Comparing the Developmental Genetics of Cognition and Personality over the Life Span

Journal of Personality, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 85(1), P. 51 - 64

Published: June 5, 2015

Empirical studies of cognitive ability and personality have tended to operate in isolation one another. We suggest that returning a unified approach considering the development individual differences both cognition can enrich our understanding human development. draw on previous meta-analyses longitudinal, behavior genetic across life span, focusing particular attention age trends heritability differential stability. Both are moderately heritable exhibit large increases stability with age; however, marked evident. First, substantially child age, while decreases modestly age. Second, increasing is overwhelmingly mediated by factors, whereas entirely environmental factors. Third, maturational time-course differs: Stability nears its asymptote end first decade life, takes three decades near asymptote. discuss how proximal gene-environment dynamics, developmental processes, broad social contexts, evolutionary pressures may intersect give rise these divergent patterns.

Language: Английский

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Interactions between Polygenic Scores and Environments: Methodological and Conceptual Challenges

Sociological Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 365 - 386

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Interest in the study of gene–environment interaction has recently grown due to sudden availability molecular genetic data—in particular, polygenic scores—in many long-running longitudinal studies. Identifying and estimating statistical interactions comes with several analytic inferential challenges; these challenges are heightened when used integrate observational genomic social science data. We articulate some key challenges, provide new perspectives on interactions, end by offering practical guidance for conducting research this area. Given well-powered scores, we anticipate a substantial increase testing between such scores environments. The issues discuss, if not properly addressed, may impact enduring scientific value

Language: Английский

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Capturing interactions, correlations, fits, and transactions: A Person-Environment Relations Model

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 427 - 522

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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The General Psychopathology Factor: Structural Stability and Generalizability to Within-Individual Changes

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Aug. 30, 2019

Objectives: Although cross-sectional investigations have found a bifactor structure of psychiatric comorbidity that includes general psychopathology factor plus more specific factors, prospective evidence supporting the is still limited. We evaluated structural stability (i.e., longitudinal invariance) model in comparison to an alternative structure, correlated factors without factor. also investigated models' generalizability change processes psychopathology. Methods: The analyses were conducted on 10-year follow-up data from 5,001 respondents US National Comorbidity Survey. Invariance was through series nested invariance tests using confirmatory analysis, and scores disorder status. Results: exhibited equal degree strong over time. Only satisfactorily characterized temporal changes Conclusions: with stable time describes findings support notion transdiagnostic etiology may therefore provide useful target for intervention treatment.

Language: Английский

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Gene–environment interactions between HPA-axis genes and stressful life events in depression: a systematic review

Acta Neuropsychiatrica, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 31(04), P. 186 - 192

Published: May 20, 2019

Abstract Objective: Depression is a disorder caused by genetics and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to perform review investigating the interaction between genetic variations located in genes involved hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA-axis) stressful life events (SLEs) depression. Methods: In systematic review, we selected articles HPA-axis, such as Arginine Vasopressin ( AVP ), Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) , Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRH) Receptor 1 (CRHR1) 2 (CRHR2) FK506 binding protein (FKBP5) Nuclear subfamily 3 group C member NR3C1) (NR3C2) SLE. literature search conducted using Pubmed, Embase, PsychINFO databases adherence with PRISMA guidelines. Results: yielded 48 potentially relevant studies, which 40 were excluded following screening. Eight studies included final review. A total 97 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) examined eight studies. most prevalent gene FKBP5 best studied polymorphism FKBP5:rs1360780. Two five reported significant gene–environment (G × E) interactions rs1360780 Overall, four G E FKBP5, CRH or CRHR1 SLE, respectively. No found for remaining genes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that variation three HPA-axis possibly moderate effects SLEs

Language: Английский

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Lack of Support for the Genes by Early Environment Interaction Hypothesis in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Bulletin, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 48(1), P. 20 - 26

