Dendrochronological reconstruction of the epicentre and early spread of emerald ash borer inNorthAmerica

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 847 - 858

Published: April 15, 2014

Abstract Aim Emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis was identified in 2002 as the cause of extensive ( Fraxinus spp.) decline and mortality Detroit, Michigan, has since killed millions trees US Canada. When discovered, it not clear how long had been present or at what location invading colony started. We used dendrochronological methods to document onset progression spatio‐temporal dynamics invasion. Reconstructing serves a proxy draw inferences about colonization spread emerald North America. Location Southeastern USA . Methods collected increment cores from dead, declining non‐symptomatic on systematic 4.8 × 2.4 km grid 2004–2006. Geo‐referenced samples were cross‐dated determine earliest date borer‐killed each location. Interpolated dates analysed rates patterns across 1.5 million ha study area. Results southeastern Michigan where by early 1997. Rates subsequently progressed 3.84 year −1 1998 2001 then increased 12.97 2003 satellite colonies coalesced with primary infestation. From 2003, new satellites formed rate 7.4 per year, average jump distances 24.5 km. Main conclusions likely established least mid‐1990s. Anthropogenic‐aided stratified dispersal coalescence population resulted biphasic range expansion, rapidly expanding footprint Our reconstruction invasion demonstrates this invaders’ remarkable capacity for growth spread.

Language: Английский

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Ecological Impacts of Emerald Ash Borer in Forests at the Epicenter of the Invasion in North America

Forests, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 250 - 250

Published: May 5, 2018

We review research on ecological impacts of emerald ash borer (EAB)-induced mortality in the Upper Huron River watershed southeast Michigan near epicenter invasion North America, where forests have been impacted longer than any others America. By 2009, green, white, and black exceeded 99%, seed production regeneration had ceased. This left an orphaned cohort saplings too small to be infested, fate which may depend ability natural enemies regulate EAB populations at low densities. There was no relationship between patterns density, importance, or community composition. Most trees died over a five-year period, resulting relatively simultaneous, widespread gap formation. Disturbance from formation accumulation coarse woody debris caused by cascading forest communities, including successional trajectories, growth non-native invasive plants, soil dwelling herbivorous arthropod bird foraging behavior, abundance, These other ecosystems are likely experienced elsewhere as continues spread.

Language: Английский

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Biological Flora of the British Isles:Fraxinus excelsior

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 104(4), P. 1158 - 1209

Published: March 22, 2016

Summary This account presents information on all aspects of the biology Fraxinus excelsior L. (Ash) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics presented within standard framework Biological Flora British Isles : distribution, habitat, communities, responses biotic factors, environment, structure physiology, phenology, floral seed characters, herbivores disease, history, conservation. is a large forest tree, native throughout islands Britain much mainland Europe. Seedlings shade tolerant, but adults not so it tends be an intermediate successional species, invading gaps in mixed stands rather than forming extensive pure stands. Ash grows wide range soils commonest nutrient‐rich with high base status pH > 4.2, at best dry calcareous screes fertile alluvial soils. trioecious or subdioecious male, hermaphrodite female flowers trees. Seed production prolific periodic higher producing mast years. Seeds primarily wind‐dispersed, they can float moved considerable distances along waterways. Germination delayed by dormancy until usually second spring after being shed. tolerant drought, intolerant frosts predicted fare well under current climate change scenarios, indeed has recently been expanding However, ash health survival currently seriously compromised dieback caused fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus ( Chalara fraxinea ) potential kill very few resistant Moreover, emerald borer beetle Agrilus planipennis , serious pest species N. America, reached Europe (though yet Isles) poses equally if more long‐term threat ash.

Language: Английский

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Progress and gaps in understanding mechanisms of ash tree resistance to emerald ash borer, a model for wood‐boring insects that kill angiosperms

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 209(1), P. 63 - 79

Published: Aug. 13, 2015

Summary We review the literature on host resistance of ash to emerald borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis ), an invasive species that causes widespread mortality ash. Manchurian ( Fraxinus mandshurica which coevolved with EAB, is more resistant than evolutionarily naïve North American and European congeners. was less preferred for adult feeding oviposition susceptible hosts, larval feeding, had higher constitutive concentrations bark lignans, coumarins, proline, tyramine defensive proteins, characterized by faster oxidation phenolics. Consistent EAB being a secondary colonizer drought stress decreased ash, but no effect phenolics, suggesting they do not contribute increased susceptibility in response stress. The induced exogenous application methyl jasmonate associated verbascoside, lignin and/or trypsin inhibitors, survival growth bioassays. This finding suggests these inherently possess latent defenses are naturally colonization, perhaps because fail recognize cues or respond quickly enough. Finally, we propose future research directions would address some critical knowledge gaps. Contents 63 I. Introduction 64 II. Emerald life cycle range III. Mechanisms 65 IV. Nutritional quality primary metabolites 71 V. Conclusions 72 Acknowledgements 75 References

