Özgür Yayınları eBooks,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 25, 2023
Genetic
engineering
and
biotechnology
intersect
in
many
ways.
Both
have
been
used,
albeit
unknowingly,
since
ancient
times.
For
example,
between
8000-1000
BCE,
animals
such
as
horses,
camels,
various
crops
like
maize
wheat
were
domesticated
by
the
people
of
that
era.
After
domestication,
they
started
crossbreeding
for
better
yields.
instance,
crossed
a
cow
with
high
milk
yield
strength
to
obtain
cows
produced
more
stronger.
Similarly,
crossing
high-yielding
drought-resistant
wheat,
obtained
productive
could
withstand
drought.
Not
only
Romans
or
Greeks
but
also
Indians
began
conducting
similar
experiments.
As
result
these
studies,
concept
genetics
emerged
1st
century
CE.
In
19th
century,
Mendel
made
significant
contributions,
firmly
establishing
concepts
genes
genetics.
From
present,
numerous
studies
conducted
develop
genetic
biotechnology,
shaping
them
into
what
are
today.
revolutionized
aspects
scientific
research,
agriculture,
medicine,
industry.
This
field
encompasses
manipulation
material
alter
characteristics
organisms
create
new
biological
entities.
this
paper,
we
provide
general
overview
principles
define
engineering,
focusing
on
its
core
concepts,
techniques,
applications.
Functional Plant Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
51(5)
Published: May 1, 2024
Sugarcane
(Saccharum
officinarum
)
has
gained
more
attention
worldwide
in
recent
decades
because
of
its
importance
as
a
bioenergy
resource
and
producing
table
sugar.
However,
the
production
capabilities
conventional
varieties
are
being
challenged
by
changing
climates,
which
struggle
to
meet
escalating
demands
growing
global
population.
Genome
editing
emerged
pivotal
field
that
offers
groundbreaking
solutions
agriculture
beyond.
It
includes
inserting,
removing
or
replacing
DNA
an
organism's
genome.
Various
approaches
employed
enhance
crop
yields
resilience
harsh
climates.
These
techniques
include
zinc
finger
nuclease
(ZFN),
transcription
activator-like
effector
(TALEN)
clustered
regularly
interspaced
short
palindromic
repeats/associated
protein
(CRISPR/Cas).
Among
these,
CRISPR/Cas
is
one
most
promising
rapidly
advancing
fields.
With
help
these
techniques,
several
crops
like
rice
(Oryza
sativa
),
tomato
(Solanum
lycopersicum
maize
(Zea
mays
barley
(Hordeum
vulgare
sugarcane
have
been
improved
be
resistant
viral
diseases.
This
review
describes
advances
genome
with
particular
focus
on
focuses
advantages
limitations
while
also
considering
regulatory
ethical
implications
across
different
countries.
insights
into
future
prospects
application
agriculture.
Bioinformatics
plays
a
crucial
role
in
crop
improvement
and
breeding
by
facilitating
the
analysis
interpretation
of
vast
genetic
data.
It
accelerates
these
processes
aiding
selecting
desirable
traits,
such
as
yield,
tolerance
to
abiotic
biotic
stresses,
improved
nutritional
content.
tools
empower
researchers
delve
into
makeup
plants,
encompassing
engineering,
gene
expression,
variation,
intricate
interactions
between
genes
their
environment.
Additionally,
it
assists
devising
effective
plant
disease
diagnostic
strategies
may
contribute
future
decision
management
systems
predicting
monitoring
health
quality.
are
instrumental
single
nucleotide
polymorphism
(SNP)
mining
subsequent
utilization
high-throughput
SNP
genotyping
for
varietal
identification,
differentiation,
evolutionary
studies.
The
manifold
applications
bioinformatics
encompass
diversity
analysis,
phylogenetic
relationship
estimation
through
use
software,
well
prediction
heterosis
heterotic
combinations
within
programs.
Genomics
constitutes
pivotal
realm
improvement,
comprehensive
examination
entire
genomes.
