Emerald Ash Borer Management and Research: Decades of Damage and Still Expanding

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 239 - 258

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

Since the discovery of ash tree ( Fraxinus spp.) killer emerald borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis) in United States 2002 and Moscow, Russia 2003, substantial detection management efforts have been applied to contain monitor its spread mitigate impacts. Despite these efforts, pest continues within North America. It has European Ukraine is causing sporadic outbreaks native range China. The dynamics EAB's expansion events appear be linked lack resistant trees invaded ranges, facilitated by abundance or planted American susceptible species. We review recently gained knowledge EAB; ecological, economic, social impacts; past with their successes limitations. also highlight advances biological control, mechanisms resistance, new approaches under development, aim guiding more effective management.

Language: Английский

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Citizen science can enhance strategies to detect and manage invasive forest pests and pathogens

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Incorporating a citizen science approach into biological invasion management strategies can enhance biosecurity. Many projects exist to strengthen the of forest pest and pathogen invasions within both pre- post-border scenarios. Besides value initiatives for early detection monitoring, they also contribute widely raising awareness, informing decisions about eradication containment efforts minimize spread, even finding resistant plant material restoration landscapes degraded by disease. Overall, many actively engage citizens in different stages invasions, but it is unclear how work together across all entire process Here we provide examples each stage process, discuss options developing program biosecurity, suggest approaches integrating biosecurity measures help safeguard resources future.

Language: Английский

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Ongoing regeneration of ash and co-occurring species 20 years following invasion by emerald ash borer

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 580, P. 122546 - 122546

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Challenges, tactics and integrated management of emerald ash borer in North America

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 24, 2019

Abstract Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), discovered in southeastern Michigan, USA 2002, has become the most destructive and costly invasive forest insect North America. This phloem-boring beetle also invaded Moscow, Russia continued spread of EAB potentially threatens European (Fraxinus spp.) species. review summarizes life history, including interspecific variation host preference, invasion impacts challenges detecting new infestations provides an overview available management tactics. Advances systemic insecticides, particularly emamectin benzoate products applied via trunk injection, have yielded effective practical options both to protect individual trees slow population growth decline on area-wide basis without disrupting natural enemies. Economic costs treating are substantially lower than removal costs, retain ecosystem services provided by trees, reduce sociocultural conserve genetic diversity areas EAB. Girdled highly attractive adults low-density populations debarking small girdled locate larval galleries is detection method. An array woodpeckers, native parasitoids introduced attack stages but mortality variable. Area-wide strategies that integrate insecticide-treated trap biological control can be adapted for local conditions impacts.

Language: Английский

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Important Insect and Disease Threats to United States Tree Species and Geographic Patterns of Their Potential Impacts

Forests, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 304 - 304

Published: April 2, 2019

Diseases and insects, particularly those that are non-native invasive, arguably pose the most destructive threat to North American forests. Currently, both exotic native insects diseases producing extensive ecological damage economic impacts. As part of an effort identify United States tree species forests vulnerable these epidemics, we compiled a list serious insect disease threats for 419 assigned severity rating each 1378 combinations between mature hosts 339 distinct agents. We then joined this with data from spatially unbiased nationally consistent forest inventory assess potential impacts infestations. Specifically, host mortality host/agent combination was used weight importance values on approximately 132,000 Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) plots across conterminous 48 States. When summed plot, weighted represent estimate proportion plot’s existing value at risk being lost. These plot estimates were statistically significant geographic hotspots coldspots associated in total, different agent types. In general, greater West, where there fewer agents less diverse The impact invasive agents, however, potentially East. Indeed, current pests could be greatly magnified much Eastern if able reach entirety their hosts’ ranges. Both agent/host severities explicit results can inform species-level vulnerability assessments broad-scale sustainability reporting efforts, should provide valuable information decision-makers who need determine which locations target monitoring efforts pro-active management activities.

Language: Английский

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Legacy effects of emerald ash borer on riparian forest vegetation and structure

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 457, P. 117684 - 117684

Published: Nov. 26, 2019

Language: Английский

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Biological invasion threatens keystone species indelibly entwined with Indigenous cultures

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(7), P. 310 - 316

Published: June 6, 2023

Black ash ( Fraxinus nigra ), the most highly preferred and vulnerable host of invasive emerald borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis ) in North America, is cultural spiritual importance to many Tribal Nations US First Canada. To date, EAB has invaded nearly 60% native range black ash, with annual spread averaging approximately 50 km per year. On basis predicted expansion distribution, we estimate that more than 75% basal area will be lost across 87% species’ American by 2035. Census data indicate 98% Indigenous people currently residing within geographic experiencing loss 2035, suggesting broad multidimensional impacts invasion for those who value as a keystone species. Collaborative efforts among scientists, resource managers, experts are needed mitigate preserve or protect resources, given vulnerability its associated ecological value.

Language: Английский

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Protection of North American ash against emerald ash borer with biological control: ecological premises and progress toward success

BioControl, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 68(2), P. 87 - 100

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of trapping protocols for Agrilus jewel beetles: a multi-country assessment

Journal of Pest Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 97(4), P. 1795 - 1810

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

Abstract The genus Agrilus is one of the most diverse insect genera worldwide. larval feeding activity causes extensive damage in both forests and orchards. In addition, more than 30 species have been introduced outside their native range so far, including emerald ash borer planipennis Fairmaire. Thus, availability efficient trapping protocols for early detection at entry points utmost importance. this study we tested whether developed surveillance A. North America were also effective other species. particular, through a multi-country assessment compared efficacy detecting on: (i) green glue-coated prism traps vs. Fluon-coated multi-funnel when baited with leaf volatile ( Z )-3-hexenol or left unbaited; (ii) multi-panel dead adult beetles (decoys). A total 23,481 individuals from 45 caught. Trap design significantly affected richness abundance several countries where experiments carried out, outperformed cases. On contrary, addition lure beetle decoys on to did not improve trap catches. Our highlights that reliable models survey are already available, but there clear need further investigate chemical ecology develop semiochemical lures can efficacy.

Language: Английский

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Prioritizing the conservation needs of United States tree species: Evaluating vulnerability to forest insect and disease threats

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 18, P. e00622 - e00622

Published: April 1, 2019

Abstract Insect and disease infestations pose major threats to several North American forest tree species. Scientists managers from throughout the United States Forest Service developed a conservation priority-setting framework for species at risk insects other threats. The Project CAPTURE (Conservation Assessment Prioritization of Trees Under Risk Extirpation) is data-driven guided by expert opinion, allowing quantitative grouping into vulnerability classes that may require different management strategies. We applied this categorize prioritize 419 native conservation, monitoring, using trait data insect threat each host categorization based on factors relating species’ (1) severity, (2) sensitivity infestation, (3) capacity adapt infestation. used K-means clustering group 11 these dimensions. three most vulnerable encompassed 15 which immediate intervention. Two additional face less severe be good candidates resistance breeding efforts. Other groups had traits associated with high and/or low adaptive potential future threats, suggesting need close monitoring. This assessment tool should valuable decision-makers determining populations target monitoring efforts pro-active gene activities.

Language: Английский

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