Language: Английский

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Making the EU Legislation on Invasive Species a Conservation Success

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 112 - 120

Published: Nov. 19, 2015

Abstract The European Union's (EU) new legislation concerning Invasive Alien Species (IAS) is a ground‐breaking and commendable attempt to set common standard for combating IAS across political jurisdictions at multinational scale. However, the regulation, underpinned by list of Union concern, affords Member States degree operational flexibility its successful implementation will be dictated appropriate national enforcement resource use. In evaluating this EU legislation, we provide pragmatic recommendations based upon geo‐political analysis pan‐European capabilities combat discuss measures avoid risk that regulation promote piecemeal response stakeholders instead truly collaborative effort. We highlight major deficit in funding mechanisms support comprehensive stress importance consultation with broader scientific community, including key stakeholders, businesses general public. Our create incentives industries, raise awareness among citizens help establish social norm further afield. offers Europe chance demonstrate commitment tackling problems achieve conservation breakthrough international importance.

Language: Английский

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A new forest pest in Europe: a review of Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) invasion

Journal of Applied Entomology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 141(7), P. 507 - 526

Published: Oct. 25, 2016

Abstract In this publication, we review the biology, ecology, invasion history, impacts and management options of Emerald ash borer (EAB) Agrilus plannipennis , with a particular focus on its in Europe. planipennis ( EAB ) is wood‐boring beetle native to East Asia. Having caused massive damages species North America last decades, it was first recorded Europe 2003 Russia (Moscow). All Fraxinus are known be susceptible attacks, which cause high tree mortality even among formerly healthy trees. Recorded expansion rates between 2.5 80 km/year 13 41 European Russia. Given current rates, expected reach Central within 15–20 years. A combination mechanical, biological chemical control phytosanitary measures may reduce impact, nevertheless most likely will substantial. There an urgent need identify enemies Europe, test suitable biocontrol agents develop early detection measures. Although obvious that become major pest dedicated response able level mortality, thus improve opportunity for long‐term survival as important component forests.

Language: Английский

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The Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus: a global invader and a successful case of classical biological control

Journal of Pest Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 92(1), P. 107 - 115

Published: Sept. 20, 2018

Language: Английский

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Current range of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, an alien pest of ash trees, in European Russia and Ukraine

Annals of Forest Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 77(2)

Published: March 23, 2020

Language: Английский

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Jewels on the go: exotic buprestids around the world (Coleoptera, Buprestidae)

NeoBiota, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 84, P. 107 - 135

Published: May 18, 2023

Buprestidae (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea) is one of the three wood-borer beetle groups major phytosanitary interest worldwide, together with Cerambycidae and Scolytinae (Curculionidae). As in other families, some buprestid species have been unintentionally or intentionally introduced around world, cases causing significant environmental economic damage invaded territories. Despite relevance Buprestidae, information regarding identity exotic buprestids, their biogeographic areas origin, introduction pathways, larval host plants, remained scattered literature. Our objective was to summarize much existing knowledge on these topics present paper. analysis resulted a list 115 buprestids representing introductions both within between realms corresponding less than 1% known worldwide. Invasiveness does not seem be linked plant preferences, as utilize 158 genera 70 families are equally represented all feeding guilds (monophagous, oligophagous, polyphagous). trade plants parts can serve pathway for future introductions, reported this review help pest risk assessment.

Language: Английский

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The life cycle of the emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis in European Russia and comparisons with its life cycles in Asia and North America

Agricultural and Forest Entomology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 182 - 188

Published: Oct. 30, 2015

Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), native to Asia, is a destructive invasive pest of ash Fraxinus spp. in U.S.A. , Canada and European Russia. It spreading quickly will probably soon be detected other countries. Information about the life cycle needed for detection survey efforts, development control options predicting potential range Europe. The has been studied North America although it not previously number larval instars duration A. Russia were determined. Distributions width epistome length urogomphi indicated four instars. excretory ducts presence ledges did provide clear differentiation between Development most specimens took 2 years. Generation time flexible. In warmer regions (Tianjin), individuals finish 1 year, whereas, colder (Moscow, Changchun, Harbin), takes intermediate climatic (Michigan), ratio : 2‐year cycles depends on additional factors. flexibility allows establish with different climates.

Language: Английский

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