid because non-intoxicating pure form. More clinical trials should be done prove CBD's significance clinically statistically.

Language: Английский

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Culture matters! Changes in the global landscape of cannabis

Drugs Education Prevention and Policy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 317 - 322

Published: July 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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