The (Re-)Emergence and Spread of Viral Zoonotic Disease: A Perfect Storm of Human Ingenuity and Stupidity

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 1638 - 1638

Published: July 27, 2023

Diseases that are transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans referred as zoonotic diseases. Although microbial agents such bacteria and parasites linked events, viruses account for a high percentage of diseases have emerged. Worryingly, the 21st century has seen drastic increase in emergence re-emergence viral disease. Even though coexisted millennia, anthropogenic factors severely increased interactions between two populations, thereby increasing risk disease spill-over. While drivers climate shifts, land exploitation wildlife trade can directly affect (re-)emergence disease, globalisation, geopolitics social perceptions facilitate spread these (re-)emerging This opinion paper discusses "intelligent" nature their driving modernised connected world.

Language: Английский

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A review of emerging health threats from zoonotic New World mammarenaviruses

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: April 4, 2024

Abstract Despite repeated spillover transmission and their potential to cause significant morbidity mortality in human hosts, the New World mammarenaviruses remain largely understudied. These viruses are endemic South America, with animal reservoir hosts covering large geographic areas whose ecology driven part by land use change agriculture that put humans regular contact zoonotic hosts. We compiled published studies about Guanarito virus, Junin Machupo Chapare Sabia Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus review state of knowledge viral hemorrhagic fevers caused mammarenaviruses. summarize what is known rodent reservoirs, conditions for each these pathogens, characteristics populations at greatest risk fever diseases. also implications outbreaks biosecurity concerns where diseases endemic, steps countries can take strengthen surveillance increase capacity local healthcare systems. While there unique risks posed six viruses, ecological epidemiological similarities suggest common mitigate better contain future outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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The Adaptive Immune Response against Bunyavirales

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 483 - 483

Published: March 21, 2024

The Bunyavirales order includes at least fourteen families with diverse but related viruses, which are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by arthropod or rodent vectors. These viruses responsible for an increasing number of outbreaks worldwide and represent a threat public health. Infection in humans can be asymptomatic, it may present range conditions from mild, febrile illness severe hemorrhagic syndromes and/or neurological complications. There is need develop safe effective vaccines, process requiring better understanding the adaptive immune responses involved during infection. This review highlights most recent findings regarding T cell antibody five known human pathogens (Peribunyaviridae, Phenuiviridae, Hantaviridae, Nairoviridae, Arenaviridae). Future studies that define characterize mechanistic correlates protection against infections disease will help inform development vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Viral diversity in wild rodents in the regions of Canaã de Carajás and Curionopólis, State of Pará, Brazil

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Wild rodents serve as crucial reservoirs for zoonotic viruses. Anthropogenic and environmental disruptions, particularly those induced by mining activities, can destabilize rodent populations facilitate the emergence of viral agents. In Canaã dos Carajás Curionópolis regions Brazil, significant changes have occurred due to expansion, potentially creating conditions conducive rodent-associated diseases. This study aimed investigate diversity in wild captured Curionópolis, Pará, between 2017 2019. A total 102 samples were taxonomically identified through karyotyping screened anti-Orthohantavirus antibodies using ELISA method. Subsequently, nucleotide sequencing bioinformatics analyses conducted on 14 selected characterize virome. selection was based most commonly associated genera Orthohantavirus Mammarenavirus. Of tested via ELISA, 100 negative, two showed optical density at cutoff point. Sequencing generated approximately 520 million reads, with 409 retained after quality control. These reads categorized into 53 families, including both DNA RNA viruses, Retroviridae, Baculoviridae, Microviridae being abundant. Viral contigs identified, one fragment related Arenaviridae three Filoviridae. Metagenomic analysis revealed high sampled rodents, presence families public health concern, such The findings suggest that increased human activities may contribute these underscoring need ongoing surveillance prevent potential outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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A One Health approach for South American hemorrhagic fevers