Published: April 15, 2021

Ursini et al reported recently that the liability of schizophrenia explained by a polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from variants most associated with was increased 5-fold in individuals who experienced complications during pregnancy or birth. Follow-up gene expression analysis showed genes mapping to genetic are highly expressed placental tissues. If confirmed, these findings will have major implications our understanding joint effect and environment pathogenesis schizophrenia. We examined interplay between PRS obstetric (OCs) 5 independent samples (effective N = 2110). OCs were assessed full modified Lewis-Murray scale, birth weight < 2.5 kg as proxy. In large cohort we tested whether pathways placenta-relevant original report case-control status. Unlike study, did not find significant on presence cases, nor substantial difference association status stratified OCs. Furthermore, none interactions significant, any biological pathways, Swedish cohort. Our study could support hypothesis mediating placenta biology pathway Methodology differences, particular different scales measuring OCs, well power constraints for interaction analyses both studies, may explain this discrepancy.

Language: Английский

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A scientometric review of the scientific literature on child effects on adults: Topics of interest and areas for development in psychological research

Acta Psychologica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 255, P. 104897 - 104897

Published: March 13, 2025

Language: Английский

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Sources of Differences in Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation from Adolescence to Adulthood: A Multi-Cohort Twin Family Study

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 17, 2025

Past research indicates that both genetic and environmental sources contribute to two core dimensions of individual differences in socio-political attitudes: Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). However, less is known about between the variance RWA SDO, how these vary by age. Based on data from 1440 twin families including 1198 complete pairs, 435 non-twin full siblings, 2016 parents twins German TwinLife project, nuclear family modeling (NTFM) was used estimate different components examine extent which across three age cohorts (average 15, 21, 27 years). We hypothesized increasing levels cohorts, reflecting more active genotype-environment transactions with development, declining passive correlation. The results showed some regarding SDO. stronger effects shared due intergenerational non-genetic transmission offspring, covariance additive declined while nonadditive increased. For were generally negligible, tended increase cohorts. These findings only partially consistent our expectations. Counterintuitively, influence within-familial factors larger adulthood than adolescence. are discussed against a background developmental theories potential cohort differences.

Language: Английский

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How genetic and environmental variance in personality traits shift across the life span: Evidence from a cross-national twin study.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 121(5), P. 1079 - 1094

Published: Sept. 24, 2020

Decades of research have shown that about half individual differences in personality traits is heritable. Recent studies reported heritability not fixed, but instead decreases across the life span. However, findings are inconsistent and it yet unclear whether these trends because a waning importance heritable tendencies, attributable to cumulative experiential influences with age, or nonlinear patterns suggesting Gene × Environment interplay. We combined four twin samples (N = 7,026) from Croatia, Finland, Germany, United Kingdom, we examined age genetic environmental variance six HEXACO traits: Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness. The cross-national sample ranges 14 90 years, allowing analyses linear components trait variance, after controlling for gender national differences. amount Openness followed reversed U-shaped pattern showed declining trend Honesty-Humility was stable Emotionality. For most traits, provided evidence an increasing relative experiences contributing discussed against background transactions interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Language: Английский

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The social evolution of individual differences: Future directions for a comparative science of personality in social behavior

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 104980 - 104980

Published: Dec. 2, 2022

Personality is essential for understanding the evolution of cooperation and conflict in behavior. However, personality science remains disconnected from field social evolution, limiting our ability to explain how plasticity shape phenotypic adaptation Researchers also lack an integrative framework comparing contextualized multifaceted behaviors central interactions among humans other animals. Here we address these challenges by developing a evolutionary approach personality, synthesizing theory, methods, organizing questions study individuality sociality We critically review current measurement practices introduce reaction norm models comparative research on environments. These demonstrate that affects heritable variance individual differences can further modify rate direction adaptive evolution. Future empirical studies frequency- density-dependent selection are crucial this testing theory niche specialization.

Language: Английский

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