Genomic
unveils
vital
information
about
location
function
genes,
allowing
breeders
pinpoint
traits
formulate
innovative
varieties
that
enhance
performance.
Furthermore,
expedites
forecasting
desired
molecular
markers
marker-assisted
selection
(MAS).
Other
indispensable
areas
transcriptomics,
proteomics,
metabolomics.
Transcriptomics
explores
while
proteomics
metabolomics
studying
proteins
metabolites.
These
facets
offer
insights
biochemical
occurring
plants.
Moreover,
genomic
like
MAS,
GWAS,
used
identify
linked
traits.
is
development
new
varieties.
enables
genome
editing
via
technologies
CRISPR-Cas9.
designing
efficient
gRNA
constructs,
on-target
off-target
outcomes,
potentially
enhancing
improvement.
In
summary,
data
diverse
tools,
aids
identifying
creating
varieties,
expediting
efficiency.
Despite
its
tremendous
impact
on
breeding,
large
amounts
continue
pose
difficulties,
demanding
approaches
novel
long-term
agricultural
progress.
Journal of Plant Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 38 - 58
Published: April 10, 2025
The
global
agricultural
sector
faces
unprecedented
challenges
in
meeting
the
projected
food
demand
of
9.7
billion
people
by
2050,
exacerbated
adverse
impacts
climate
change,
such
as
increased
droughts
and
temperature
extremes.
Nanobiotechnology,
synergistic
integration
nanotechnology
biotechnology,
offers
transformative
solutions
plant
genetic
engineering
to
enhance
sustainability
ensure
security.
Nanobiotechnology
exploits
unique
physicochemical
properties
nanomaterials,
enabling
precise
delivery
materials,
advanced
gene
editing,
real-time
monitoring
cellular
processes.
Innovative
nanoparticle-mediated
methods
facilitate
transfer
nucleic
acids,
proteins,
other
biomolecules
into
cells,
overcoming
limitations
conventional
transformation
Agrobacterium-mediated
gun
technologies.
For
example,
magnetic
nanoparticles
carbon
nanotubes
have
shown
promise
genotype-independent
material
efficient
transgene
expression.
This
review
highlights
groundbreaking
applications
nanobiotechnology,
including
enhanced
CRISPR/Cas9
components
for
accurate
nanoscale
sensors
intracellular
process
monitoring,
use
mesoporous
silica
stable
silencing.
Despite
these
advancements,
barriers
nanoparticle
biocompatibility,
potential
toxicity,
scalability
systems
must
be
addressed.
Regulatory
frameworks
ensuring
safe
adoption
nanomaterials
practices
are
equally
critical.
holds
revolutionize
trait
manipulation,
crop
resilience,
reduced
environmental
impact.
Leveraging
advancements
can
foster
sustainable
mitigate
posed
demands
change.
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
3(6), P. 517 - 527
Published: May 18, 2023
Deficiency
of
micronutrients
is
a
major
problem
faced
by
nearly
half
the
world
population
due
to
intake
poor-quality
food.
To
overcome
malnutrition,
biofortification
cereal
crops
believed
be
good
approach
increase
nutrient
contents
in
our
daily
The
purpose
current
study
was
therefore
investigate
effect
foliar
applied
copper
and
boron
alone
combination
with
Trichoderma
harzianum
on
yield
attributes,
grain
quality,
wheat.
Wheat
plants
were
treated
or
without
T.
harzianum.
treatments
included
Cu
(0.05
M),
(0.1
harzianum,
M)/T.
B
M)/B
along
control
set
for
comparison.
Results
revealed
significant
enhancement
different
studied
growth
traits
including
plant
height,
spike
length,
kernels
per
spike,
harvest
index,
chlorophyll
content.
In
addition,
this
also
enriched
wheat
grains
various
micro/macronutrients
Cu,
Fe,
Zn,
K,
P.
This
concludes
that
bioreagent
may
lead
reasonably
enhanced
quality
characteristics
wheat,
further
suggesting
combined
application
under
suitable
conditions
will
make
it
an
acceptable
crop
improvements.
