Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: May 20, 2024

Abstract Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or body’s responses to during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated possess critical encouraging value in screening early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over past decades, continuous progress has made exploring discovering novel, sensitive, specific, accurate tumor significantly promoted personalized medicine improved outcomes cancer patients, especially advances molecular biology technologies developed for detection biomarkers. Herein, we summarize discovery development including history conventional innovative used biomarker classification biomarkers based on tissue origins, application clinical management. In particular, highlight recent advancements biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies emerging as breakthroughs promising strategies. We also discuss limitations challenges that need be addressed provide insights perspectives turn into opportunities this field. Collectively, multiple emphasized review may guidance precision medicine, broaden horizons future research directions, expedite patients according their rather than organs origin.

Language: Английский

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Grids designed for tomography: Stereovision transmission electron microscopy makes it easy to determine the winding handedness of helical nanocoils

Micron, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 190, P. 103784 - 103784

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Scanning Electron Microscopy Techniques in the Analysis of Gunshot Residues: A Literature Review

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 2634 - 2634

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

The analysis of gunshot residues (GSRs) is a critical component criminal investigations, linking suspects to firearms or shooting incidents. Among the various analytical techniques employed, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has emerged as valuable tool due its ability provide high-resolution imaging and detailed elemental composition GSR particles. Recent technological advancements have significantly enhanced effectiveness SEM in analysis, incorporating improved detectors software that facilitate more accurate detection characterization To ensure reliability SEM-based it essential adhere established methodologies for sample collection preparation, well implement best practices data interpretation within forensic context. Through narrative review, this paper aims explore application elucidate methodological approaches underpin effective highlight advantages limitations SEM, thereby addressing ongoing challenges opportunities field.

Language: Английский

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From Microsphere Synthesis to Neural Tissue Regeneration: Unraveling the Potentials and Progress

Composites Part B Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 112363 - 112363

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Expansion microscopy reveals thylakoid organisation alterations due to genetic mutations and far-red light acclimation\

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 149552 - 149552

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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New Approaches Based on Serial‐Block Face Electron Microscopy to Investigate the Peripheral Nervous System

Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(2)

Published: April 19, 2025

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF‐SEM) enables automated 3D imaging of specimens with ultrastructural resolution. However, its application is often restricted due to the complex labor‐intensive nature processes involved. This study addresses challenges associated sample preparation final reconstruction for analysis peripheral nerves dorsal root ganglia (DRG) specimens. Methods Specimens from caudal nerve DRG mice were prepared SBF‐SEM using three different techniques: (1) manual high molecular weight staining, regarded as gold standard, (2) standard transmission (TEM) preparation, (3) uranyl‐free en bloc preparation. The acquired data processed by combining software programs image rendering. Results Upon analyzing all samples, method demonstrated superiority. Nonetheless, two alternative methods produced high‐quality images nerve. Consequently, rendering was successfully achieved samples an approach. investigation posed greater TEM low contrast smaller organelles compared cytosol, whereas protocol provided significantly improved contrast. Interpretation Our findings indicate that staining can effectively compete traditional uranyl‐based methods, albeit some limitations. Furthermore, attainable, especially in nerves, via method, thereby facilitating previously embedded even if they not specifically examination.

Language: Английский

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Hyperthermal Reactions in DNA Triggered by 1–20 eV Electrons: Absolute Cross Sections for Crosslinks, Strand Breaks, Clustered Damages and Base Modifications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 4057 - 4057

Published: April 25, 2025

Absolute cross sections (ACSs) are needed to estimate cellular damage induced by high-energy radiation (HER). Low-energy electrons (LEEs), which the most numerous secondary particles generated HER, can trigger hyperthermal reactions in DNA. ACSs for such essential input parameters calculate radiobiological effectiveness, particularly targeted radiotherapy. Using a mathematical model, we generate from effective yields LEE impact on 3197 base-pair plasmid DNA films. Direct or enzyme-revealed conformational damages, quantified electrophoresis, provide first complete set of inducing crosslinks, double-strand breaks (DSBs), single-strand breaks, base-damage-related non-DSB clustered damages (NDCDs), and isolated base damages. These across 1–20 eV range, at one intervals. They exhibit strong energy dependence with maximum values 10 3.7 ± 0.8, 3.5 0.6, 45.4 4.1, 2.9 1.1, 5.1 1.4, 54.0 16.4 × 10−15 cm2, respectively. DSBs, NDCDs, crosslinks clearly indicate that lesions threatening cell function genetic stability be single LEE. At 5 eV, total 63% 80% larger, respectively, than those previously determined same plasmids bound arginine, constituent histones protecting

Language: Английский

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Application and Prospects of Controlled Hypotension in Liver Surgery

Advances in Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(08), P. 299 - 303

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Recent advancement and human tissue applications of volume electron microscopy

Microscopy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 18, 2024

Structural observations are essential for the advancement of life science. Volume electron microscopy has recently realized remarkable progress in three-dimensional analyses biological specimens elucidating complex ultrastructures several fields The advancements volume technologies have led to improvements, including higher resolution, more stability, and ability handle larger volumes. Although human applications remain limited, reported various organs already provided previously unrecognized features tissues also novel insights diseases. Simultaneously, application studies faces challenges, ethical clinical hurdles, costs data storage analysis, efficient automated imaging methods volume. Solutions use residual analysis based on artificial intelligence would address those issues establish role structural research. Future anticipated lead transformative discoveries basic research practice, deepening our understanding health diseases better diagnostic therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Two- and three-dimensional electron microscopy techniques: powerful tools for studying the brain under physiological and pathological conditions

Advanced technology in neuroscience ., Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(2), P. 143 - 165

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

We are in the midst of a revolution fields neuroanatomy and electron microscopy. The monumental advancements neuroscience field during last decade have led to unprecedented scientific discoveries about our brain development new technologies applications that significantly contributed such advances. Conventional transmission microscopy revolutionized neurosciences critical for determining fine morpho-functional characterization cells their connections. Electron has progressively evolved toward both more sensitive approaches unravel bidimensional subcellular localization proteins tools allow three-dimensional different nerve technological advances two- study map essential decipher complexity brain. For two-dimensional, sodium dodecyl sulfate-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling technique is with main goal chemically identifying structural components viewed replicas significant advantages over conventional immunoelectron microscopic techniques revealing organization along neuronal surface three-dimensional, volume methods can be applied studies cell organelles, just as been traditionally applied, but derived from possibility visualization analysis. greatly facilitated structure connectivity at synaptic level. Dedicated software analysis highly complex patterns three dimension evolving parallel, allowing extraction relevant information large datasets. Moreover, by applying these methodologies, pathology expected advance, potentially identification pathogenesis generating diseases. This review aims present possibilities fundamentals high-resolution ultrastructural analyses neurons These improved ability brain, thus providing insights into function.

Language: Английский

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