Volatiles from Cotton Plants Infested by Agrotis segetum (Lep.: Noctuidae) Attract the Larval Parasitoid Microplitis mediator (Hym.: Braconidae)

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 863 - 863

Published: March 24, 2022

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), chemicals produced by plants infested herbivorous insects, can act as kairomones that recruit natural enemies of the pest herbivore. Agrotis segetum (Denis and Schiffermüller) is a common, important seedling cotton in Xinjiang Province, China, braconid Microplitis mediator (Haliday) an mortality factor this pest's larvae. In olfactometer tests, which included healthy foliage, or roots, M. preferred A. segetum-infested to plants. GC-MS analyses plant-emitted volatiles, we found compounds emitted increased 14.9- 13.3- fold after leaf infestation root infestation, respectively, compared control The were mainly p-xylene, nonanal, tetradecane, decanal, benzaldehyde, β-caryophyllene, humulene, while linalool was only present leaf-infestation treatment. addition, principal component analysis indicated all 18 associated with plants, especially decanal. Based on above studies previous functional evaluations volatile compounds, it be demonstrated these play crucial role modulating interactions between regulating parasitoid behavior. It may possible enhance biological through application HIPVs.

Language: Английский

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Combination of the Systemin peptide with the beneficial fungus Trichoderma afroharzianum T22 improves plant defense responses against pests and diseases

Journal of Plant Interactions, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 569 - 579

Published: May 16, 2022

Trichoderma spp. are among the most widely used plant beneficial fungi in agriculture. Its interaction with triggers resistance responses by activation of Induced Systemic Resistance mediated Jasmonic acid and Ethylene and/or Acquired Resistance, which involves Salicylic acid, consequent control a wide range parasites. However, benefit they can confer to plants may be reduced or nullified environmental conditions fungal ecological fitness. A novel approach enhance their effectiveness defense is combine them bioactive molecules including plant-derived compounds. Here, we show that treatment afroharzianum (strain T22) Systemin, tomato peptide active triggering defense, confers protection against pathogens Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea insect pest Tuta absoluta. The observed defensive response was associated an increase related metabolites decrease acid.

Language: Английский

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Zoophytophagous predator sex pheromone and visual cues of opposing reflectance spectra lure predator and invasive prey

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2024

In sub-Saharan Africa, the invasive South American leafminer Phthorimaea absoluta is most damaging tomato pest. Females of pest can reproduce both sexually and through parthenogenesis lay their eggs on all plant parts. The mirid predator Nesidiocoris tenuis, a biological control agent for pest, also when prey population low. To date, however, no study has developed an eco-friendly solution that targets its host in farming system. develop bio-based management system based combined use sexual communication visual cues. We collected volatiles from sexes Kenyan N. tenuis identified candidate sex pheromone components by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). used electrophysiological assays to identify antennally-active odorants volatiles, followed field trials with different pheromone-baited colored traps validate responses prey. Thereafter, we compared reflectance spectra those tissues. Our results reveal interplay between sensory cues which predator–prey interaction may favor predator. Antennae detect as 1-octanol hexyl hexanoate. Unexpectedly, our experiments led discovery lure P. females, were lured distinctly into trap whose spectrum mimicked ripe fruit (long wavelength), egg-laying site females. Contrastingly, males baited white (short wavelength) actively searching demonstrate novel assess complex trophic interactions tomatoes.

Language: Английский

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The parasitoid Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris eavesdrops on semiochemicals from its host Tuta absoluta and tomato

Journal of Pest Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 95(2), P. 633 - 652

Published: Aug. 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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Odor learning improves efficacy of egg parasitoids as biocontrol agents against Tuta absoluta

Journal of Pest Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 96(1), P. 105 - 117

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Abstract Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are generalist egg parasitoids widely used as biological control agents, yet with limited efficacy against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a key pest of tomato. Olfactory cues related to the host-plant complex influence searching behavior in parasitoids. Studies have shown that female can learn odor affecting their preference. We assessed if learning increases response tomato and whether it improves parasitism rate achaeae , evanescens, dendrolimi . The were either naive, reared for one generation on T. eggs, or conditioned associatively an oviposition experience factitious host presence odor. Subsequently, arrestment (searching time) -infested leaves was observed static four-chamber olfactometer. Rearing increased time strongly evanescens slightly but not In contrast, (leaves extract) did improve dendrolimi. Concerning improvement, only showed after associative learning. Hence, capacity should be further explored its