CABI One Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

Abstract South American hemorrhagic fevers (SAHF) include five rodent-borne New World mammarenaviruses. These are Junin, Machupo, Chapare, Guanarito, and Sabia viruses. Their incidence is relatively low limited to sporadic outbreaks in certain regions of Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Venezuela. However, these have high mortality rates, a proven capacity for human-to-human spread their spillover risk potentially increasing with regional agricultural land-use change. Despite this, SAHF remain largely understudied. There growing acknowledgment from global health experts the epidemic potential SAHF. In 2023, Coalition Epidemic Preparedness announced it developing novel Junin vaccine. 2024, WHO included its Pathogen Prioritization Report. there has been explicit discussion One Health perspective. We believe adopting comprehensive approach could enable development more effective surveillance control strategies. reviewed key clinical epidemiological characteristics practitioners. Drawing Machupo outbreak responses programs Lassa Fever, we propose two strategies management. enhance rodent improve limit spillovers impact statement This notable given zoonotic nature SAHF, susceptibility agricultural-land use change potential. Our commentary aims inform practitioners most pertinent aspects transdisciplinary collaborative focused on protecting human, animal, environmental health. Ultimately, hope stimulate research into approaches

Language: Английский

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Square the Circle: Diversity of Viral Pathogens Causing Neuro-Infectious Diseases

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 787 - 787

Published: May 15, 2024

Neuroinfections rank among the top ten leading causes of child mortality globally, even in high-income countries. The crucial determinants for successful treatment lie timing and swiftness diagnosis. Although viruses constitute majority infectious neuropathologies, diagnosing treating viral neuroinfections remains challenging. Despite technological advancements, etiology disease undetermined over half cases. identification pathogen becomes more difficult when infection is caused by atypical pathogens or multiple simultaneously. Furthermore, modern surge global passenger traffic has led to an increase cases infections not endemic local areas. This review aims systematize summarize information on neuroinvasive pathogens, encompassing their geographic distribution transmission routes. Emphasis placed rare involving aiming offer a comprehensive structured catalog agents with neurovirulence potential.

Language: Английский

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The Virus–Host Interplay in Junín Mammarenavirus Infection

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1134 - 1134

Published: May 24, 2022

Junín virus (JUNV) belongs to the Arenaviridae family and is causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), a severe human disease endemic agricultural areas in Argentina. At this moment, there are no effective antiviral therapeutics battle pathogenic arenaviruses. Cumulative reports from recent years have widely provided information on cellular factors playing key roles during JUNV infection. In review, we summarize research host molecular determinants that intervene different stages viral life cycle: entry, replication, assembly budding. Alongside, describe tight interplay with innate immune system. We also review development reverse genetics systems their use as tools study biology its close teamwork host. Elucidating relevant interactions cell machinery highly necessary better understand mechanistic basis beyond multiplication, pathogenesis subversion response. Altogether, knowledge becomes essential for identifying potential targets rational design novel treatments combat well other

Language: Английский

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Fecal and oral microbiome analysis of snakes from China reveals a novel natural emerging disease reservoir

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Introduction The gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity of animal species harbor complex microbial communities, the composition which is indicative behavior, co-evolution, diet, immune system host. Methods This study investigated in snakes from varying altitudinal ranges by assessing fecal bacterial communities Protobothrops mucrosquamatus, Elaphe dione , Gloydius angusticeps Sichuan Province, China, using metagenomic sequencing. Results discussion It was revealed that Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria were core phyla samples across all three species, while Actinobacteria, Firmicutes species. Notably, dominance Armatimonadetes documented for first time feces Comparative analysis microbiomes indicated distinct microbiological profiles between living at low- high-altitude regions. Furthermore, 12 to 17 22 31 pathogens detected samples, respectively, suggesting may serve as a novel reservoir emerging diseases. Overall, this provides comparative snake Future investigations are anticipated further elucidate influence age, genetics, environment, ecology, evolution on gut snakes.

Language: Английский

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Treatment of highly virulent mammarenavirus infections—status quo and future directions

Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. 537 - 551

Published: April 12, 2024

Mammarenaviruses are negative-sense bisegmented enveloped RNA viruses that endemic in Africa, the Americas, and Europe. Several highly virulent, causing acute human diseases associated with high case fatality rates, considered to be significant respect public health impact or bioterrorism threat.

Language: Английский

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Understanding Sabiá virus infections (Brazilian mammarenavirus)

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 48, P. 102351 - 102351

Published: May 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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