Language: Английский

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Multigenerational Insecticide Hormesis Enhances Fitness Traits in a Key Egg Parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis Ishii

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1392 - 1392

Published: June 9, 2022

Hormesis for the intractable pests can be dreadful, but natural enemies of pests, it is a puissant strategy in optimizing their mass rearing. We report multigenerational stimulatory effects widely used insecticide, imidacloprid, on demographic traits an important egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii. The study investigated consequences sublethal (LC5), low lethal (LC30), and median (LC50) concentrations, as well control, five continuous generations (F1 to F5). initial bioassay experiments revealed imidacloprid exhibiting highest toxicity with LC50 2 µg·L−1, whereas LC5 LC30 were 0.07 µg·L−1 0.6 respectively. Among biological traits, compared F1 individuals, substantial increase fecundity T. was observed F5 individuals by 54.92% 46.81% when exposed LC30, respectively (p < 0.00001). Further, there significant enhancement adult longevity oviposition days at both these concentrations. Considering population along gross reproductive rate (GRR), net (R0) also enhanced than F1; intrinsic (r) finite (λ) only upon comparing control. On other hand, exposure did not result notable differences or across Low concentrations have major influence induce hormetic subsequent generations. Overall, imidacloprid-induced hormesis stimulating development might helpful under circumstances mild fields could leveraged its

Language: Английский

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Tomato plant defense induced by methyl jasmonate impacts on foraging behavior and parasitism of Trichogramma pretiosum

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 171(3), P. 162 - 171

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

Abstract Indirect plant defense may be mediated by volatiles released after oviposition and/or herbivory or exogenous application of hormones such as methyl jasmonate (MeJa), signaling host presence to parasitoids. There is still incipient information regarding phytohormone action on crop defense, especially among tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae) and the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). We aimed evaluate T. chemotaxis parasitism in response eggs exposed Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelichiidae) herbivory, with without MeJa. conducted laboratory (olfactometry parasitism) semi‐field (parasitism) bioassays treatments MeJa (0.5 mM) applied plants, interaction its host, herbivory. Methyl directly did not affect parasitism. However, it intensify this natural enemy's foraging behavior when plant. Therefore, use system beneficial, increasing recognition Strategies at improving biological control combined environmentally friendly techniques, phytohormones, are utmost importance towards more sustainable agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Better Together: Volatile-Mediated Intraguild Effects on the Preference of Tuta absoluta and Trialeurodes vaporariorum for Tomato Plants

Journal of Chemical Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 49(11-12), P. 725 - 741

Published: Nov. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Interactions between Rice Resistance to Planthoppers and Honeydew-Related Egg Parasitism under Varying Levels of Nitrogenous Fertilizer

Insects, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 251 - 251

Published: March 1, 2022

Host plant resistance is the most researched method for management of planthoppers and leafhoppers in tropical rice. For optimal effects, should be resilient to fertilizer inputs work synergy with natural enemies. In field plot experiments, we examined how rice affect mortality planthopper leafhopper eggs by hymenopteran parasitoids. We used IR62 as a variety Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) [BPH], Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) [WBPH] Nephotettix virescens (Distant) [GLH], IR64 susceptible control. The herbivores were more abundant during wet season sampling low-nitrogen plots. During this study, parasitoids killed between 31 38% BPH 24 52% WBPH four days exposure. Parasitism, mainly due Oligosita spp., was generally higher high-nitrogen Similar densities exposed plants suggest that these trends mediated semiochemicals therefore support Optimal Defense Hypothesis. Honeydew from on had xylem-derived wastes than honeydew IR64. applied both varieties sentinel plants. Parasitism Anagrus spp. either treated derived IR62; however, effect only apparent Results responding honeydew, will counter nitrogen-induced enhancement fitness resistant

Language: Английский

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Genomic and metabolic profiling of two tomato contrasting cultivars for tolerance to Tuta absoluta

Planta, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 257(3)

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

Dissimilar patterns of variants affecting genes involved in response to herbivory, including those leading difference VOC production, were identified tomato lines with contrasting Tuta absoluta. absoluta is one the most destructive insect pest causing important yield losses both open field and greenhouse. The selection tolerant varieties T. sustainable approaches control this invasive leafminer. In study, genomic diversity two varieties, other susceptible infestation was explored, allowing us identify chromosome regions highly dissimilar pattern. Genes affected by potential functional several processes, herbivory secondary metabolism. A metabolic analysis for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) also performed, highlighting a classes chemicals genotypes. Taken together, these findings can aid breeding programs aiming develop plants

Language: Английский

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